針先瞳孔
WordNet
- locate exactly; "can you pinpoint the position of the enemy?"; "The chemists could not nail the identity of the chromosome" (同)nail
- a very brief moment; "they were strangers sharing a pinpoint of time together"
- the sharp point of a pin
- the contractile aperture in the center of the iris of the eye; resembles a large black dot
- young of any of various canines such as a dog or wolf (同)whelp
PrepTutorEJDIC
- ピン先 / 針先(ほどの…)《+『of』+『名』》 / …‘を'正確にねらう(示す,述べる) / ピン先ほどの,ごく小さな
- (一般にschoolに学ぶ)『生徒』;(個人指導を受けている)生徒,門下生,弟子
- ひとみ,瞳孔(どうこう)
- =puppy / (キツネ・オオカミ・アザラシなどの)子 / 〈雌犬が〉子犬を生む
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/11/11 15:31:18」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
Not to be confused with meiosis, mitosis, or myositis.
| Miosis |
|
Miosis due to opiate use
|
| Classification and external resources |
| Specialty |
ophthalmology |
| ICD-10 |
H57.0 |
| ICD-9-CM |
379.42 |
| DiseasesDB |
8243 |
| MeSH |
D015877 |
Miosis (or myosis, from Ancient Greek μύειν, mūein, "to close the eyes") is a term with various definitions, which generally include constriction of the pupil.
The opposite condition, mydriasis, is the dilation of the pupil. Anisocoria is the condition of one pupil being more dilated than the other.
Contents
- 1 Definitions
- 2 Physiology of the photomotor reflex
- 3 Causes
- 3.1 Age
- 3.2 Diseases
- 3.3 Drugs
- 4 See also
- 5 References
- 6 External links
Definitions
Definitions of miosis include:
- Constriction of the pupil that is excessive,[1] relative to the amount of light the pupil receives
- Constriction of the pupil to a diameter of less than two millimeters[not in citation given][2][3]
- Constriction of the pupil with causes including both abnormal and physiological ones.[not in citation given][4]
- Pupillary constriction by abnormal causes.[not in citation given][5]
Physiology of the photomotor reflex
Light entering the eye strikes three different photoreceptors in the retina: the familiar rods and cones used in image forming and the more newly discovered photosensitive ganglion cells. The ganglion cells give information about ambient light levels, and react sluggishly compared to the rods and cones. Signals from photosensitive ganglion cells have multiple functions including acute suppression of the hormone melatonin, entrainment of the body's circadian rhythms and regulation of the size of the pupil.
The retinal photoceptors convert light stimuli into electric impulses. Nerves involved in the resizing of the pupil connect to the pretectal nucleus of the high midbrain, bypassing the lateral geniculate nucleus and the primary visual cortex. From the pretectal nucleus neurons send axons to neurons of the Edinger-Westphal nucleus whose visceromotor axons run along both the left and right oculomotor nerves. Visceromotor nerve axons (which constitute a portion of cranial nerve III, along with the somatomotor portion derived from the Edinger-Westphal nucleus) synapse on ciliary ganglion neurons, whose parasympathetic axons innervate the iris sphincter muscle, producing miosis. This occurs because sympathetic activity from the ciliary ganglion is lost thus parasympathetics are not inhibited. Image
Causes
Age
- senile miosis (a reduction in the size of a person's pupil in old age)
Diseases
- Horner's syndrome
- Hemorrhage into pons (intracranial hemorrhage)
- Hereditary disorders
- Cluster Headaches with ptosis
- Iridocyclitis
- Fatal familial insomnia
Drugs
- Opioids such as fentanyl, morphine, heroin and methadone (the notable exception being demerol/pethidine)
- Imidazolines such as clonidine, naphazoline, Oxymetazoline and Tetrahydrozoline
- Antipsychotics, including risperdal, haloperidol, thorazine, olanzapine, quetiapine and others
- Cholinergic agents such as acetylcholine
- Some cancer chemotherapy drugs, including camptothecin derivatives
- Mirtazapine, a noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant (NaSSA)
- Trazodone
- Some MAO Inhibitors.
- Pilocarpine Eye drops and all other parasympathomimetics
- In some rare cases, when exposed to mustard gas.
- Organophosphates
See also
- Adie syndrome
- Argyll Robertson pupil
- Cycloplegia
- Marcus Gunn pupil
- Parinaud's syndrome
- Syphilis
References
- ^ Farlex medical dictionary citing:
- Miller-Keane Encyclopedia & Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing, and Allied Health, Seventh Edition.
- Saunders Comprehensive Veterinary Dictionary, 3 ed.
- ^ Seidel, Henry M.; Jane W. Ball; Joyce E. Dains; G. William Benedict (2006-03-29). Mosby's Guide to Physical Examination. Mosby. ISBN 978-0-32-303573-6.
- ^ Farlex medical dictionary citing: Millodot: Dictionary of Optometry and Visual Science, 7th edition.
- ^ Farlex medical dictionary citing: The American Heritage Medical Dictionary. Copyright 2007
- ^ Farlex medical dictionary citing: Mosby's Medical Dictionary, 8th edition.
External links
- FP Notebook
- -1254817782 at GPnotebook
|
Drugs used for glaucoma preparations and miosis (S01E)
|
|
| Sympathomimetics |
- Apraclonidine
- Brimonidine (+timolol)
- Clonidine
- Dipivefrine
- Epinephrine
|
|
| Parasympathomimetics |
| muscarinic |
|
|
| muscarinic/nicotinic |
|
|
| Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors |
- Demecarium
- Ecothiopate
- Stigmine (Fluostigmine
- Neostigmine
- Physostigmine)
- Paraoxon
|
|
|
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors/
(sulfonamides) |
- Acetazolamide
- Brinzolamide (+timolol)
- Diclofenamide
- Dorzolamide (+timolol)
- Methazolamide
|
|
| Beta blocking agents |
- Befunolol
- Betaxolol
- Carteolol
- Levobunolol
- Metipranolol
- Timolol
- Mepindolol
|
|
| Prostaglandin analogues (F2α) |
- Bimatoprost (+timolol)
- Latanoprost (+timolol)
- Tafluprost
- Travoprost (+timolol)
- Unoprostone
|
|
| Other agents |
|
|
|
Index of the eye
|
|
| Description |
- Anatomy
- Physiology
- Phenomena
- appearance
- visual
- optical illusions
- proteins
- Development
|
|
| Disease |
- Congenital
- Corneal dystrophy
- Neoplasms and cancer
- Other
- Symptoms and signs
|
|
| Treatment |
- Procedures
- Drugs
- infection
- glaucoma and miosis
- mydriatics
- vascular
|
|
|
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Pupillary effects of high-dose opioid quantified with infrared pupillometry.
- Rollins MD1, Feiner JR, Lee JM, Shah S, Larson M.
- Anesthesiology.Anesthesiology.2014 Nov;121(5):1037-44. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000384.
- BACKGROUND: The pupillary light reflex is a critical component of the neurologic examination, yet whether it is present, depressed, or absent is unknown in patients with significant opioid toxicity. Although opioids produce miosis by activating the pupillary sphincter muscle, these agents may induce
- PMID 25068603
- Pin-Point Pupils with Drowsiness as a Presentation of Hashimoto's Encephalopathy Mimicking Pontine Infarction.
- Yeh SJ1, Tsai LK1, Tang SC1, Jeng JS1.
- Acta neurologica Taiwanica.Acta Neurol Taiwan.2014 Mar;23(1):19-23.
- PURPOSE: Hashimoto's encephalopathy (HE) is an autoimmune-mediated encephalopathy with various manifestations. Pupil size change has never been previously reported as a presentation of HE.CASE REPORT: A 65-year-old woman without previous known thyroid disease presented with acute onset of drowsiness
- PMID 24833211
- Pediatric ziprasidone overdose.
- Fasano CJ1, O'Malley GF, Lares C, Rowden AK.
- Pediatric emergency care.Pediatr Emerg Care.2009 Apr;25(4):258-9. doi: 10.1097/PEC.0b013e31819e3775.
- We describe the first ziprasidone overdose with quantitative serum levels of a pediatric patient in coma and with pinpoint pupils. This case is an important contribution to the pediatric ziprasidone literature because it illustrates that ingestion of just 1 pill may result to profound mental status
- PMID 19369840
Related Links
- What Are Pinpoint Pupils?. Your pupil expands and contracts as a normal part of its function. One of the most common reasons for this change is to allow your pupil to expand to take in more light in low-light situations and to ...
- Abnormally constricted or “pinpoint” pupils are a great finding for our rapid diagnosis series. There are many things that can cause the pupil to abnormally dilate. Very few things will make the pupil abnormally constrict. Constricted ...
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- pinpoint pupils
- 同
- 針穴瞳孔 pinhole pupil
- 関
- 瞳孔、縮瞳
[show details]
鑑別疾患
[★]
[★]
子
- 関
- child、filial