WordNet
- a cellular structure that is postulated to exist in order to mediate between a chemical agent that acts on nervous tissue and the physiological response
PrepTutorEJDIC
- =sense organ / 受信装置
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2013/02/06 23:04:11」(JST)
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mannose receptor, C type 1 |
Identifiers |
Symbol |
MRC1 |
Alt. symbols |
CD206 |
Entrez |
4360 |
HUGO |
7228 |
OMIM |
153618 |
RefSeq |
NM_002438 |
UniProt |
P22897 |
Other data |
Locus |
Chr. 10 p13 |
mannose receptor, C type 2 |
Identifiers |
Symbol |
MRC2 |
Alt. symbols |
CD280 |
Entrez |
9902 |
HUGO |
16875 |
RefSeq |
NM_006039 |
UniProt |
Q9UBG0 |
Other data |
Locus |
Chr. 17 q23 |
The mannose receptor is a C-type lectin carbohydrate binding protein primarily present on the surface of macrophages and dendritic cells. It helps recognize pathogens that have mannose on their surface, and triggers one pathway of the complement system.
The function of this receptor is to recognize complex carbohydrates that are located on glycoproteins that are a part of many different biological processes. Some of those processes include cell–cell recognition, serum glycoprotein turnover, and neutralization of pathogens.[1] The protein also functions as a type 1 membrane immune receptor that mediates the endocytosis of glycoproteins by macrophages.[1] The structure of these proteins allows it to bind to high mannose structures on the surface of potentially pathogenic viruses, bacteria, and fungi so that they can be engulfed by the cell.[1]
Mannose receptors have been researched as a target for vaccines.[2]
Contents
- 1 Types
- 2 Function
- 3 See also
- 4 References
- 5 External links
|
Types
Humans express two types of mannose receptors, each encoded by its own gene:
Gene |
Protein |
Aliases |
MRC1 |
Macrophage mannose receptor 1 |
C-type mannose receptor 1,
C-type lectin domain family 13 member D (CLEC13D),
CD206, MMR |
MRC2 |
Macrophage mannose receptor 2 |
C-type mannose receptor 2,
Urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor-associated protein,
CD280 |
The MRC1 gene is in close proximity to MRC1L1 and has a gene loci that includes the gene, MRC1L1, as well as LOC340843 and LOC340893.[1] The gene also consist of nearly two identical regions, some think that they are duplicated regions.[1] Recombinant proteins produced in yeast may be subject to increased addition of mannose, in patterns different from those of a human cell.[3] Dendritic cells of the immune system possess a mannose receptor that enables them to take up mannosylated proteins, and utilize fragments of them for antigen presentation.[4]
Function
The macrophage mannose receptor also interacts with HIV proteins. These interactions affect the gp120 and its ability to bind to the B cells through MRC1 receptors and an increase production of matrix mannose receptors.[1] The protein, Nef interacts with MRC1 by down regulating the receptors on the surface of macrophages and dendritic cells. The tat protein represses the transcription of MRC1 promoters by down regulating the expression of MRC1.[1] All of these proteins interact with MRC1 so that the virus can continue to spread and more research is being conducted trying to understand how stop these interactions from occurring.
More is going to be understood of this gene as more research is done looking at using it to fight tumor growth and HIV.
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e f g "MRC1 mannose receptor, C type 1 [Homo sapiens"]. Entrez Gene. National Center for Biotechnology Information. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/4360.
- ^ Keler T, Ramakrishna V, Fanger M (2004). "Mannose receptor-targeted vaccines". Expert Opin Biol Ther 4 (12): 1953–62. doi:10.1517/14712598.4.12.1953. PMID 15571457.
- ^ Vlahopoulos S, Gritzapis AD, Perez SA, Cacoullos N, Papamichail M, Baxevanis CN (July 2009). "Mannose addition by yeast Pichia Pastoris on recombinant HER-2 protein inhibits recognition by the monoclonal antibody herceptin". Vaccine 27 (34): 4704–8. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.05.063. PMID 19520203.
- ^ Shimizu K, Fujii S (2008). "An adjuvant role of in situ dendritic cells (DCs) in linking innate and adaptive immunity". Front. Biosci. 13: 6193–201. PMID 18508653. http://www.bioscience.org/2008/v13/af/3147/fulltext.htm.
External links
- mannose+receptor at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
- http://users.path.ox.ac.uk/~cholt/sgMMR.html
Protein: lectins
|
|
Animal |
C-type lectins
|
- Asialoglycoprotein receptor
- KLRD1
- Collectin
- Mannose receptor
- proteochondroitin sulfate
- Aggrecan
- Versican
- Brevican
- Neurocan
|
|
Other
|
- Calnexin
- Calreticulin
- CD22
- CD33
- Galectin
- Myelin-associated glycoprotein
- N-Acetylglucosamine receptor
- Selectin
- Sialoadhesin
|
|
|
Plant |
- Abrin
- Ricin
- Mitogens
- Concanavalin A
- Phytohaemagglutinin
- Pokeweed mitogen
- Legume lectin
- BanLec
|
|
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- The impact of surface chemistry modification on macrophage polarisation.
- Rostam HM1, Singh S1, Salazar F1, Magennis P2, Hook A2, Singh T2, Vrana NE3, Alexander MR2, Ghaemmaghami AM4.
- Immunobiology.Immunobiology.2016 Nov;221(11):1237-46. doi: 10.1016/j.imbio.2016.06.010. Epub 2016 Jun 14.
- Macrophages are innate immune cells that have a central role in combating infection and maintaining tissue homeostasis. They exhibit remarkable plasticity in response to environmental cues. At either end of a broad activation spectrum are pro-inflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) macrophages
- PMID 27349596
- Emerging roles of protein mannosylation in inflammation and infection.
- Loke I1, Kolarich D2, Packer NH1, Thaysen-Andersen M3.
- Molecular aspects of medicine.Mol Aspects Med.2016 Oct;51:31-55. doi: 10.1016/j.mam.2016.04.004. Epub 2016 Apr 13.
- Proteins are frequently modified by complex carbohydrates (glycans) that play central roles in maintaining the structural and functional integrity of cells and tissues in humans and lower organisms. Mannose forms an essential building block of protein glycosylation, and its functional involvement as
- PMID 27086127
Japanese Journal
- Recent progress in development of transgenic silkworms overexpressing recombinant human proteins with therapeutic potential in silk glands
- Faster in vivo clearance of human embryonic kidney than Chinese hamster ovary cell derived protein : Role of glycan mediated clearance(ENZYMOLOGY, PROTEIN ENGINEERING, AND ENZYME TECHNOLOGY)
Related Links
- The mannose receptor represents a paradigm for the involvement of C-type lectins in clearance of circulating glycoproteins. The role of glycan-binding receptors as tags for uptake and turnover was one of the first established functions ...
- Abstract The MR is a highly effective endocytic receptor with a broad binding specificity encompassing ligands of microbial and endogenous origin and a poorly characterized ability to modulate cellular activation. This ...
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- facultative intracellular parasite
- 関
- リステリア・モノサイトゲネス、細胞内寄生菌
臨床関連
-
[★]
マンノース
- 関
- D-mannose