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Phospholipase cleavage sites. Note that an enzyme that displays both PLA1 and PLA2 activities is called a Phospholipase B.

A phospholipase is an enzyme that hydrolyzes phospholipids^[1] into fatty acids and other lipophilic substances. There are four major classes, termed A, B, C and D, distinguished by the type of reaction which they catalyze:

Phospholipase A
- Phospholipase A1 - cleaves the SN-1 acyl chain.
- Phospholipase A2 - cleaves the SN-2 acyl chain, releasing arachidonic acid.
Phospholipase B - cleaves both SN-1 and SN-2 acyl chains; this enzyme is also known as a lysophospholipase.
Phospholipase C - cleaves before the phosphate, releasing diacylglycerol and a phosphate-containing head group. Phospholipase Cs play a central role in signal transduction, releasing the second messenger inositol triphosphate.
Phospholipase D - cleaves after the phosphate, releasing phosphatidic acid and an alcohol.

Types C and D are considered phosphodiesterases.

Phospholipase A2 acts on the intact lecithin molecule and hydrolyses the fatty acid esterified to the second carbon atom. The resulting products are lysolecithin and a fatty acid. Phospholipase A2 is an enzyme present in the venom of bees and viper snakes.^[2]

References

^ "phospholipase" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
^ D. M. Vasudevan & S. Sreekumari, Textbook of Biochemistry (5th ed.)

External links

Phospholipases at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

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Related Pictures

ホスホリパーゼA2 - Phospholipase A2 - JapaneseClass.jp chem3513-2007 / Phospholipase Inhibitors Enzyme Manual: Phospholipase A2 Arthropod phospholipase D family ~ VenomZone page Phospholipases a2; Lecithinase A2 Phospholipases A; lecithinase a; phosphatidase; phosphatidolipase; phosphatidylcholine Phospholipase D; Choline phosphatase; Lécithinase D; Lipophosphodiestérase II

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リンク元	「PL」
拡張検索	「phosphoinositide phospholipase C」「type C phospholipase」「group II phospholipase A2」「group V phospholipase A2」