腫瘍壊死因子β
- 関
- lymphotoxin、lymphotoxin-alpha
WordNet
- to remain unmolested, undisturbed, or uninterrupted -- used only in infinitive form; "let her be"
- work in a specific place, with a specific subject, or in a specific function; "He is a herpetologist"; "She is our resident philosopher" (同)follow
- have life, be alive; "Our great leader is no more"; "My grandfather lived until the end of war" (同)live
- be identical to; be someone or something; "The president of the company is John Smith"; "This is my house"
- happen, occur, take place; "I lost my wallet; this was during the visit to my parents house"; "There were two hundred people at his funeral"; "There was a lot of noise in the kitchen"
- have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun); "John is rich"; "This is not a good answer"
- occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere; "Where is my umbrella?" "The toolshed is in the back"; "What is behind this behavior?"
- spend or use time; "I may be an hour"
- be a contributing factor; "make things factor into a companys profitability"
- any of the numbers (or symbols) that form a product when multiplied together
- an independent variable in statistics
- anything that contributes causally to a result; "a number of factors determined the outcome"
- consider as relevant when making a decision; "You must factor in the recent developments" (同)factor in, factor out
- resolve into factors; "a quantum computer can factor the number 15" (同)factor in, factor out
- an event known to have happened or something known to have existed; "your fears have no basis in fact"; "how much of the story is fact and how much fiction is hard to tell"
- a concept whose truth can be proved; "scientific hypotheses are not facts"
- a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred; "first you must collect all the facts of the case"
- a statement or assertion of verified information about something that is the case or has happened; "he supported his argument with an impressive array of facts"
- stake on the outcome of an issue; "I bet $100 on that new horse"; "She played all her money on the dark horse" (同)wager, play
- the act of gambling; "he did it on a bet" (同)wager
- maintain with or as if with a bet; "I bet she will be there!" (同)wager
- second in order of importance; "the candidate, considered a beta male, was perceived to be unable to lead his party to victory"
- the 2nd letter of the Greek alphabet
- preliminary or testing stage of a software or hardware product; "a beta version"; "beta software"
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 《連結語として補語を伴なって…『である』,…だ,…です / 《位置・場所を表す語句を伴って》(…に)『ある』,いる(occupy a place or situation) / 〈物事が〉『存在する』,ある(exist);〈生物が〉生存する,生きている(live) / 行われる,起こる,発生する(take place, occur) / 存続する,そのままでいる(remain as before) / 《『be to』 do》 / …する予定である,…することになっている / …すべきだ / 《受動態の不定詞を伴って》…できる / 《命令》…するのだ / 《条件節に》…する意図がある / 《『if…were to』 do》…するとしたなら / 《『be』 do『ing』》《進行形》 / 《進行中の動作》…している,しつつある / 《近い未来》…しようとしている,するつもり / 《動作の反復》(いつも)…している / 《『be』+『他動詞の過去分詞』》《受動態》…される,されている / 《『be』+『自動詞の過去分詞』》《完了形》…した[状態にある]
- (…の)『要因』,(…を生み出す)要素《+『in』+『名』(do『ing』)》 / 囲数,約数 / 代理人,《おもに英》仲買人 / =factorize
- 〈C〉『事実』,実際にある(あった)事 / 〈U〉真相,真実(truth) / 《the~》(法律用語で)犯行
- 『かけ』・(…との)かけ《+『with』+『名』》 / かけた物(金) / かけの対象 / 〈金・物〉'を'『かける』 / (かけ事・ゲームなどで)〈人〉‘と'『かけをする』《+『名』〈人〉+『on』+『名』》 / (…に)『かける』《+『on』(『against』)+『名』(one's do『ing』)》
- ベータ(ギリシア語アルファベットの第2文字;B,β;英語のB,b に遭当)
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2015/12/09 01:07:48」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
Lymphotoxin alpha |
PDB rendering based on 1tnr.
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Available structures |
PDB |
Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB |
List of PDB id codes |
1TNR, 4MXV, 4MXW
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Identifiers |
Symbols |
LTA ; LT; TNFB; TNFSF1 |
External IDs |
OMIM: 153440 MGI: 104797 HomoloGene: 497 ChEMBL: 2059 GeneCards: LTA Gene |
Gene ontology |
Molecular function |
• receptor binding
• cytokine activity
• tumor necrosis factor receptor binding
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Cellular component |
• extracellular space
• membrane
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Biological process |
• response to hypoxia
• positive regulation of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
• positive regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin
• apoptotic process
• humoral immune response
• signal transduction
• cell-cell signaling
• response to nutrient
• response to lipopolysaccharide
• positive regulation of interferon-gamma production
• response to drug
• positive regulation of apoptotic process
• negative regulation of growth of symbiont in host
• negative regulation of fibroblast proliferation
• lymph node development
• defense response to Gram-positive bacterium
• positive regulation of glial cell proliferation
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Sources: Amigo / QuickGO |
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RNA expression pattern |
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More reference expression data |
Orthologs |
Species |
Human |
Mouse |
Entrez |
4049 |
16992 |
Ensembl |
ENSG00000173503 |
ENSMUSG00000024402 |
UniProt |
P01374 |
P09225 |
RefSeq (mRNA) |
NM_000595 |
NM_010735 |
RefSeq (protein) |
NP_000586 |
NP_034865 |
Location (UCSC) |
Chr 6:
31.57 – 31.57 Mb |
Chr 17:
35.2 – 35.21 Mb |
PubMed search |
[1] |
[2] |
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Lymphotoxin-alpha (LT-alpha) or Tumor necrosis factor-beta (TNF-β) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LTA gene.[1][2]
Contents
- 1 Function
- 2 Interactions
- 3 See also
- 4 References
- 5 Further reading
Function
Lymphotoxin alpha, a member of the tumor necrosis factor family, is a cytokine produced by lymphocytes. LTA is highly inducible, secreted, and exists as homotrimeric molecule. LTA forms heterotrimers with lymphotoxin-beta, which anchors lymphotoxin-alpha to the cell surface. LTA mediates a large variety of inflammatory, immunostimulatory, and antiviral responses. LTA is also involved in the formation of secondary lymphoid organs during development and plays a role in apoptosis.[3]
In LTα knockout mice, all Peyer's patches and lymph nodes will fail to develop indicating LTα's importance in immunological development.[4]
Interactions
Lymphotoxin alpha has been shown to interact with LTB.[5][6][7]
See also
References
- ^ Nedwin GE, Naylor SL, Sakaguchi AY, Smith D, Jarrett-Nedwin J, Pennica D, Goeddel DV, Gray PW (Sep 1985). "Human lymphotoxin and tumor necrosis factor genes: structure, homology and chromosomal localization". Nucleic Acids Research 13 (17): 6361–73. doi:10.1093/nar/13.17.6361. PMC 321958. PMID 2995927.
- ^ Aggarwal BB, Eessalu TE, Hass PE (February 1986). "Characterization of receptors for human tumour necrosis factor and their regulation by gamma-interferon". Nature 318 (6047): 665–7. doi:10.1038/318665a0. PMID 3001529.
- ^ "Entrez Gene: LTA lymphotoxin alpha (TNF superfamily, member 1)".
- ^ Akirav, Eitan; Liao, Shan; Ruddle, Nancy (2008). "Chapter 2: Lymphoid Tissues and Organs". In Paul, William. Fundamental Immunology (Book) (6th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 27–55. ISBN 0-7817-6519-6.
- ^ Williams-Abbott L, Walter BN, Cheung TC, Goh CR, Porter AG, Ware CF (Aug 1997). "The lymphotoxin-alpha (LTalpha) subunit is essential for the assembly, but not for the receptor specificity, of the membrane-anchored LTalpha1beta2 heterotrimeric ligand". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 272 (31): 19451–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.31.19451. PMID 9235946.
- ^ Browning JL, Sizing ID, Lawton P, Bourdon PR, Rennert PD, Majeau GR, Ambrose CM, Hession C, Miatkowski K, Griffiths DA, Ngam-ek A, Meier W, Benjamin CD, Hochman PS (Oct 1997). "Characterization of lymphotoxin-alpha beta complexes on the surface of mouse lymphocytes". Journal of Immunology 159 (7): 3288–98. PMID 9317127.
- ^ Browning JL, Dougas I, Ngam-ek A, Bourdon PR, Ehrenfels BN, Miatkowski K, Zafari M, Yampaglia AM, Lawton P, Meier W (Jan 1995). "Characterization of surface lymphotoxin forms. Use of specific monoclonal antibodies and soluble receptors". Journal of Immunology 154 (1): 33–46. PMID 7995952.
Further reading
- Körner H, Sedgwick JD (Oct 1996). "Tumour necrosis factor and lymphotoxin: molecular aspects and role in tissue-specific autoimmunity". Immunology and Cell Biology 74 (5): 465–72. doi:10.1038/icb.1996.77. PMID 8912010.
- Wang Q (May 2005). "Molecular genetics of coronary artery disease". Current Opinion in Cardiology 20 (3): 182–8. doi:10.1097/01.hco.0000160373.77190.f1. PMC 1579824. PMID 15861005.
- Copeland KF (Dec 2005). "Modulation of HIV-1 transcription by cytokines and chemokines". Mini Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry 5 (12): 1093–101. doi:10.2174/138955705774933383. PMID 16375755.
- Elewaut D, Ware CF (Apr 2007). "The unconventional role of LT alpha beta in T cell differentiation". Trends in Immunology 28 (4): 169–75. doi:10.1016/j.it.2007.02.005. PMID 17336158.
PDB gallery
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1tnr: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE SOLUBLE HUMAN 55 KD TNF RECEPTOR-HUMAN TNF-BETA COMPLEX: IMPLICATIONS FOR TNF RECEPTOR ACTIVATION
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Cell signaling: cytokines
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By family |
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By function/
cell |
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Index of signal transduction
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Description |
- Intercellular
- neuropeptides
- growth factors
- cytokines
- hormones
- Cell surface receptors
- ligand-gated
- enzyme-linked
- G protein-coupled
- immunoglobulin superfamily
- integrins
- neuropeptide
- growth factor
- cytokine
- Intracellular
- adaptor proteins
- GTP-binding
- MAP kinase
- Calcium signaling
- Lipid signaling
- Pathways
- hedgehog
- Wnt
- TGF beta
- MAPK ERK
- notch
- JAK-STAT
- apoptosis
- hippo
- TLR
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide inhibits PDGF-BB-induced inflammation and ROS production in human mesangial cells.
- Wang Y1, Wang Y2, Liu D2, Wang W2, Zhao H2, Wang M2, Yin H3.
- Carbohydrate polymers.Carbohydr Polym.2015 Jul 10;125:135-45. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.02.012. Epub 2015 Feb 19.
- CPS-F, a polysaccharide derived from Cordyceps sinensis, is a potential anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative agent. We demonstrated that CPS-F not only inhibits platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB)-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and up-regulation of tumor necr
- PMID 25857968
- C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein-6 attenuates post-infarct cardiac fibrosis by targeting RhoA/MRTF-A pathway and inhibiting myofibroblast differentiation.
- Lei H1, Wu D, Wang JY, Li L, Zhang CL, Feng H, Fu FY, Wu LL.
- Basic research in cardiology.Basic Res Cardiol.2015 Jul;110(4):492. doi: 10.1007/s00395-015-0492-7. Epub 2015 May 12.
- C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein-6 (CTRP6) is a newly identified adiponectin paralog with modulation effects on metabolism and inflammation. However, the cardiovascular function of CTRP6 remains unknown. This study aimed to determine its role in cardiac fibrosis and explore the possible mec
- PMID 25962701
- TNF-related weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) regulates junctional proteins in tubular epithelial cells via canonical NF-κB pathway and ERK activation.
- Berzal S1, González-Guerrero C, Rayego-Mateos S, Ucero Á, Ocaña-Salceda C, Egido J, Ortiz A, Ruiz-Ortega M, Ramos AM.
- Journal of cellular physiology.J Cell Physiol.2015 Jul;230(7):1580-93. doi: 10.1002/jcp.24905.
- The tubular epithelium may be intrinsically involved in promoting kidney injury by junctional instability, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and extracellular matrix remodelling. In this work, we investigated whether the pleiotropic and proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-like weak
- PMID 25536182
Japanese Journal
- Down-Regulation of FXYD3 Is Induced by Transforming Growth Factor-.BETA. Signaling via ZEB1/.DELTA.EF1 in Human Mammary Epithelial Cells
- Yamamoto Hiroto,Mukaisho Ken-ichi,Sugihara Hiroyuki,Hattori Takanori,Asano Shinji
- Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 34(3), 324-329, 2011
- … FXYD3, a regulator of Na, K-ATPase, was identified as an mRNA overexpressed in murine breast cancers induced by neu oncogene, which had inactivated transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling due to the defect of TGF-β receptor I (TβRI) expression. …
- NAID 130000657807
- 角膜での血管・リンパ管新生の研究の動向--VEGF依存/非依存メカニズム
- Protective Effect of a Mixture of Aloe vera and Silybum marianum Against Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Acute Hepatotoxicity and Liver Fibrosis
- KIM Sung-Hwa,CHEON Ho Jun,YUN Nari,OH Sun-Tack,SHIN Eunju,SHIM Kyu Suk,LEE Sun-Mee
- Journal of pharmacological sciences 109(1), 119-127, 2009-01-20
- … The ACTIValoe®N-931 complex attenuated the increase in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), mRNA expressions in acute hepatotoxicity. … The ACTIValoe®N-931 complex decreased the hepatic hydroxyproline content and the transforming growth factor-beta1 levels. …
- NAID 10025733906
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★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- tumor necrosis factor-beta
- 関
- リンフォトキシン、リンホトキシンα、腫瘍壊死因子-β
[★]
リンホトキシンα、リンホトキシン-α
- 関
- lymphotoxin、tumor necrosis factor-beta
[★]
- 英
- tumor necrosis factor-beta
- 関
- 腫瘍壊死因子β
[★]
- 関
- actual、actually、in fact、in practice、indeed、practically
[★]
- 関
- element、elementary、factorial、parameter
[★]
[★]
β、ベータ
[★]