WordNet

of or belonging to neither the right nor the left politically or intellectually
a building dedicated to a particular activity; "they were raising money to build a new center for research" (同)centre
(American football) the position of the player on the line of scrimmage who puts the ball in play; "it is a centers responsibility to get the football to the quarterback"
a position on a basketball team of the player who participates in the jump that starts the game
the position on a hockey team of the player who participates in the face off at the beginning of the game
a place where some particular activity is concentrated; "they received messages from several centers" (同)centre
the sweet central portion of a piece of candy that is enclosed in chocolate or some other covering (同)centre
the object upon which interest and attention focuses; "his stories made him the center of the party" (同)centre, center of attention, centre of attention
an area that is approximately central within some larger region; "it is in the center of town"; "they ran forward into the heart of the struggle"; "they were in the eye of the storm" (同)centre, middle, heart, eye
a point equidistant from the ends of a line or the extremities of a figure (同)centre, midpoint
a cluster of nerve cells governing a specific bodily process; "in most people the speech center is in the left hemisphere" (同)centre, nerve_center, nerve centre
(football) the person who plays center on the line of scrimmage and snaps the ball to the quarterback; "the center fumbled the handoff" (同)snapper
(basketball) the person who plays center on a basketball team
(ice hockey) the person who plays center on a hockey team
politically moderate persons; centrists
the middle of a military or naval formation; "they had to reinforce the center"
move into the center; "That vase in the picture is not centered" (同)centre
equally distant from the extremes (同)halfway, middle, midway
look at with fixed eyes; "The students stared at the teacher with amazement" (同)stare
a long fixed look; "he fixed his paternal gaze on me" (同)regard
a fractional monetary unit of several countries
(American football) putting the ball in play by passing it (between the legs) to a back; "the quarterback fumbled the snap" (同)snap
being or placed in the center

PrepTutorEJDIC

(…を)『じっと見つめる』,凝視する《+『at』(『into,on,upon』)+『名』》 / 『じっと見詰めること』,凝視
〈C〉『セント』(1ドルの1/100;米国・カナダの貨幣単位;《略》￠) / 〈C〉1セント銅貨 / 〈U〉(単位としての)100
中軸(中心)を持つ

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/11/08 14:32:38」(JST)

wiki en

The paramedian pontine reticular formation, also known as PPRF or paraabducens nucleus, is part of the pontine reticular formation, a brain region without clearly defined borders in the center of the pons. It is involved in the coordination of eye movements, particularly horizontal gaze and saccades.

Input, Output, and Function

The PPRF is located anterior and lateral to the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF). It receives input from the superior colliculus via the predorsal bundle and from the frontal eye fields via frontopontine fibers. The rostral PPRF probably coordinates vertical saccades; the caudal PPRF may be the generator of horizontal saccades. In particular, activity of the excitatory burst neurons (EBNs) in the PPRF generates the "pulse" movement that initiates a saccade. In the case of horizontal saccades the "pulse" information is conveyed via axonal fibers to the abducens nucleus, initiating lateral eye movements. The angular velocity of the eye during horizontal saccade ranges from 100 to 700 degrees per second. Larger saccades have faster pulses; the PPRF is involved in this determination.^[1]

Lesions

Unilateral lesions of the PPRF produce characteristic findings:^[2]

Loss of horizontal saccades directed towards the side of the lesion, no matter the current position of gaze
Contralateral gaze deviation (acute lesions, such as early stroke, only)
Gaze-evoked lateral nystagmus on looking away from the side of the lesion

Bilateral lesions produce horizontal gaze palsy and slowing of vertical saccades

References

^ Brazis, P.W., Masdeu, J.C., and Biller, J. Localization in Clinical Neurology, 4th edition. Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins, Philadelphia, 2001; pp. 213–216. ISBN 0-7817-2843-6
^ Adapted from Leigh, R.J., and Zee, D.S. The Neurology of Eye Movements, 3rd edition. Oxford University Press, Oxford, England, 1999; p. 499. ISBN 0-19-512972-5

UpToDate Contents

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1. 核間性眼筋麻痺 internuclear ophthalmoparesis
2. 小児における核上性注視異常 supranuclear disorders of gaze in children
3. 特発性脳出血：病因、臨床的特徴、および診断 spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage pathogenesis clinical features and diagnosis
4. 律動眼振 jerk nystagmus
5. 閉じ込め症候群 locked in syndrome

English Journal

The influence of bilingualism on the preference for the mouth region of dynamic faces.

Ayneto A1, Sebastian-Galles N1.
Developmental science.Dev Sci.2016 May 15. doi: 10.1111/desc.12446. [Epub ahead of print]
Bilingual infants show an extended period of looking at the mouth of talking faces, which provides them with additional articulatory cues that can be used to boost the challenging situation of learning two languages (Pons, Bosch & Lewkowicz, 2015). However, the eye region also provides fundament
PMID 27196790

Bilateral Abducent Nerve Palsy After Neck Trauma: A Case Report.

Aminiahidashti H1, Shafiee S2, Sazegar M1, Nosrati N1.
Trauma monthly.Trauma Mon.2016 Feb 6;21(1):e31984. doi: 10.5812/traumamon.31984. eCollection 2016.
INTRODUCTION: The abducent nucleus is located in the upper part of the rhomboid fossa beneath the fourth ventricle in the caudal portion of the pons. The abducent nerve courses from its nucleus, to innervate the lateral rectus muscle. This nerve has the longest subarachnoid course of all the cranial
PMID 27218062

Utility of High-b-Value Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Evaluating Reversible Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus Syndrome Caused by Acute Brainstem Ischemia.

Miki Y1, Fujioka M2, Taoka T3, Tanaka H1, Chitoku S1, Matsuyama T1, Tanaka S4.
Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association.J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis.2015 Jun;24(6):e157-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2015.03.002. Epub 2015 Mar 30.
BACKGROUND: Medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) syndrome refers to a gaze disorder characterized by impaired adduction on the ipsilateral side to the injured MLF, with dissociated nystagmus of the contralateral abducting eye. The most common cause of the MLF syndrome is ischemic stroke. However, ac
PMID 25836632

Japanese Journal

Bilateral Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia with Unilateral Horizontal Gaze Paresis

Internal Medicine 51(12), 1645-1646, 2012
NAID 130002062185

Convergence Substitution in Pontine Tegmental Hemorrhage: An Observation with Frenzel Goggles

Internal Medicine 45(8), 553-555, 2006
NAID 130000076796

橋被蓋部出血により両側方注視麻痺,垂直方向性眼振,体幹・左上下肢失調を呈した症例のリハビリテーション経験

リハビリテーション医学 : 日本リハビリテーション医学会誌 39(5), 245-248, 2002-05-18
NAID 110001850204

「橋注視中枢」

Paramedian pontine reticular formation
	Axial section of the pons at the level of the facial colliculus (PPRF not labeled, but region is visible, near abducens nucleus)
Identifiers
NeuroNames	ancil-479
	Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy