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Mycobacterium avium complex is a group of mycobacteria comprising Mycobacterium intracellulare, Mycobacterium avium, and Mycobacterium chimaera that are commonly grouped together because they infect humans together; this group in turn is part of the group of nontuberculous mycobacteria. These bacteria cause disease in humans called Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection or Mycobacterium avium complex infection.^[2]

Description

In the Runyon classification all three are nonchromogens. They can be differentiated from M. tuberculosis and each other via commercially available DNA probes.^[3]^:245

"Gram-positive", nonmotile and acid-fast short to long rods.

Colony characteristics

Usually smooth, rarely rough and nonpigmented colonies. Ageing colonies may become yellow.

Physiology

Growth on Löwenstein-Jensen medium and Middlebrook 7H10 at 37°C after 7 or more days.
Resistant to isoniazid, ethambutol, rifampin and streptomycin.

Differential characteristics

M. intracellulare and Mycobacterium avium form the M. avium complex] (MAC).
Remarkable ITS heterogeneity within different M. intracellulare isolates.

Type strains

M. intracellulare type strains include ATCC 13950, CCUG 28005, CIP 104243, DSM 43223, JCM 6384, and NCTC 13025.^[4]

M. avium type strains include ATCC 25291, DSM 44156, and TMC 724.^[5]

M. chimaera type strains include DSM 44623 and CIP 107892.^[6]

Human health

MAC infection can cause chronic pulmonary disease, lymphadenitis, and can cause disseminated disease, especially in people with immunodeficiency.^[3]^:245

The plant cannabinoid cannabigerol (CBG) have shown selective antimicrobial activity against Mycobacterium intracellulare with an IC₅₀ value of 15.0 μg/mL.^[7]

History

In 2004, Tortoli et al. proposed the name M. chimaera for strains that a reverse hybridization–based line probe assay suggested belonged to MAIS (M. avium–M. intracellulare–M. scrofulaceum group) but were different from M. avium, M. intracellulare, or M. scrofulaceum. The new species name comes from the chimera, a mythological being made up of parts of 3 different animals.^[8]^[9]

References

^ Runyon, E. 1965. Pathogenic mycobacteria. Advances in Tuberculosis Research, 14, 235-287.
^ "Mycobacterium Avium Complex. MAI; MAC Information". Patient Info. 29 August 2014.
^ ^a ^b Jones-Lopez, Edward C.; Ellner, Jerrold J. (2011). "Chapter 35: Tuberculosis and Atypical Mycobacterial Infections". In Guerrant, Richard L.; Walker, David H.; Weller, Peter F. Tropical infectious diseases : principles, pathogens, & practice (3rd ed.). Edinburgh: Saunders. ISBN 9780702039355.
^ Type strain of Mycobacterium intracellulare at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase
^ Type strain of Mycobacterium avium at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase
^ Type strain of Mycobacterium chimaera at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase
^ Radwan, Mohamed M.; Ross, Samir A.; Slade, Desmond; Ahmed, Safwat A.; Zulfiqar, Fazila; ElSohly, Mahmoud A. (2008). "Isolation and Characterization of New Cannabis Constituents from a High Potency Variety". Planta Medica. 74 (3): 267–272. doi:10.1055/s-2008-1034311. ISSN 0032-0943. PMC 4887452 . PMID 18283614.
^ Henry, Ronnie (March 2017). "Etymologia: Mycobacterium chimaera". Emerg Infect Dis. 23 (3): 499. doi:10.3201/eid2303.ET2303. Retrieved March 14, 2017. Citing public domain text from the CDC.
^ Tortoli, E; Rindi, L; Garcia, MJ; Chiaradonna, P; Dei, R; Garzelli, C; Kroppenstedt, RM; Lari, N; Mattei, R; Mariottini, A; Mazzarelli, G; Murcia, MI; Nanetti, A; Piccoli, P; Scarparo, C (July 2004). "Proposal to elevate the genetic variant MAC-A, included in the Mycobacterium avium complex, to species rank as Mycobacterium chimaera sp. nov". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 54 (Pt 4): 1277–85. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.02777-0. PMID 15280303.

External links

Mycobacterium avium Complex at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

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UpToDate Contents

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1. HIV陰性患者における非結核性抗酸菌感染症の概要 overview of nontuberculous mycobacterial infections in hiv negative patients
2. 成人の肺MAC（マイコバクテリウム・アビウムコンプレックス）症の治療 treatment of mycobacterium avium complex lung infection in adults
3. HIV感染患者におけるMycobacterium avium complex (MAC）感染症 mycobacterium avium complex mac infections in hiv infected patients
4. 非結核性抗酸菌の微生物学 microbiology of nontuberculous mycobacteria
5. 非結核性抗酸菌感染症の疫学 epidemiology of nontuberculous mycobacterial infections

English Journal

Comparison of a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) with conventional PCR, bacterial culture and ELISA for detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in sheep showing pathology of Johne's disease.

Sonawane GG, Tripathi BN.SourceIndian Veterinary Research Institute, Regional Station Palampur, Kangra, (HP-176062) India.
SpringerPlus.Springerplus.2013 Dec;2(1):45. Epub 2013 Feb 11.
A quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assay employing IS900 gene specific primers of Mycobacterium avium subsp. parartuberculosis (MAP) was compared with conventional PCR, bacterial culture and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 38 sheep showing granulomatous enteritis and lymphadenitis with and wit
PMID 23539663

Comparison of pre- and post-vaccination ovine Johne's disease prevalence using a Bayesian approach.

Dhand NK, Johnson WO, Eppleston J, Whittington RJ, Windsor PA.SourceFaculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, 425 Werombi Road, Camden, 2570 NSW, Australia. Electronic address: navneet.dhand@sydney.edu.au.
Preventive veterinary medicine.Prev Vet Med.2013 Aug 1;111(1-2):81-91. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2013.03.003. Epub 2013 Apr 8.
This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of Gudair™ vaccine in decreasing the prevalence of shedding of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) in flocks of varying initial prevalence. Thirty-seven self-replacing Merino flocks from New South Wales and Victoria (Australia) t
PMID 23578910

Japanese Journal

症例抗菌薬治療にて改善した非結核性抗酸菌症合併自己免疫性肺胞蛋白症の1例

日本呼吸器学会誌 = Annals of the Japanese Respiratory Society 4(6), 478-482, 2015-11-10
NAID 40020654248

症例 Mycobacterium fortuitumとMycobacterium aviumによる同時肺感染症の1例

内科 116(5), 900-904, 2015-11
NAID 40020627721

A preliminary survey of the seroprevalence of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in Mongolian cattle

Japanese Journal of Veterinary Research 63(4), 191-194, 2015-11
NAID 120005676282

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

国試過去問	「104I008」
リンク元	「通性細胞内寄生菌」「M. avium」「マイコバクテリウム・アビウム」
拡張検索	「Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare」「Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis」「Mycobacterium avium complex」「Mycobacterium avium intracellulare」
関連記事	「avium」「Mycobacterium」

「104I008」

Mycobacterium avium complex
Scientific classification
Domain:	Bacteria
Phylum:	Actinobacteria
Order:	Actinomycetales
Suborder:	Corynebacterineae
Family:	Mycobacteriaceae
Genus:	Mycobacterium
Species complex:	Mycobacterium avium complex
Binomial name
	Mycobacterium intracellulare; Runyon 1965, ATCC 13950
	Mycobacterium avium; Chester 1901 emend. Thorel et al. 1990
	Mycobacterium chimaera; Tortoli et al. 2004, CCUG 50989