scalded skin syndrome

熱傷様皮膚症候群

WordNet

1. bruise, cut, or injure the skin or the surface of; "The boy skinned his knee when he fell" (同)scrape
2. a persons skin regarded as their life; "he tried to save his skin"
3. a bag serving as a container for liquids; it is made from the hide of an animal
4. an outer surface (usually thin); "the skin of an airplane"
5. a natural protective body covering and site of the sense of touch; "your skin is the largest organ of your body" (同)tegument, cutis
6. strip the skin off; "pare apples" (同)peel, pare
7. a burn cause by hot liquid or steam
8. burn with a hot liquid or steam; "She scalded her hands when she turned on the faucet and hot water came out"
9. heat to the boiling point; "scald the milk"
10. treat with boiling water; "scald tomatoes so that they can be peeled"
11. the act of burning with steam or hot water
12. a pattern of symptoms indicative of some disease
13. a complex of concurrent things; "every word has a syndrome of meanings"
14. move along on skis; "We love to ski the Rockies"; "My children dont ski"
15. narrow wood or metal or plastic runners used in pairs for gliding over snow
16. a sport in which participants must travel on skis

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 〈U〉〈C〉(人・動物の)『皮膚』,肌 / 〈C〉〈U〉(動物からはいだ)『皮』,『毛皮』;皮製品,皮袋 / 〈C〉(果物・野菜の)皮 / 〈U〉〈C〉(液体の表面にできる)薄い膜,上皮 / 〈C〉(枠組み・表面などを覆う)外皮,外被,外板 / 〈動物・果物など〉‘の'皮をはぐ(むく) / 〈手・脚など〉‘を'擦りむく / 《話》(金などを)〈人〉‘から'巻き上げる《+『名』〈人〉+『of』+『名』》 / 〈傷口などが〉皮で覆われる《+『over』》
2. 〈熱湯・湯気(ゆげ)が〉…‘を'やげどさせる / ‘を'煮沸[消毒]する / 〈ミルクなど〉‘を'沸点近くまで煮たたせる(熱する) / (熱湯・湯気での)やけど
3. (疾患の徴候となる一群の)症徴候,症候群 / (事件・社会的状態などのパターンを示す)徴候形態
4. 『スキー』 / 『スキーで滑走する』 / …‘を'スキーで滑る / スキーの,スキー用の
5. (スポーツとしての)『スキー』;スキー術

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2018/05/12 00:40:26」(JST)

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Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
An infant with Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
Classification and external resources
Specialty	dermatology
ICD-10	L00
ICD-9-CM	695.81
DiseasesDB	29437
MedlinePlus	001352
eMedicine	derm/402 emerg/782
MeSH	D013206

Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS), also known as pemphigus neonatorum or Ritter's disease, or Localized bullous impetigo is a dermatological condition caused by Staphylococcus aureus.

Signs and symptoms

The disease presents with the widespread formation of fluid-filled blisters that are thin walled and easily ruptured and the patient can be positive for Nikolsky's sign. Ritter's Disease of the Newborn is the most severe form of SSSS with similar signs and symptoms. SSSS often includes a widespread painful erythroderma, often involving the face, diaper, and other intertriginous areas. Extensive areas of desquamation might be present. Perioral crusting and fissuring are seen early in the course. Unlike toxic epidermal necrolysis, SSSS spares the mucous membranes. It is most common in children under 6 years, but can be seen in adults who are immunosuppressed or have renal failure.

Pathophysiology

The syndrome is induced by epidermolytic exotoxins (exfoliatin) A and B, which are released by S. aureus and cause detachment within the epidermal layer, by breaking down the desmosomes. One of the exotoxins is encoded on the bacterial chromosome, while the other is encoded on a plasmid. These exotoxins are proteases that cleave desmoglein-1, which normally holds the granulosum and spinosum layers together, similar to the pathophysiology of the autoimmune skin disease, pemphigus vulgaris.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of SSSS is made clinically. This is sometimes confirmed by isolation of S. aureus from blood, mucous membranes, or skin biopsy; however, these are often negative. Skin biopsy may show separation of the superficial layer of the epidermis (intraepidermal separation), differentiating SSSS from TEN, wherein the separation occurs at the dermo-epidermal junction (subepidermal separation). SSSS may be difficult to distinguish from toxic epidermal necrolysis and pustular psoriasis.

Treatment

The mainstay of treatment for SSSS is supportive care along with eradication of the primary infection. Conservative measures include rehydration, antipyretics (e.g., ibuprofen, aspirin, and paracetamol), management of thermal burns, and stabilization. Parenteral antibiotics to cover S. aureus should be administered. Most strains of S. aureus implicated in SSSS have penicillinases, and are therefore penicillin resistant. Therefore, treatment with Nafcillin, oxacillin, or vancomycin is typically indicated. Clindamycin is sometimes also used because of its inhibition of exotoxins.

Prognosis

The prognosis of SSSS in children is excellent, with complete resolution within 10 days of treatment, and without significant scarring. However, SSSS must be differentiated carefully from toxic epidermal necrolysis, which carries a poor prognosis. The prognosis in adults is generally much worse, and depends upon various factors such as time to treatment, host immunity, and comorbidities.

History

The clinical features were first described in 1878 by Baron Gottfried Ritter von Rittershain, who observed 297 cases among children in a single Czechoslovakian children's home over a 10-year period.

In 1885 Nil Filatow and in 1894 Clement Dukes described an exantematous disease which they thought to be a form of rubella, but in 1900 Dukes identified it to be a separate entity which came to be known by the names Dukes' disease, Filatov’s disease or fourth disease. Although Dukes identified it as a separate entity, it is thought not to be different from scarlet fever caused by Staphylococcal exotoxin after Keith Powell proposed equating it with the condition currently known as Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome in 1979.

See also

• Dukes' disease
• Bullous impetigo
• List of cutaneous conditions
• List of conditions caused by problems with junctional proteins

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. Staphylococcal scalded skin syndromestaphylococcal scalded skin syndrome [show details]
  … Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) is a bacterial toxin-mediated skin disorder that primarily affects young children but can also occur in older children and adults. Previous terms for SSSS in …
• 2. 新生児や乳児の（小）水疱性および膿疱性の病変vesicular pustular and bullous lesions in the newborn and infant [show details]
  …susceptible to dissemination of S. aureus exfoliative toxins, producing the staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS or Ritter disease) . The toxins act at the zona granulosa of the epidermis, causing cleavage …
• 3. 皮膚剥脱症候群peeling skin syndrome [show details]
  …in CHST8 is indicated in patients and family members for definitive diagnosis Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) is caused by certain strains of Staphylococcus aureus, which release exfoliative…
• 4. スティーブンス・ジョンソン症候群および中毒性表皮壊死融解症：病因、臨床症状、および診断stevens johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis pathogenesis clinical manifestations and diagnosis [show details]
  …medications, and location of the lesions on sun-exposed areas. Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome – Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) is caused by epidermolytic toxins produced by certain strains …
• 5. 新生児および乳児の紅皮症 neonatal and infantile erythroderma [show details]
  …superficial desquamation and/or bullae not involving the mucous membranes suggests staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) . SSSS is a toxin-mediated illness caused by infection with phage group II Staphylococcus …

English Journal

• Effective Treatment of Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome with Platelet Microbicidal Protein in CBRB-Rb(8.17)1Iem Mice Model.

• Miroshnikov SA1, Gritsenko VA, Ivanov IB.
• Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins.Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins.2015 Sep;7(3):203-6. doi: 10.1007/s12602-015-9194-6.
• Skin and soft-tissue infections are among the most common infections. Staphylococcus aureus may cause a number of toxin-mediated diseases, including staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS). The therapeutic efficacy of some antimicrobial peptides was recently evaluated in a mouse model of SSSS. T
• PMID 26044057

• A case report of differentiating staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis by optical coherence tomography.

• Hussain AA1, Banzhaf CA1, Themstrup L1, Nielsen PL2, Jemec GB1.
• Skin research and technology : official journal of International Society for Bioengineering and the Skin (ISBS) [and] International Society for Digital Imaging of Skin (ISDIS) [and] International Society for Skin Imaging (ISSI).Skin Res Technol.2015 Aug;21(3):363-5. doi: 10.1111/srt.12200. Epub 2015 Jan 12.
• BACKGROUND: Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) both present with acute onset, high morbidity and significant mortality. Rapid diagnosis is therefore of importance. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the presentation of these diseases us
• PMID 25580955

• Recent developments in the management of common childhood skin infections.

• Oranje AP1, de Waard-van der Spek FB2.
• The Journal of infection.J Infect.2015 Jun;71 Suppl 1:S76-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2015.04.030. Epub 2015 Apr 29.
• A literature review and clinical commentary on diagnosis and treatment of common childhood bacterial, fungal and viral skin infections is presented including impetigo, folliculitis, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, tinea capitis, warts and molluscum contagiosum. Copyright © 2015 The British In
• PMID 25936745

Japanese Journal

• Measurement of protease activity of exfoliative toxin A using synthetic peptidyl substrates and correlation between in vivo and in vitro activities

• Tachi Mizuki .et.al,OHARA-NEMOTO Yuko,BABA Tomomi T.,KOBAYAKAWA Takeshi,FUJITA Shuichi,IKEDA Tohru,AYUSE Takao,OI Kumiko,NEMOTO Takayuki K.
• Acta medica Nagasakiensia 58(2), 41-48, 2013-08
• … Exfoliative toxin A (ETA) produced by Staphylococcus aureus causes bullous impetigo and staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome. …
• NAID 110009614178

• 術後に敗血症性肺塞栓症とブドウ球菌性熱傷様皮膚症候群を呈した1例

• 門脇 嘉彦,大鶴 徹,西村 健,田村 竜二,岡本 貴大,石堂 展宏
• 日本臨床外科学会雑誌 = The journal of the Japan Surgical Association 74(5), 1173-1177, 2013-05-25
• … 日目にして，中心静脈カテーテル挿入部位の右内頸静脈内血栓，敗血症性肺塞栓症（Septic Pulmonary Embolism:SPE）が明らかになった．その後，ブドウ球菌性熱傷様皮膚症候群（Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome:SSSS）を併発したが，適切な抗菌薬の投与により軽快され，術後51日目に独歩退院となった．高齢者における高侵襲手術は，重症感染症を引き起こす可能性が常にあり，これらの疾患 …
• NAID 10031177916

• 中心静脈ポート感染症により黄色ブドウ球菌性熱傷様皮膚症候群(staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome : SSSS)を発症した成人の1例

• 忽那 賢志,笠原 敬,中川 智代 [他],小松 祐子,片浪 雄一,小川 拓,宇野 健司,前田 光一,古西 満,三笠 桂一
• 感染症学雑誌 : 日本伝染病学会機関誌 : the journal of the Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases 87(3), 380-384, 2013-05-20
• … Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) is an extensive desquamative erythmatous condition caused by the <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> … MRSA was isolated from blood cultures and the pus, and histiology of a skin biopsy specimen from the exfoliation dermatitis showed epidermal detachment in the uppermost layer, which was consistent with SSSS. …
• NAID 10031189394

Related Links

• Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome | DermNet NZ

What is staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome? Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) is an illness characterised by red blistering skin that looks like a burn or scald, hence its name staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome.

• Scalded skin syndrome: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia

Scalded skin syndrome (SSS) is caused by infection with certain strains of staphylococcus bacteria. The bacteria produce a toxin that causes the skin damage. The damage creates blisters, as if the skin were scalded.

• Scalded Skin Syndrome: Causes, Risk, and Treatment

Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome is a serious skin infection caused by the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. What causes it, and how is it treated? ... In many cases, treatment will usually require hospitalization.

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「熱傷様皮膚症候群」
拡張検索	「staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome」「staphylococcal scalded-skin syndrome」
関連記事	「scald」「skin」「syndrome」

「熱傷様皮膚症候群」

　　[★]

英

scalded skin syndrome

関

[[]]

• ブドウ球菌性熱傷様皮膚症候群 staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome SSSS

「staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome」

　　[★] ブドウ球菌性熱傷様皮膚症候群 SSSS

「staphylococcal scalded-skin syndrome」

　　[★] ブドウ球菌性熱傷様皮膚症候群

「scald」

　　[★]

• 発音注意
• n.

• 熱湯傷、やけど、熱傷

• ex.

• ブドウ球菌性熱傷様皮膚症候群 staphylococcal scalded-skin syndrome

関

burn, thermal burn

　 　 　 　 　 　

「skin」

　　[★]

• n.

• 皮膚

　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「syndrome」

　　[★]

• n.

• 症候群