WordNet

mark with a spot or spots so as to allow easy recognition; "spot the areas that one should clearly identify"
a small piece or quantity of something; "a spot of tea"; "a bit of paper"; "a bit of lint"; "I gave him a bit of my mind" (同)bit
a small contrasting part of something; "a bald spot"; "a leopards spots"; "a patch of clouds"; "patches of thin ice"; "a fleck of red" (同)speckle, dapple, patch, fleck, maculation
a business establishment for entertainment; "night spot"
a playing card with a specified number of pips on it to indicate its value; "an eight-spot"
a mark on a die or on a playing card (shape depending on the suit) (同)pip
a section of an entertainment that is assigned to a specific performer or performance; "they changed his spot on the program"
a short section or illustration (as between radio or tv programs or in a magazine) that is often used for advertising
make a spot or mark onto; "The wine spotted the tablecloth" (同)fleck, blob, blot
detect with the senses; "The fleeing convicts were picked out of the darkness by the watchful prison guards"; "I cant make out the faces in this photograph" (同)recognize, recognise, distinguish, discern, pick out, make_out, tell apart
become spotted; "This dress spots quickly"

PrepTutorEJDIC

『斑点』(はんてん),まだら,ぶち;(太陽の)黒点 / 『しみ』,よごれ;吹出物,にきび / (…に対する)汚名,汚点《+『on』+『名』》 / 『場所』,地点;部分,箇所 / (順序・組織における)位置;立場,おかれた状況 / 《a spot》《英話》(…の)少量,ちょっぴり(の…);(…の)1杯《+『of』+『名』》 / (ラジオ・テレビ番組の)構成区分 / …‘を'『しみで汚す』,‘に'汚れをつける;…‘に'斑点(はんてん)をつける,‘を'まだら(ぶち)にする;( …で)…‘に'しみ(斑点)をつける《+『名』+『with』+『名』》 / 〈人格・名声など〉‘を'汚す,傷つける / (特定の場所に)…‘を'置く,配置する / …‘を'見つける;(…だと)…‘を'見抜く《+『名』+『as』(『for』)+『名』》 / 〈インクなどが〉『しみになる』;〈布などが〉汚れる / 即座になされる,即時払いの(引き渡しの) / 現場での,現地の / (ラジオ・テレビで)番組の間に放送される / ちょうど,ぴったり(exactly)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/06/12 19:53:33」(JST)

wiki en

Fordyce spots (also termed Fordyce granules^[1] or Fordyce disease)^[1]^[2] are visible sebaceous glands that are present in most individuals. They appear on the genitals and/or on the face and in the mouth. They appear as small, painless, raised, pale, red or white spots or bumps 1 to 3 mm in diameter that may appear on the scrotum, shaft of the penis or on the labia, as well as the inner surface (retromolar mucosa) and vermilion border of the lips of the face. They are not associated with any disease or illness, nor are they infectious but rather they represent a natural occurrence on the body. No treatment is therefore required, unless the individual has cosmetic concerns. Persons with this condition sometimes consult a dermatologist because they are worried they may have a sexually transmitted disease (especially genital warts) or some form of cancer.^[3]

Classification

Sebaceous glands are normal structures of the skin but may also be found ectopically in the mouth, where they are referred to as oral Fordyce granules or ectopic sebaceous glands. On the foreskin they are called Tyson's glands,^[4] not to be confused with hirsuties coronae glandis.^[5]

When they appear on the penis, they are also called penile sebaceous glands.^[6]

When seen as a streak of individual glands along the interface between the skin of the lip and the vermilion border, the terms Fox–Fordyce disease and Fordyce's condition have been used.^{[citation needed]}

Description

On the shaft of the penis, Fordyce spots are more visible when the skin is stretched, and may only be noticeable during an erection.^[6] The spots can also appear on the skin of the scrotum.^[6]

Oral Fordyce granules appear as rice-like granules, white or yellow-white in color. They are painless papules (small bumps), about 1–3 mm in greatest dimension. The most common site is along the line between the vermilion border and the oral mucosa of the upper lip, or on the buccal mucosa (inside the cheeks) in the commissural region,^[1] often bilaterally. They may also occur on the mandibular retromolar pad and tonsillar areas, but any oral surface may be involved. There is no surrounding mucosal change. Some patients will have hundreds of granules while most have only one or two.

Occasionally, several adjacent glands will coalesce into a larger cauliflower-like cluster similar to sebaceous hyperplasia of the skin. In such an instance, it may be difficult to determine whether or not to diagnose the lesion as sebaceous hyperplasia or sebaceous adenoma. The distinction may be moot because both entities have the same treatment, although the adenoma has a greater growth potential. Sebaceous carcinoma of the oral cavity has been reported, presumably arising from Fordyce granules or hyperplastic foci of sebaceous glands.

In some persons with Fordyce spots, the glands express a thick, chalky discharge when squeezed.^[6]

Causes

Normally, sebaceous glands are only found in association with a hair follicle.

They appear to be more obvious in people with greasy skin types, with some rheumatic disorders, and in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer.^[1] In the latter, the most common site for Fordyce spots is the lower gingiva (gums) and vestibular mucosa.^[1]

Diagnosis

Large numbers of lobules coalescing into a definitely elevated mass may be called benign sebaceous hyperplasia, and occasional small keratin-filled pseudocysts may be seen and must be differentiated from epidermoid cyst or dermoid cyst with sebaceous adnexa. The pathologist must be careful to differentiate such lesions from salivary neoplasms with sebaceous cells, such as sebaceous lymphadenoma and sebaceous adenoma, and their malignant counterparts sebaceous lymphadenocarcinoma and sebaceous carcinoma.

Oral Fordyce granules are usually not biopsied because they are readily diagnosed clinically, but they are often seen as incidental findings of mucosal biopsies of the buccal, labial and retromolar mucosa. The granules are similar to normal sebaceous glands of the skin but lack hair follicles and almost always lack a ductal communication with the surface. The glands are located just beneath the overlying epithelium and often produce a local elevation of the epithelium. Individual sebaceous cells are large, with central dark nuclei and abundant foamy cytoplasm. The surrounding stroma may contain occasional chronic inflammatory cells because of trauma with adjacent teeth.

Prognosis

Fordyce spots are completely benign^[1] and require no treatment. Often their presence is considered normal anatomic variance rather than a true medical condition.

Treatment

Most doctors consider this a normal physiological phenomenon and advise against treatment.^[7]

Epidemiology

This variation of normal anatomy is seen in the majority of adults. It is estimated about 80% of people have oral Fordyce spots,^[1] but seldom are granules found in large numbers. They are not usually visible in children, and tend to appear at about age 3, then increasing during puberty and become more obvious in later adulthood.^[1] They are more prominent in males.^[1]

History

They are named after an American dermatologist, John Addison Fordyce.^[8]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Scully C (2013). Oral and maxillofacial medicine : the basis of diagnosis and treatment (3rd ed.). Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. pp. 170, 392. ISBN 978-0-7020-4948-4.
^ James, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2005). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology. (10th ed.). Saunders. ISBN 0-7216-2921-0.^{[page needed]}
^ Palo Alto Medical Foundation Bettina McAdoo , M.D. Retrieved June 24, 2006.
^ derm/395 at eMedicine
^ Khoo LS, Cheong WK (July 1995). "Common genital dermatoses in male patients attending a public sexually transmitted disease clinic aka(DC) in Singapore". Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore. 24 (4): 505–9. PMID 8849177.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Rane V, Read T (May 2013). "Penile appearance, lumps and bumps". Australian Family Physician. 42 (5): 270–4. PMID 23781523.
^ Nordqvist, Christian (February 27, 2013). "What Are Fordyce Spots? What Causes Fordyce Spots?". Medical News Today.
^ Fordyce first described this condition in 1896.synd/1510 at Who Named It?

External links

DermAtlas: Fordyce spots

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Successful treatment of scrotal angiokeratomas (Fordyce type) with small-spot narrow-band intense pulsed light.

Ichikawa R1, Furue M.
Dermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.].Dermatol Surg.2013 Oct;39(10):1547-8. doi: 10.1111/dsu.12282. Epub 2013 Jul 29.
PMID 23895309

Angiokeratoma of the scrotum: a case of scrotal bleeding.

Trickett R1, Dowd H.Author information 1University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK. ryan@trickett00.fsnet.co.ukAbstractA 26-year-old man presented to the emergency department after a spontaneous 30 min bleed from his scrotal skin. He showed no other symptoms and denied any past medical history. He was exclusively sexually active, systemically well and haemodynamically stable. There were numerous (>50) 1-2 mm dark red, erythematous papules over the scrotum, sparing the shaft of penis, inner thigh and abdomen. A small area of blood marked the bleeding spot as a single papule. A diagnosis of angiokeratoma of the scrotum (Fordyce) was made and potential precipitants such as intra-abdominal masses, urinary tract tumours, varicoceles, hernias and angiokeratoma corporis diffusum (Fabry syndrome) were excluded. He was discharged with dermatology follow-up with a view to local laser treatment. The important differential diagnoses are angiokeratoma corporis diffusum and malignant melanoma (nodular type). In females, Fordyce angiokeratoma are distributed on labia majora.
Emergency medicine journal : EMJ.Emerg Med J.2006 Oct;23(10):e57.
A 26-year-old man presented to the emergency department after a spontaneous 30 min bleed from his scrotal skin. He showed no other symptoms and denied any past medical history. He was exclusively sexually active, systemically well and haemodynamically stable. There were numerous (>50) 1-2 mm dark
PMID 16988295

Treatment of Fordyce spots with CO2 laser.

Ocampo-Candiani J1, Villarreal-Rodríguez A, Quiñones-Fernández AG, Herz-Ruelas ME, Ruíz-Esparza J.Author information 1Medipiel Centros Dermatológicos, Monterrey, NL, México. jocampo2000@yahoo.com.mxAbstractBACKGROUND: Fordyce spots are heterotopic sebaceous glands that can be located at the lips' vermilion or the oral mucosa. Although this is considered a rather common disorder, a treatment for this condition that sometimes affects patients from only a cosmetic viewpoint has not yet been described.
Dermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.].Dermatol Surg.2003 Aug;29(8):869-71.
BACKGROUND: Fordyce spots are heterotopic sebaceous glands that can be located at the lips' vermilion or the oral mucosa. Although this is considered a rather common disorder, a treatment for this condition that sometimes affects patients from only a cosmetic viewpoint has not yet been described.OBJ
PMID 12859392