WordNet

a serous membrane with two layers that surrounds the heart
(Persian folklore) a supernatural being descended from fallen angels and excluded from paradise until penance is done
a beautiful and graceful girl
located around the heart or relating to or affecting the pericardium; "pericardial space" (同)pericardiac

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/10/31 22:58:56」(JST)

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"Pericard" redirects here. For the footballer, see Vincent Pericard.

The pericardium (from the Greek περι, "around" and κάρδιον, "heart" /perikardion/) is a double-walled sac containing the heart and the roots of the great vessels.

Layers

Pericardium is a tough double layered membrane which covers the heart. The space between the two layers of it is filled with a pericardium fluid which protects the heart from any kind of external jerk or shock. There are two layers to the pericardial sac: the outermost fibrous pericardium and the inner serous pericardium. The serous pericardium, in turn, is divided into two layers, the parietal pericardium, which is fused to and inseparable from the fibrous pericardium, and the visceral pericardium, which is part of the epicardium. The epicardium is the layer immediately outside of the heart muscle proper (the myocardium).

The visceral layer extends to the beginning of the great vessels, becoming one with the parietal layer of the serous pericardium. This happens at two areas; where the aorta and pulmonary trunk leave the heart and where the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava and pulmonary veins enter the heart.

In between the parietal and visceral pericardial layers there is a potential space called the pericardial cavity. It is normally lubricated by a film of pericardial fluid. Too much fluid in the cavity (such as in a pericardial effusion) can result in pericardial tamponade (compression of the heart within the pericardial sac). A pericardectomy is sometimes needed in these cases.

Functions

Fixes heart in mediastinum and limits its motion
Protection from infections coming from other organs (such as lungs)
Prevents excessive dilation of heart in cases of acute volume overload
Lubrication

Anatomical relationships

Surrounds heart and bases of pulmonary artery and aorta.
Deep to sternum and anterior chest wall.
The right phrenic nerve passes to the right of the pericardium.
The left phrenic nerve passes over the pericardium of the left ventricle.
Pericardial arteries supply blood to the dorsal portion of the pericardium.

Diseases and abnormalities

Pericarditis resulting in pericardial friction rub
Pericardial effusion which may lead to cardiac tamponade.
Cardiac Tamponade as a primary pathology following traumatic injury.

Relating topics

Pericardial sinus

Additional images

Pericardium
The phrenic nerve and its relations with the vagus nerve.
Thoracic portion of the sympathetic trunk.
Liver with the septum transversum. Human embryo 3 mm. long.
The thymus of a full-term fetus, exposed in situ.
Fetal pericardium
Pericardium
Pericardium
Pericardium
Pericardium

References

External links

SUNY Labs 21:st-1500 - "Mediastinum: Pericardium (pericardial sac)"
thoraxlesson4 at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) (heartpericardium)

UpToDate Contents

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1. 心膜の心エコー評価 echocardiographic evaluation of the pericardium
2. 心嚢液貯留の診断および治療 diagnosis and treatment of pericardial effusion
3. 心膜疾患の病因 etiology of pericardial disease
4. 収縮性心膜炎 constrictive pericarditis
5. 心タンポナーデ cardiac tamponade

English Journal

Integrating eFAST in the initial management of stable trauma patients: the end of plain film radiography.

Hamada SR1, Delhaye N2, Kerever S3,4,5, Harrois A6, Duranteau J6.
Annals of intensive care.Ann Intensive Care.2016 Dec;6(1):62. doi: 10.1186/s13613-016-0166-0. Epub 2016 Jul 11.
BACKGROUND: The initial management of a trauma patient is a critical and demanding period. The use of extended focused assessment sonography for trauma (eFAST) has become more prevalent in trauma rooms, raising questions about the real "added value" of chest X-rays (CXRs) and pelvic X-rays (PXR), pa
PMID 27401440

Impact of the surgical wound closure technique on the revision surgery rate after subtotal petrosectomy.

Lyutenski S1, Schwab B2, Lenarz T2, Salcher R2, Majdani O2.
European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery.Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol.2016 Nov;273(11):3641-3646. Epub 2016 Mar 25.
The objective of the study was to examine the impact of the surgical wound closure technique as protection of the obliterated tympanomastoid cavity on the revision surgery rate after subtotal petrosectomy (SP). This is a retrospective case series conducted in a tertiary care referral center. 199 pat
PMID 27015665

Aortic intimal separation resulting from manual cardiopulmonary resuscitation-completing the spectrum of blunt thoracic aortic injury complicating CPR.

Williams AS1, Castonguay M1, Murray SK2.
International journal of legal medicine.Int J Legal Med.2016 Nov;130(6):1581-1585. Epub 2016 May 30.
Blunt thoracic aortic injury (BTAI) resulting from cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is rarely reported and most reports are of aortic rupture. Clinical reports have also documented aortic dissection and intramural hematomas with sequential imaging showing the development of these aortic injuries
PMID 27241160

Japanese Journal

Reconstruction of the Superior Vena Cava Following Invasive Thymoma Resection by Monitoring Cerebral Oxygenation

Miyazaki Takuro.et.al
Acta medica Nagasakiensia 57(2), 53-56, 2012-07
… Invasive thymoma often invades adjacent organs, such as the pleura, lungs, pericardium, and great vessels; …
NAID 110009442918

乳牛の血様液貯留を特徴とする特発性心嚢水腫症例と心膜炎症例の臨床病理学的検査所見の比較

猪熊壽,滄木孝弘,山川和宏,竹内俊彦,松本高太郎,石井三都夫,古林与志安,古岡秀文
日本獣医師会雑誌 = Journal of the Japan Veterinary Medical Association 65(6), 436-440, 2012-06-20
NAID 10030648393

胸腔鏡下の術野展開と取り出しに工夫を要した巨大神経鞘腫の1切除例

伊藤祥隆,小林弘明
日本呼吸器外科学会雑誌 = The journal of the Japanese Association for Chest Surgery 26(4), 459-462, 2012-05-15
症例は78歳女性．個別健診の胸部レントゲン写真にて異常陰影を指摘され，当院を受診した．胸部CT検査では縦隔の食道・左心房・椎体に囲まれる部位に6×5×11 cmの腫瘤性陰影を認めた．MRI検査ではT2強調像では辺縁が低信号を呈し，内部が高信号を呈していた．以上から神経原性腫瘍疑いにて胸腔鏡手術を行った．長径11 cmの巨大な腫瘍は表面平滑かつ弾性硬であり鉗子による把持が困難であったため，エンドルー …
NAID 10030435817

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「心膜」「peri」「心嚢」「pericardial」「cardiac sac」
拡張検索	「hydropericardium」「hemopericardium」「pneumopericardium」

「心膜」

Pericardium
	Posterior wall of the pericardial sac, showing the lines of reflection of the serous pericardium on the great vessels.
	A transverse section of the thorax, showing the contents of the middle and the posterior mediastinum. The pleural and pericardial cavities are exaggerated since normally there is no space between parietal and visceral pleura and between pericardium and heart Paricardium is also known as cariac epidemis.
Gray's	subject #137 524
Artery	pericardiacophrenic artery
MeSH	Pericardium