smooth

滑らかな、平らな、滑面の、スムーズな、スムースな

関

even、flat、plane、smooth-surfaced、smoothly

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

WordNet

1. of the margin of a leaf shape; not broken up into teeth
2. the act of smoothing; "he gave his hair a quick smooth"
3. free from obstructions; "smooth the way towards peace negotiations" (同)smooth out
4. make smooth or smoother, as if by rubbing; "smooth the surface of the wood" (同)smoothen
5. having a surface free from roughness or bumps or ridges or irregularities; "smooth skin"; "a smooth tabletop"; "smooth fabric"; "a smooth road"; "water as smooth as a mirror"
6. lacking obstructions or difficulties; "the bills path through the legislature was smooth and orderly"
7. of motion that runs or flows or proceeds without jolts or turbulence; "a smooth ride"
8. used as an intensive especially to indicate something unexpected; "even an idiot knows that"; "declined even to consider the idea"; "I dont have even a dollar!"
9. become even or more even; "even out the surface" (同)even out
10. make even or more even (同)even out
11. equal in degree or extent or amount; or equally matched or balanced; "even amounts of butter and sugar"; "on even terms"; "it was a fifty-fifty (or even) split"; "had a fifty-fifty (or even) chance"; "an even fight" (同)fifty-fifty
12. occurring at fixed intervals; "a regular beat"; "the even rhythm of his breathing" (同)regular
13. symmetrically arranged; "even features"; "regular features"; "a regular polygon" (同)regular
14. to a greater degree or extent; used with comparisons; "looked sick and felt even worse"; "an even (or still) more interesting problem"; "still another problem must be solved"; "a yet sadder tale" (同)yet, still
15. being level or straight or regular and without variation as e.g. in shape or texture; or being in the same plane or at the same height as something else (i.e. even with); "an even application of varnish"; "an even floor"; "the road was not very even"; "the picture is even with the window"
16. divisible by two
17. in spite of; notwithstanding; "even when he is sick, he works"; "even with his head start she caught up with him"
18. to the full extent; "loyal even unto death"
19. with flat sails; "sail flat against the wind"
20. a deflated pneumatic tire (同)flat tire
21. a shallow box in which seedlings are started
22. scenery consisting of a wooden frame covered with painted canvas; part of a stage setting
23. a level tract of land; "the salt flats of Utah"
24. a musical notation indicating one half step lower than the note named
25. having a surface without slope, tilt in which no part is higher or lower than another; "a flat desk"; "acres of level farmland"; "a plane surface"; "skirts sewn with fine flat seams" (同)level, plane
26. not reflecting light; not glossy; "flat wall paint"; "a photograph with a matte finish" (同)mat, matt, matte, matted
27. sounded or spoken in a tone unvarying in pitch; "the owls faint monotonous hooting" (同)monotone, monotonic, monotonous
28. stretched out and lying at full length along the ground; "found himself lying flat on the floor" (同)prostrate
29. (of a musical note) lowered in pitch by one chromatic semitone; "B flat"
30. commercially inactive; "flat sales for the month"; "prices remained flat"; "a flat market"
31. having a relatively broad surface in relation to depth or thickness; "flat computer monitors"
32. having lost effervescence; "flat beer"; "a flat cola"
33. horizontally level; "a flat roof"
34. lacking contrast or shading between tones
35. make even or smooth, with or as with a carpenters plane; "plane the top of the door"
36. (mathematics) an unbounded two-dimensional shape; "we will refer to the plane of the graph as the X-Y plane"; "any line joining two points on a plane lies wholly on that plane" (同)sheet
37. a level of existence or development; "he lived on a worldly plane"
38. a carpenters hand tool with an adjustable blade for smoothing or shaping wood; "the cabinetmaker used a plane for the finish work" (同)carpenter''s plane, woodworking plane
39. a power tool for smoothing or shaping wood (同)planer, planing machine
40. cut or remove with or as if with a plane; "The machine shaved off fine layers from the piece of wood" (同)shave
41. travel on the surface of water (同)skim
42. in a smooth and diplomatic manner; "`And now, he said smoothly, `we will continue the conversation"
43. with no problems or difficulties; "put the plans into effect quickly and smoothly"; "despite of some mishaps, everything went swimmingly" (同)swimmingly
44. made smooth by ironing (同)smoothened

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. (表面が)『滑らかな』,すべすべした;『平らな』平坦(へいたん)な / (動きが)円滑な,揺れのない / (物事が)すらすら運ぶ,順調な,平隠な / (味など)滑らかな;(練り粉など)つぶつぶ(むら)のない / 愛想のよい,取り入るような / …‘を'『滑らかにする』,平らにする,〈髪など〉‘を'なでつける《+『out(down)』+『名,』+『名』+『out(down)』》 / 〈物事〉‘を'容易にする,円滑にする《+『away(out)』+『名,』+『away(out)』》 / 〈人・気持ちなど〉‘を'静める,和らげる《+『down』+『名,』+『名』+『down』》 / 滑らか(平ら)になる;隠やかになる《+『down』》 / =smoothly
2. 『平らな』,平たんな / 『同じ高さの』,同一平面の,平行の / (運動・動作・品質などが)『均一の』,規則的な,一様の,むらのない / (数・量などが)『同じの』,等しい,釣り合のとれた互角の / 『偶数の』 / 公平な,公正な(fair) / 平静な,穏やかな,落ち着いた(calm) / 貸借にない,清算済みの / 端数のない,ちょうどの,きっかりの / 《意味を強めて,不審や意外の念を含み》…『でさえも』,までも / 《比較級の前に用いて》『なおいっそう』,さらに(still,yet) / 《形容詞の前または後の用いて》(…と)すら言える;《古》《時を表す副詞の前に用いて》ちょうど / …‘を'平らにする,ならす / …‘を'釣り合わせる,平均させる《+『up』+『名』,+『名』+『up』》 / …‘の'変動をなくする,‘を'安定させる《+『out』+『名』,+『名』+『out』》
3. 夕べ,晩
4. 平『平らな』,平たんな / 《補語にのみ用いて》べったりと広がった(横になった) / 薄っぺらな(shallow) / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》露骨な,あからさまな;(positive) / (料金・価格などが)均一(一律)の(uniform) / たいくつな,おもしろくない,気の抜けた / (発泡飲料が)気の抜けた / 空気のはいっていない,しぼんだ / (絵画で色調が)変化に乏しい,光沢を消した / (音楽で)変音の,半音下がった / 『きっぱりと』 / 正確に,きっかり / 本来の音程より下げて / 『平面』,平たい部分 / 平地,低地;《複数形で》湿地,沼地,浅瀬 / 枠張り物(舞台背景用のベニヤ・布などを張った枠組み) / 《おもに米》空気の抜けたタイヤ;パンク / 半音低い音,変音;変音記号
5. =apartment(同一階にある居間・食事部屋・台所・寝室などぐ含んだ住居)
6. 『平面』,水平面 / 『水準』,程度 / 《話》『飛行機』 / (面が)平らな,平たんな / 平面の,平面図形の;平面上にある / 〈飛行機〉滑走する
7. かんな / …‘に'かんなをかける;…‘を'平らにする / かんなをかける
8. =plane tree
9. (またsmooth)滑らかに,円滑に;平隠に

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/10/08 19:46:19」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Smooth means having a texture that lacks friction. It is the opposite of rough.

Smooth may also refer to:

In mathematics

• Smooth function, a function that is infinitely differentiable; used in calculus and topology
• Smooth manifold, a differentiable manifold for which all the transitions maps are smooth functions
• Smooth algebraic variety, an algebraic variety without singular point
• Smooth number, a number whose prime factors are all less than a certain value; used in applications of number theory
• Smoothsort, a sorting algorithm

In entertainment

• Smooth jazz, a subgenre of jazz music
• Smooth (magazine), a US publication geared toward young black men
• Smooth Radio, a radio station network in Great Britain
• "Smooth" (song), a song by Santana featuring Rob Thomas
• Juanita Stokes, a.k.a. Smooth, American singer, rapper and actress

Other uses

• Smooth Island (Antarctica)
• Smooth Island (Tasmania)

See also

• All pages beginning with "Smooth"
• All pages with titles containing "Smooth"
• Smoother (disambiguation)
• Smoothing (disambiguation)

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

• 1. 自己免疫性肝炎の血清学的マーカー serologic markers of autoimmune hepatitis
• 2. 喘息の病因 pathogenesis of asthma
• 3. 大動脈解離の臨床症状および診断 clinical manifestations and diagnosis of aortic dissection
• 4. 子宮平滑筋腫（子宮筋腫）の変異型 variants of uterine leiomyomas fibroids
• 5. 自己免疫性肝炎の分類 classification of autoimmune hepatitis

English Journal

• Vasoactive effects of stable aqueous suspensions of single walled carbon nanotubes in hamsters and mice.

• Frame MD, Dewar AM, Mullick Chowdhury S, Sitharaman B.Author information Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY 11794 , USA.AbstractAbstract Single-walled carbon nanotubes synthesized with iron (Fe-SWCNT) or gadolinium (Gd-SWCNT) show promise as high performance multimodal contrast and drug-delivery agents. Our purpose was to evaluate potential vasoactive effects of SWCNT. Stable aqueous solutions of Fe-SWCNTs or Gd-SWCNTs were made using the biocompatible amphiphilic polymer N-(carbonyl-methoxypolyethyleneglycol 2000)-1,2-distearoylsn-glycero-3- phosphoethanolamine (PEG-DSPE). Both aggregated and non-aggregated (sonicated) formulations were tested. The initial vasoactivity of the formulations and their potential for inducing pro-inflammatory endothelial dysfunction were investigated in the hamster cheek pouch and murine cremaster muscle intravital microscopy models. These models provide an assay to test several formulations/dosages in a paired fashion. Abluminal exposure to small arterioles exposes both endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells. Using abluminal exposures of dosages that would approximate the first pass of an i.v. bolus injection, both Fe-SWCNTs and Gd-SWCNTs were immediately vasoactive. Aggregated formulations induced dilation and non-aggregated formulations induced constriction in both hamsters and mice. Endothelial dysfunction was evident after exposure to either aggregated or non-aggregated forms. General loss of dilator capability was seen after exposure to non-aggregated but not aggregated forms. Thus concentrations mimicking bolus dosing of PEG-DSPE coated SWCNT induce both acute and chronic vascular responses.
• Nanotoxicology.Nanotoxicology.2014 Dec;8:867-75. doi: 10.3109/17435390.2013.837209. Epub 2013 Sep 30.
• Abstract Single-walled carbon nanotubes synthesized with iron (Fe-SWCNT) or gadolinium (Gd-SWCNT) show promise as high performance multimodal contrast and drug-delivery agents. Our purpose was to evaluate potential vasoactive effects of SWCNT. Stable aqueous solutions of Fe-SWCNTs or Gd-SWCNTs were
• PMID 23992463

• Encapsulation of plai oil/2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes in polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) electrospun nanofibers for topical application.

• Tonglairoum P, Chuchote T, Ngawhirunpat T, Rojanarata T, Opanasopit P.Author information Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University , Thailand.AbstractAbstract The aim of this study was to prepare electrospun polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)/2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) nanofiber mats and to incorporate plai oil (Zingiber Cassumunar Roxb.). The plai oil with 10, 20 and 30% wt to polymer were incorporated in the PVP/HPβCD solution and electrospun to obtain nanofibers. The morphology and structure of the PVP and PVP/HPβCD nanofiber mats with and without the plai oil were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The thermal behaviors of the nanofiber mats were characterized using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Terpinen-4-ol was used as a marker of the plai oil. The amount of plai oil remaining in the PVP/HPβCD nanofiber mats was determined using gas chromatography-mass spectoscopy (GC-MS). The SEM images revealed that all of the fibers were smooth. The average diameter of fibers was 212-450 nm, and decreased with the increasing of plai oil content. The release characteristics of plai oil from the fiber showed the fast release followed by a sustained release over the experimental time of 24 h. The release rate ranged was in the order of 10% > 20% ∼ 30% plai oil within 24 h. Electrospun fibers with 20% plai oil loading provided the controlled release and also showed the highest plai oil content. Hence, this electrospun nanofiber has a potential for use as an alternative topical application.
• Pharmaceutical development and technology.Pharm Dev Technol.2014 Jun;19(4):430-7. doi: 10.3109/10837450.2013.788659. Epub 2013 May 7.
• Abstract The aim of this study was to prepare electrospun polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)/2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) nanofiber mats and to incorporate plai oil (Zingiber Cassumunar Roxb.). The plai oil with 10, 20 and 30% wt to polymer were incorporated in the PVP/HPβCD solution and elec
• PMID 23651060

• Naltrexone-loaded poly[La-(Glc-Leu)] polymeric microspheres for the treatment of alcohol dependence: in vitro characterization and in vivo biocompatibility assessment.

• Pagar KP, Vavia PR.Author information Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, University under Section 3 of UGC Act- 1956, Elite Status & Centre of Excellence - Govt. of Maharashtra , TEQIP Phase II Funded, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra , India.AbstractAbstract The poly[La-(Glc-Leu)] copolymer was applied in the present investigation as polymeric carrier to fabricate naltrexone (NTX)-loaded poly[La-(Glc-Leu)] microspheres in the single emulsion solvent evaporation technique for the long-term treatment of alcohol dependence. Newly synthesized poly[La-(Glc-Leu)] copolymer exhibited diminished crystallanity, good biocompatibility and favorable biodegradability to be explored for drug delivery application. Scanning Electron Microscopy study revealed smooth and spherical-shaped NTX-loaded polymeric microspheres with a mean size of 10-90 µm. Influence of various decisive formulation variables such as amount of polymer, stabilizer concentration, homogenization speed, homogenization time, drug loading and organic-to-aqueous phase ratio on particle size, and entrapment efficiency was studied. Differential scanning calorimeter and X-ray diffractometry study confirmed the drug entrapment within polymer matrix into the microsphere environment. In vitro drug release showed the sustained drug release of formulation for the period of 28 d giving biphasic release pattern. Histological examination of NTX-loaded poly[La-(Glc-Leu)] microspheres injected intramuscularly into the thigh muscle of Wistar rats showed minimal inflammatory reaction, demonstrating that NTX-loaded microspheres were biocompatible. Insignificant increase in the serum creatine phosphokinase level (p < 0.05) as compared with the normal value revealed good muscle compatibility of the poly[La-(Glc-Leu)] microsphere system. Biocompatible nature and sustained drug-release action of poly[La-(Glc-Leu)] microspheres may have potential application in depot therapy.
• Pharmaceutical development and technology.Pharm Dev Technol.2014 Jun;19(4):385-94. doi: 10.3109/10837450.2013.784334. Epub 2013 Apr 16.
• Abstract The poly[La-(Glc-Leu)] copolymer was applied in the present investigation as polymeric carrier to fabricate naltrexone (NTX)-loaded poly[La-(Glc-Leu)] microspheres in the single emulsion solvent evaporation technique for the long-term treatment of alcohol dependence. Newly synthesized poly[
• PMID 23590187

• Urocortin 2 is associated with abdominal aortic aneurysm and mediates anti-proliferative effects on vascular smooth muscle cells via corticotrophin releasing factor receptor 2.

• Emeto TI, Moxon JV, Biros E, Rush CM, Clancy P, Woodward L, Moran CS, Jose RJ, Nguyen T, Walker PJ, Golledge J.Author information *The Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, School of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, James Cook Drive, Douglas, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia.AbstractAAA (abdominal aortic aneurysm) is an important cause of sudden death in older adults, but there is no current effective drug therapy for this disease. The UCNs (urocortins1-3) and their receptors: CRFR (corticotrophin-releasing factor receptor)-1 and -2 have been implicated in various CVDs (cardiovascular diseases). We assessed the relative expression of UCN1-3 in AAA by qRT-PCR (quantitative reverse transcription-PCR) and ELISA, and examined in vitro how UCN2 affects human aortic VSMC (vascular smooth muscle cell) Akt phosphorylation, pro-inflammatory cytokine IL (interleukin)-6 secretion, proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis. UCN2 and CRFR2 expression were significantly up-regulated in biopsies from the AAA body. AAA body biopsies released high amounts of UCN2 in vitro. Median plasma UCN2 concentrations were 2.20 ng/ml (interquartile range 1.14-4.55 ng/ml, n=67) in AAA patients and 1.11 ng/ml (interquartile range 0.76-2.55 ng/ml, n=67) in patients with non-aneurysmal PAD (peripheral artery disease) (P=0.001). Patients with UCN2 in the highest quartile had a 4.12-fold (95% confidence interval, 1.37-12.40) greater prevalence of AAA independent of other risk factors, P=0.012. In vitro, UCN2 significantly inhibited VSMC Akt phosphorylation and proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. UCN2 induced VSMC G1 cell-cycle arrest and increased IL-6 secretion over 24 h. The CRFR2 antagonist astressin-2B significantly abrogated the effects of UCN2 on VSMCs. In conclusion, UCN2 is significantly associated with AAA and inhibits VSMC proliferation by inducing a G1 cell cycle arrest suggesting a plausible regulatory role in AAA pathogenesis.
• Clinical science (London, England : 1979).Clin Sci (Lond).2014 Apr 11;126(7):517-27. doi: 10.1042/CS20130425.
• AAA (abdominal aortic aneurysm) is an important cause of sudden death in older adults, but there is no current effective drug therapy for this disease. The UCNs (urocortins1-3) and their receptors: CRFR (corticotrophin-releasing factor receptor)-1 and -2 have been implicated in various CVDs (cardiov
• PMID 24107226

Japanese Journal

• 静電紡糸法により窒素雰囲気中で紡糸した紫外線硬化型液晶性モノマーを用いた微細ファイバーによる液晶配向

• 工学院大学研究報告 (120), 53-56, 2016-04-30
• NAID 110010032791

• High-quality InN films on GaN using graded InGaN buffers by MBE

• Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 55(5S), 05FD12, 2016-04-25
• NAID 150000112382

• 7-Octenyltrichrolosilane/trimethyaluminum hybrid dielectrics fabricated by molecular-atomic layer deposition on ZnO thin film transistors

• Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 55(6S1), 06GK04, 2016-04-22
• NAID 150000112449

• In situ annealing and high-rate silicon epitaxy on porous silicon by mesoplasma process

• Appl. Phys. Express 9(5), 055506, 2016-04-14
• NAID 150000112328

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「even」「plane」「平ら」「flat」「滑面」

「even」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 平らな、平均の、偶数の

• adv.

• (名刺、代名詞を修飾)～さえ、～すら
• (比較級を強調)いっそう([[still])
• 実のところ(indeed)
• ～にもかかわらず(in spite of)

関

albeit、although、average、despite、even number、even-numbered、flat、in spite of、mean、nevertheless、nonetheless、notwithstanding、plane、regardless、smooth、still、though、yet

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「plane」

　　[★]

• n.

• 平面、面

• adj.

• 平らな

関

aspect、chamfer、even、face、facet、flat、planar、side、smooth、surface

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「平ら」

　　[★]

英

flat、smooth、plane、even

関

滑面、偶数、滑らか、平均、平面、扁平、面、にもかかわらず、スムース、スムーズ

「flat」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 平らな、扁平の

関

even、plane、smooth

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「滑面」

　　[★]

英

smooth-surfaced、smooth

関

平ら、滑らか、スムース、スムーズ