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small room in which a monk or nun lives (同)cubicle
a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction (同)electric cell
a room where a prisoner is kept (同)jail cell, prison cell
(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
any small compartment; "the cells of a honeycomb"
a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement (同)cadre
the 9th letter of the Roman alphabet (同)i

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(刑務所の)『独房』;(修道院の)小さい独居室 / (ミツバチの)みつ房,巣穴 / 小さい部屋 / 『細胞』 / 電池 / 花粉室 / (共産党などの)細胞
『私は』私が
iodineの化学記号

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/11/17 00:42:03」(JST)

wiki en

Hepatic stellate cells (here HSC), also known as perisinusoidal cells or Ito cells (earlier lipocytes or fat-storing cells), are pericytes found in the perisinusoidal space (a small area between the sinusoids and hepatocytes) of the liver also known as the space of Disse. The stellate cell is the major cell type involved in liver fibrosis, which is the formation of scar tissue in response to liver damage.

Staining

Hepatic stellate cells can be selectively stained with gold chloride^{[disambiguation needed]}, but their distinguishing feature in routine histological preparations is the presence of multiple lipid droplets in their cytoplasm.^[1] Cytoglobin expression has been shown to be a specific marker with which hepatic stellate cells can be distinguished from portal myofibroblasts in the damaged human liver.^[2] In murine liver, Reelin expressed by Ito cells has been shown to be a reliable marker in discerning them from other myofibroblasts.^[3] The expression of reelin is increased after liver injury.

Function

In normal liver, stellate cells are described as being in a quiescent state. Quiescent stellate cells represent 5-8% of the total number of liver cells.^[4] Each cell has several long protrusions that extend from the cell body and wrap around the sinusoids. The lipid droplets in the cell body store vitamin A as retinol ester. The function and role of quiescent hepatic stellate cells is unclear. Recent evidence suggests a role as a liver-resident antigen-presenting cell, presenting lipid antigens to and stimulating proliferation of NKT cells.^[5]

When the liver is damaged, stellate cells can change into an activated state. The activated stellate cell is characterized by proliferation, contractility, and chemotaxis. The amount of stored vitamin A decreases progressively in liver injury.^[1] The activated stellate cell is also responsible for secreting collagen scar tissue, which can lead to cirrhosis.^[6] More recent studies have also shown that in vivo activation of hepatic stellate cells by agents causing liver fibrosis can eventually lead to senescence of these cells, marked by increased SA-beta-galactosidase staining, as well as p53 accumulation and activation of Rb–hallmarks of cellular senescence. The senescent hepatic stellate cells have been demonstrated to limit liver fibrosis by activating the immune system by activating interactions with the NK cells.^[7]

Eponym

The cells of Ito were named for Toshio Ito, a twentieth-century Japanese physician.^[8]

References

^ ^a ^b Stanciu A, Cotutiu C, Amalinei C (2002). "New data about ITO cells". Rev Med Chir Soc Med Nat Iasi 107 (2): 235–239. PMID 12638266.
^ Motoyama H (Feb 2014). "Cytoglobin is expressed in hepatic stellate cells, but not in myofibroblasts, in normal and fibrotic human liver.". Lab Invest. 94 (2): 192–207. doi:10.1038/labinvest.2013.135. PMID 24296877.
^ Kobold D, Grundmann A, Piscaglia F, Eisenbach C, Neubauer K, Steffgen J, Ramadori G, Knittel T. (2002). "Expression of reelin in hepatic stellate cells and during hepatic tissue repair: a novel marker for the differentiation of HSC from other liver myofibroblasts". J Hepatol 36 (5): 607–13. doi:10.1016/S0168-8278(02)00050-8. PMID 11983443.
^ Geerts A (2001). "History, heterogeneity, developmental biology, and functions of quiescent hepatic stellate cells". Semin Liver Dis 21 (3): 311–35. doi:10.1055/s-2001-17550. PMID 11586463.
^ Winau F, Hegasy G, Weiskirchen R, et al. (January 2007). "Ito cells are liver-resident antigen-presenting cells for activating T cell responses" 26 (1). pp. 117–29. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2006.11.011. PMID 17239632.
^ "mesenchymal stem cell treatments for ischemic kidney disease". Retrieved 2012-08-07.
^ Krizhanovsky V, Yon M, Dickins RA, et al. (August 2008). "Senescence of activated stellate cells limits liver fibrosis" 134 (4). pp. 657–67. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2008.06.049. PMC 3073300. PMID 18724938.
^ Suematsu M, Aiso S (2001). "Professor Toshio Ito: a clairvoyant in pericyte biology" (PDF). The Keio Journal of Medicine 50 (2): 66–71. PMID 11450594.

External links

MedEd at Loyola orfpath/murali2.htm
Liver Research at AU-KBC Stellate cell biology

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Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「星細胞」「伊東細胞」
関連記事	「I」「cell」

「星細胞」

Hepatic stellate cell
	Schematic presentation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) located in the vicinity of adjacent hepatocytes (PC) beneath the sinusoidal endothelial cells (EC). S – liver sinusoids; KC – Kupffer cells. Down left shows cultured HSC at light-microscopy, whereas at down right electron microscopy (EM) illustrates numerous fat vacuoles (L) in a HSC, in which retinoids are stored.
	Basic liver structure
Details
Latin	cellula perisinusoidalis; cellula accumulans adipem
Identifiers
Code	TH H3.04.05.0.00013
	Anatomical terminology

　　[★]

英: stellate cell
同: 脂肪摂取細胞 fat-storing cells、伊東細胞 Ito cell、肝星細胞 hepatic stellate cell、介在細胞 interstitial cell、類洞周囲脂質細胞 perisinusoidal lipocyte、リポサイト lipocyte、ビタミンA貯蔵細胞 vitamin A storing cell
関: ディッセ腔、肝実質細胞、クッパー細胞、類洞周囲腔

[show details]

肝星細胞 : 約 34,600 件
星細胞 : 約 26,300 件
伊東細胞 : 約 3,640 件
脂肪摂取細胞 : 約 464 件
介在細胞 : 約 5,490 件
類洞周囲脂質細胞 : 19 件
リポサイト : 60 件
ビタミンA貯蔵細胞 : 71 件

概念

肝臓のディッセ腔に局在(肝臓実質細胞と類洞内皮細胞の間)

機能

ビタミンAの貯蔵：ビタミンAの恒常性に関与
線維化への関与：肝硬変などで線維芽細胞・筋線維芽細胞のような細胞に変化してコラーゲンなどの細胞外基質を分泌

「伊東細胞」

　　[★]

英: Ito cell
関: 肝臓星細胞

「I」

　　[★]

「cell」

　　[★] 細胞　　　　　　　

[Stanciu-1] Stanciu A, Cotutiu C, Amalinei C (2002). "New data about ITO cells". Rev Med Chir Soc Med Nat Iasi 107 (2): 235–239. PMID 12638266.

[pmid_.3D_24296877-2] Motoyama H (Feb 2014). "Cytoglobin is expressed in hepatic stellate cells, but not in myofibroblasts, in normal and fibrotic human liver.". Lab Invest. 94 (2): 192–207. doi:10.1038/labinvest.2013.135. PMID 24296877.

[3] Kobold D, Grundmann A, Piscaglia F, Eisenbach C, Neubauer K, Steffgen J, Ramadori G, Knittel T. (2002). "Expression of reelin in hepatic stellate cells and during hepatic tissue repair: a novel marker for the differentiation of HSC from other liver myofibroblasts". J Hepatol 36 (5): 607–13. doi:10.1016/S0168-8278(02)00050-8. PMID 11983443.

[4] Geerts A (2001). "History, heterogeneity, developmental biology, and functions of quiescent hepatic stellate cells". Semin Liver Dis 21 (3): 311–35. doi:10.1055/s-2001-17550. PMID 11586463.

[Kaufmann-5] Winau F, Hegasy G, Weiskirchen R, et al. (January 2007). "Ito cells are liver-resident antigen-presenting cells for activating T cell responses" 26 (1). pp. 117–29. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2006.11.011. PMID 17239632.

[6] "mesenchymal stem cell treatments for ischemic kidney disease". Retrieved 2012-08-07.

[Krizhanovsky-7] Krizhanovsky V, Yon M, Dickins RA, et al. (August 2008). "Senescence of activated stellate cells limits liver fibrosis" 134 (4). pp. 657–67. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2008.06.049. PMC 3073300. PMID 18724938.

[8] Suematsu M, Aiso S (2001). "Professor Toshio Ito: a clairvoyant in pericyte biology" (PDF). The Keio Journal of Medicine 50 (2): 66–71. PMID 11450594.

匿名

検索

案内

案内

Ito cell