針先瞳孔
WordNet
- locate exactly; "can you pinpoint the position of the enemy?"; "The chemists could not nail the identity of the chromosome" (同)nail
- a very brief moment; "they were strangers sharing a pinpoint of time together"
- the sharp point of a pin
- the contractile aperture in the center of the iris of the eye; resembles a large black dot
PrepTutorEJDIC
- ピン先 / 針先(ほどの…)《+『of』+『名』》 / …‘を'正確にねらう(示す,述べる) / ピン先ほどの,ごく小さな
- (一般にschoolに学ぶ)『生徒』;(個人指導を受けている)生徒,門下生,弟子
- ひとみ,瞳孔(どうこう)
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/11/21 16:53:28」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
Not to be confused with meiosis, mitosis, or myositis.
| Miosis |
|
Miosis due to opiate use
|
| Classification and external resources |
| Specialty |
ophthalmology |
| ICD-10 |
H57.0 |
| ICD-9-CM |
379.42 |
| DiseasesDB |
8243 |
| MeSH |
D015877 |
Miosis (or myosis, from Ancient Greek μύειν, mūein, "to close the eyes") is a term with various definitions, which generally include constriction of the pupil.
The opposite condition, mydriasis, is the dilation of the pupil. Anisocoria is the condition of one pupil being more dilated than the other.
Contents
- 1 Definitions
- 2 Physiology of the photomotor reflex
- 3 Causes
- 3.1 Age
- 3.2 Diseases
- 3.3 Drugs
- 4 See also
- 5 References
- 6 External links
Definitions
Definitions of miosis include:
- Constriction of the pupil that is excessive,[1] relative to the amount of light the pupil receives
- Constriction of the pupil to a diameter of less than two millimeters[not in citation given][2][3]
- Constriction of the pupil with causes including both abnormal and physiological ones.[not in citation given][4]
- Pupillary constriction by abnormal causes.[not in citation given][5]
Physiology of the photomotor reflex
Light entering the eye strikes three different photoreceptors in the retina: the familiar rods and cones used in image forming and the more newly discovered photosensitive ganglion cells. The ganglion cells give information about ambient light levels, and react sluggishly compared to the rods and cones. Signals from photosensitive ganglion cells have multiple functions including acute suppression of the hormone melatonin, entrainment of the body's circadian rhythms and regulation of the size of the pupil.
The retinal photoceptors convert light stimuli into electric impulses. Nerves involved in the resizing of the pupil connect to the pretectal nucleus of the high midbrain, bypassing the lateral geniculate nucleus and the primary visual cortex. From the pretectal nucleus neurons send axons to neurons of the Edinger-Westphal nucleus whose visceromotor axons run along both the left and right oculomotor nerves. Visceromotor nerve axons (which constitute a portion of cranial nerve III, along with the somatomotor portion derived from the Edinger-Westphal nucleus) synapse on ciliary ganglion neurons, whose parasympathetic axons innervate the iris sphincter muscle, producing miosis. This occurs because sympathetic activity from the ciliary ganglion is lost thus parasympathetics are not inhibited. Image
Causes
Age
- senile miosis (a reduction in the size of a person's pupil in old age)
Diseases
- Horner's syndrome
- Hemorrhage into pons (intracranial hemorrhage)
- Hereditary disorders
- Cluster Headaches with ptosis
- Iridocyclitis
- Fatal familial insomnia
Drugs
- Opioids such as fentanyl, morphine, heroin and methadone (the notable exception being demerol/pethidine)
- Imidazolines such as clonidine, naphazoline, Oxymetazoline and Tetrahydrozoline
- Antipsychotics, including risperdal, haloperidol, thorazine, olanzapine, quetiapine and others
- Cholinergic agents such as acetylcholine
- Some cancer chemotherapy drugs, including camptothecin derivatives
- Mirtazapine, a noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant (NaSSA)
- Trazodone
- Some MAO Inhibitors.
- Pilocarpine Eye drops and all other parasympathomimetics
- In some rare cases, when exposed to mustard gas.
- Organophosphates
See also
- Adie syndrome
- Argyll Robertson pupil
- Cycloplegia
- Marcus Gunn pupil
- Parinaud's syndrome
- Syphilis
References
- ^ Farlex medical dictionary citing:
- Miller-Keane Encyclopedia & Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing, and Allied Health, Seventh Edition.
- Saunders Comprehensive Veterinary Dictionary, 3 ed.
- ^ Seidel, Henry M.; Jane W. Ball; Joyce E. Dains; G. William Benedict (2006-03-29). Mosby's Guide to Physical Examination. Mosby. ISBN 978-0-32-303573-6.
- ^ Farlex medical dictionary citing: Millodot: Dictionary of Optometry and Visual Science, 7th edition.
- ^ Farlex medical dictionary citing: The American Heritage Medical Dictionary. Copyright 2007
- ^ Farlex medical dictionary citing: Mosby's Medical Dictionary, 8th edition.
External links
- FP Notebook
- -1254817782 at GPnotebook
|
Drugs used for glaucoma preparations and miosis (S01E)
|
|
| Sympathomimetics |
- Apraclonidine
- Brimonidine (+timolol)
- Clonidine
- Dipivefrine
- Epinephrine
|
|
| Parasympathomimetics |
| muscarinic |
|
|
| muscarinic/nicotinic |
|
|
| Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors |
- Demecarium
- Ecothiopate
- Stigmine (Fluostigmine
- Neostigmine
- Physostigmine)
- Paraoxon
|
|
|
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors/
(sulfonamides) |
- Acetazolamide
- Brinzolamide (+timolol)
- Diclofenamide
- Dorzolamide (+timolol)
- Methazolamide
|
|
| Beta blocking agents |
- Befunolol
- Betaxolol
- Carteolol
- Levobunolol
- Metipranolol
- Timolol
- Mepindolol
|
|
| Prostaglandin analogues (F2α) |
- Bimatoprost (+timolol)
- Latanoprost (+timolol)
- Tafluprost
- Travoprost (+timolol)
- Unoprostone
|
|
| Other agents |
|
|
|
Index of the eye
|
|
| Description |
- Anatomy
- Physiology
- Phenomena
- appearance
- visual
- optical illusions
- proteins
- Development
|
|
| Disease |
- Congenital
- Corneal dystrophy
- Neoplasms and cancer
- Other
- Symptoms and signs
|
|
| Treatment |
- Procedures
- Drugs
- infection
- glaucoma and miosis
- mydriatics
- vascular
|
|
|
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Cardiovascular and neuroendocrine features of Panayiotopoulos syndrome in three siblings.
- Gonzalez-Duarte A, Norcliffe-Kaufmann L, Martinez J, Rodriguez AJ, Kuzniecky R, Axelrod F, Kaufmann H.SourceInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico. gonzalezduarte@aol.com
- Epilepsy & behavior : E&B.Epilepsy Behav.2011 Jul;21(3):296-300. Epub 2011 Apr 7.
- OBJECTIVE: Panayiotopoulos syndrome is a benign idiopathic childhood epilepsy characterized by altered autonomic activity at seizure onset.METHODS: Three siblings with Panayiotopoulos syndrome underwent 24-hour EEG recording and head-up tilt testing with continuous blood pressure and RR interval mon
- PMID 21474385
- Accidental organophosphate insecticide intoxication in children: a reminder.
- van Heel W, Hachimi-Idrissi S.SourceUniversitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium. said.hachimiidrissi@uzbrussel.be.
- International journal of emergency medicine.Int J Emerg Med.2011 Jun 15;4(1):32.
- Misuse of organophosphate insecticides, even in case of domestic application, can be life threatening. We report the case of siblings admitted with respiratory distress, pinpoint pupils and slurred speech. The symptoms appear after spraying the skin by insecticides. Plasma pseudocholinesterase level
- PMID 21676238
Japanese Journal
- 原発性橋出血７４例の臨床的検討 臨床症状，ＣＴ所見と転帰について:臨床症状, CT所見と転帰について
- 発症24時間以内に搬入された橋出血26例の検討:意識, 瞳孔およびCT所見と予後との関連について
Related Links
- What Are Pinpoint Pupils?. Your pupil expands and contracts as a normal part of its function. One of the most common reasons for this change is to allow your pupil to expand to take in more light in low-light situations ...
- Pinpoint pupils are often caused by stroke, drug use, and head injuries. People also get pinpoint pupils after looking into a... ... Pinpoint pupils can be caused by opioid, benzodiazepine or other myotic drug use, as well as exposure ...
- Abnormally constricted or “pinpoint” pupils are a great finding for our rapid diagnosis series. There are many things that can cause the pupil to abnormally dilate. Very few things will make the pupil abnormally constrict. Constricted ...
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- pinpoint pupils
- 同
- 針穴瞳孔 pinhole pupil
- 関
- 瞳孔、縮瞳
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鑑別疾患
[★]