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1. 低形成腎renal hypodysplasia [show details]
…hypoparathyroidism, sensorineural deafness, and renal malformations including renal hypodysplasia, renal agenesis, and vesicoureteral reflux. Penetrance of these renal malformations is variable . Haploinsufficiency …
2. 腎無形成：出生前診断renal agenesis prenatal diagnosis [show details]
…true renal agenesis or it may be secondary to early involution of a nonfunctioning multicystic dysplastic, dysplastic, or hypoplastic kidney . True renal agenesis (and many other renal malformations) occurs …
3. 小児における腎嚢胞性疾患renal cystic diseases in children [show details]
…different forms of pediatric renal cystic disease will be reviewed here. Cystic renal dysplasia, defined by microscopic features, is due to renal parenchymal malformation of the fetal kidney. As a result …
4. 嚢胞性腎疾患の胎児超音波診断prenatal sonographic diagnosis of cystic renal disease [show details]
…involved in approximately half of the patients with autosomal-dominant renal-coloboma syndrome characterized by ocular and renal malformations. Uroplakins are cell membrane proteins distributed in the apical …
5. 先天性腎尿路異常（CAKUT）の概要overview of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract cakut [show details]
…finding (24 percent of patients) . Extra-renal malformations were also found in approximately one-third of patients. Nonrenal-associated anomalies include malformations of the heart, genitals, bone/skeleton …