WordNet

a dense fibrous membrane covering the surface of bones (except at their extremities) and serving as an attachment for tendons and muscles; contains nerves and blood vessels that nourish the enclosed bone
(Persian folklore) a supernatural being descended from fallen angels and excluded from paradise until penance is done
a beautiful and graceful girl

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/09/27 22:40:08」(JST)

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Periosteum (from Greek περί (peri 'around') and ὀστοῦν(ostoun 'bone')) is a membrane that covers the outer surface of all bones,^[1] except at the joints of long bones.^{[nb 1]} Endosteum lines the inner surface of all bones.

Structure

The periosteum consists of an inner osteogenic layer and an outer fibrous layer

Periosteum consists of dense irregular connective tissue. Periosteum is divided into an outer "fibrous layer" and inner "cambium layer" (or "osteogenic layer"). The fibrous layer contains fibroblasts, while the cambium layer contains progenitor cells that develop into osteoblasts. These osteoblasts are responsible for increasing the width of a long bone^{[nb 2]} and the overall size of the other bone types. After a bone fracture the progenitor cells develop into osteoblasts and chondroblasts, which are essential to the healing process.

As opposed to osseous tissue, periosteum has nociceptive nerve endings, making it very sensitive to manipulation. It also provides nourishment by providing the blood supply to the body from the marrow.^[2] Periosteum is attached to bone by strong collagenous fibers called Sharpey's fibres, which extend to the outer circumferential and interstitial lamellae. It also provides an attachment for muscles and tendons.

Periosteum that covers the outer surface of the bones of the skull is known as "pericranium" except when in reference to the layers of the scalp.

Etymology

The word Periosteum is derived from the Greek Peri- meaning "surrounding" and -osteon, meaning "bone". The Peri refers to the fact that the Periosteum is the outermost layer of long bones, surrounding other inner layers.^[3]

Additional images

Diagrammatic section of head.

Notes

^ At the joints of long bones the bone's outer surface is lined with "articular cartilage", a type of hyaline cartilage.
^ The length of a long bone is controlled by the epiphyseal plate.

References

^ Netter, Frank H.; Dingle, Regina V.; Mankin, Henry J. (1990). Musculoskeletal system: anatomy, physiology, and metabolic disorders. Summit, New Jersey: Ciba-Geigy Corporation. p. 170. ISBN 0-914168-88-6.
^ Modric, Jan. "Periosteum". eHealthStar. Retrieved 10 July 2014.
^ "peri-". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved 7 July 2013.

Bibliography

Brighton, Carl T. and Robert M. Hunt (1997), "Early histologic and ultrastructural changes in microvessels of periosteal callus", Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma, 11 (4): 244-253

External links

periosteum - InnerBody

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

A computational model for cell/ECM growth on 3D surfaces using the level set method: a bone tissue engineering case study.

Guyot Y1, Papantoniou I, Chai YC, Van Bael S, Schrooten J, Geris L.
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PMID 24696122

Plasma fluoride level as a predictor of voriconazole-induced periostitis in patients with skeletal pain.

Moon WJ1, Scheller EL2, Suneja A1, Livermore JA3, Malani AN4, Moudgal V4, Kerr LE5, Ferguson E3, Vandenberg DM1.
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Skeletal tissue engineering using mesenchymal or embryonic stem cells: clinical and experimental data.

Gamie Z1, MacFarlane RJ, Tomkinson A, Moniakis A, Tran GT, Gamie Y, Mantalaris A, Tsiridis E.
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INTRODUCTION: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be obtained from a wide variety of tissues for bone tissue engineering such as bone marrow, adipose, birth-associated, peripheral blood, periosteum, dental and muscle. MSCs from human fetal bone marrow and embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are also promising
PMID 25303322

Japanese Journal

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戸田雅子,大野純,尾崎正雄,早川徹,福島忠男
日本歯科理工学会誌 31(5), 391, 2012-09-25
… To elucidate the osteogenic induction of DNA/protamine complex in a rat calvarial critical size defect, we collected cells by an outgrowth culture from periosteum-like fibrous connective tissue (PO-like FCT) in the defect and examined their characteristics. …
NAID 110009517755

副甲状腺ホルモン間欠的投与による骨膜細胞の増殖および分化に与える影響

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日本口腔インプラント学会誌 = Journal of Japanese Society of Oral Implantology 25(2), 247-255, 2012-06-30
NAID 10030955033

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「peri」「骨膜」「periostea」「periosteal」

「peri」

Periosteum
	The periosteum covers the outside of bones.
	Meninges of the CNS
Identifiers
Code	TH H2.00.03.7.00018
Dorlands; /Elsevier	p_13/12628368
	Anatomical terminology