WordNet

(physical chemistry) a sample of matter in which substances in different phases are in equilibrium; "in a static system oil cannot be replaced by water on a surface"; "a system generating hydrogen peroxide"
instrumentality that combines interrelated interacting artifacts designed to work as a coherent entity; "he bought a new stereo system"; "the system consists of a motor and a small computer"
a group of independent but interrelated elements comprising a unified whole; "a vast system of production and distribution and consumption keep the country going" (同)scheme
a complex of methods or rules governing behavior; "they have to operate under a system they oppose"; "that language has a complex system for indicating gender" (同)system of rules
a group of physiologically or anatomically related organs or parts; "the body has a system of organs for digestion"
a procedure or process for obtaining an objective; "they had to devise a system that did not depend on cooperation"
the living body considered as made up of interdependent components forming a unified whole; "exercise helped him get the alcohol out of his system"
a method of tending to or managing the affairs of a some group of people (especially the groups business affairs) (同)disposal
the act of administering medication (同)giving medication
the act of meting out justice according to the law (同)judicature
the persons (or committees or departments etc.) who make up a body for the purpose of administering something; "he claims that the present administration is corrupt"; "the governance of an association is responsible to its members"; "he quickly became rec (同)governance, governing body, establishment, brass, organization, organisation
affecting an entire system; "a systemic poison"

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈C〉(関連した部分から成る)『体系』,系統,組織[網],装置 / 〈C〉(教育・政治などの)『制度』,機構;《the~》体制 / 〈C〉(思想・学問などの)『体系』,学説 / 〈C〉(…の)『方法』,方式,やり方《+of doing》 / 〈U〉正しい方針(筋道,順序) / 〈U〉《the~》(身体の)組織,系統 / 〈U〉《the~,one's~》身体,全身
〈U〉『行政』,統治 / 〈U〉『管理』,経営 / 〈C〉行政機関(省,庁,局など);《the A-》《米》連邦政府(《英》the Government) / 《総称して》(大学・団体などの)管理者側,当局者,教務部 / 〈U〉(裁き・処罰・法冷・儀式などの)執行,施行
(身体・言語のように)体系の,組織の / 全身の,全身的

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/10/28 23:05:48」(JST)

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1. 成人における全身性硬化症（強皮症）の診断および鑑別診断 diagnosis and differential diagnosis of systemic sclerosis scleroderma in adults
2. SCIT（皮下免疫療法）：標準的な投与計画、投与法、およびモニタリング scit standard schedules administration techniques and monitoring
3. 全身性エリテマトーデスの神経症状 neurologic manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus
4. 全身性疾患および感染に関連した網膜血管炎 retinal vasculitis associated with systemic disorders and infections
5. 皮下投与および筋肉内投与による免疫グロブリン療法 subcutaneous and intramuscular immune globulin therapy

English Journal

Differential toxicological response to positively and negatively charged nanoparticles in the rat brain.

Knudsen KB1, Northeved H, Ek PK, Permin A, Andresen TL, Larsen S, Wegener KM, Lam HR, Lykkesfeldt J.Author information 1Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark.AbstractWe investigated the potential for systemic and local toxicity after administration of empty nanosized anionic and cationic PEGylated-micelles and non-PEGylated liposomes, without a ligand attached, intended for use in drug-delivery systems. The particles were administered to 5-6-week-old male rats by three intravenous (IV) administrations over a period of one week at a dose of 100 mg/kg bodyweight or after a single intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection at a dose of 50 µg. The particles were stable and well characterised with respect to size and zeta potential. ICV administration of cationic particles was associated with histological changes near the injection site (hippocampus). Here, we detected focal infiltration with phagocytic cells, loss of neurons and apoptotic cell death, which were not observed after administration of the vehicle. No significant difference was found after IV or ICV administration of the anionic micelles with regard to haematology, clinical chemistry parameters or at the pathological examinations, as compared to control animals. Our study suggests that ICV delivery of cationic particles to the brain tissue is associated with toxicity at the injection site.
Nanotoxicology.Nanotoxicology.2014 Nov;8(7):764-74. doi: 10.3109/17435390.2013.829589.
We investigated the potential for systemic and local toxicity after administration of empty nanosized anionic and cationic PEGylated-micelles and non-PEGylated liposomes, without a ligand attached, intended for use in drug-delivery systems. The particles were administered to 5-6-week-old male rats b
PMID 23889261

Lymphatic transport of puerarin occurs after oral administration of different lipid-based formulations to unconscious lymph duct-cannulated rats.

Zhou A1, Lu T, Wang L, Lu C, Wang L, Wan M, Wu H.Author information 1Department of Pharmaceutics, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine , Anhui Province , China .AbstractThis study investigated the potential of targeted intestinal lymphatic transport of puerarin via a lipid formulation approach. Three formulations of PEG nanoemulsion, nanosuspension and an oil suspension containing puerarin were examined with the lymph-cannulated anaesthetized rat model. Plasma and lymph samples were analyzed by HPLC. Lymph triglyceride was measured using an enzymatic colorimetric technique. After 8 h, the total administered dose accumulated in the thoracic lymph duct was analyze. Nanoemulsion, nanosuspension and oil suspension was 0.065 ± 0.006%, 0.137 ± 0.018%, 0.021 ± 0.002% of the administered dose, respectively. In nanoemulsion, nanosuspension and oil suspension group, the systemic bioavailability of oral puerarin was 11%, 16% and 11% for lymph-cannulated rats, 41%, 67% and 18% for control rats. Absorption into the intestinal lymph should thus contribute to ∼30%, 51% and 7% of the systemic bioavailable puerarin. This data indicated that lipid-based nano drug formulation produced higher lymph concentrations of puerarin than oil suspension. The nanosuspension formulation may be considerable in terms of increased local concentrations in lymphoid tissue.
Pharmaceutical development and technology.Pharm Dev Technol.2014 Sep;19(6):743-7. doi: 10.3109/10837450.2013.829093. Epub 2013 Aug 27.
This study investigated the potential of targeted intestinal lymphatic transport of puerarin via a lipid formulation approach. Three formulations of PEG nanoemulsion, nanosuspension and an oil suspension containing puerarin were examined with the lymph-cannulated anaesthetized rat model. Plasma and
PMID 23978005

A modified QuEChERS method for simultaneous determination of flonicamid and its metabolites in paprika using tandem mass spectrometry.

Ko AY1, Abd El-Aty AM2, Rahman MM1, Jang J1, Kim SW1, Choi JH1, Shim JH3.Author information 1Biotechnology Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea.2Biotechnology Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211 Giza, Egypt. Electronic address: abdelaty44@hotmail.com.3Biotechnology Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: jhshim@chonnam.ac.kr.AbstractA modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) acetate-buffered sample preparation method was developed to improve extraction recovery of flonicamid and its two metabolites (4-trifluoromethylnicotinic acid and N-(4-trifluoromethylnicotinoyl)glycine) in paprika followed by analysis using tandem mass spectrometry. Acidified acetonitrile (containing 5% acetic acid) was used as an extraction solvent and partitioning was carried out using sodium chloride. The extract was then cleaned up using C18. The linearity over a concentration range of 0.005-1μg/mL was good with a determination coefficient (R(2))>0.9997. Recovery at three different fortification levels was 82.2-101.7% with a relative standard deviation <10 for all analytes. The limit of quantitation of 0.01mg/kg was quite lower than the maximum residue level set by the Korea Food and Drug Administration (2mg/kg). The method was successfully applied to determine flonicamid and its metabolites from field incurred samples. The undulating residue pattern observed for the parent analyte together with its metabolites could explain the movement behavior of systemic pesticides into plants over time.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2014 Aug 15;157:413-20. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.02.038. Epub 2014 Feb 22.
A modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) acetate-buffered sample preparation method was developed to improve extraction recovery of flonicamid and its two metabolites (4-trifluoromethylnicotinic acid and N-(4-trifluoromethylnicotinoyl)glycine) in paprika followed by analy
PMID 24679799

Japanese Journal

Cross-talk between Bone Marrow and Tissue Injury : Novel Regenerative Therapy for Severely Damaged Tissues by Mobilizing Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Vivo

Tamai Katsuto,Kaneda Yasufumi
弘前医学 64(Supplement), S1-S5, 2013-04-02
… In addition, systemic administration of HMGB1 to wounded wild-type mice leads to faster wound healing with recruitment of these bone marrow cells to the wounded skin. …
NAID 120005230045

臓器横断的がん診療とがん薬物療法の質・安全保証(<特集>医療質安全保証に向けた臨床医たちの視座)

蒲生真紀夫
品質 43(1), 19-22, 2013-01-15
… However, for half of the cancer patients who will develop or already have metastatic diseases, systemic therapy is needed to control the disease and to maintain good quality of their life. … e. evidence based scheduled anti-cancer drug administration, are used in most facilities, assuring the quality of the treatment. …
NAID 110009578921

Prospective Safety Monitoring of Haemophilus influenzae Type b and Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines in Kagoshima, Japan

Nishi Junichiro,Tokuda Koichi,Imuta Naoko,Minami Taketsugu,Kawano Yoshifumi
Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases 66(3), 235-237, 2013
… The concurrent administration of these vaccines is routinely performed worldwide. … However, the safety of the simultaneous administration of these vaccines has not been fully evaluated in Japan, because it has rarely been performed thus far. …
NAID 130003381678