WordNet

small room in which a monk or nun lives (同)cubicle
a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction (同)electric cell
a room where a prisoner is kept (同)jail cell, prison cell
(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
any small compartment; "the cells of a honeycomb"
a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement (同)cadre
a fibrous band of scar tissue that binds together normally separate anatomical structures
abnormal union of bodily tissues; most common in the abdomen
of or relating to neurons; "neural network" (同)neuronal, neuronic
(physics and chemistry) the simplest structural unit of an element or compound

PrepTutorEJDIC

(刑務所の)『独房』;(修道院の)小さい独居室 / (ミツバチの)みつ房,巣穴 / 小さい部屋 / 『細胞』 / 電池 / 花粉室 / (共産党などの)細胞
粘着,付着
神経[系統]の
分子《略》『mol』) / (一般に)(…の)微量《+『of』+『名』》

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2018/08/12 18:38:23」(JST)

wiki en

Neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), also called CD56, is a homophilic binding glycoprotein expressed on the surface of neurons, glia and skeletal muscle. Although CD56 is often considered a marker of neural lineage commitment due to its discovery site, CD56 expression is also found in, among others, the hematopoietic system. Here, the expression of CD56 is most stringently associated with, but certainly not limited to, natural killer cells. CD56 has been detected on other lymphoid cells, including gamma delta (γδ) Τ cells and activated CD8+ T cells, as well as on dendritic cells.^[5] NCAM has been implicated as having a role in cell–cell adhesion,^[6] neurite outgrowth, synaptic plasticity, and learning and memory.

Forms, domains and homophilic binding

NCAM is a glycoprotein of Immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily. At least 27 alternatively spliced NCAM mRNAs are produced, giving a wide diversity of NCAM isoforms.^[7] The three main isoforms of NCAM vary only in their cytoplasmic domain:

NCAM-120kDa (GPI anchored)
NCAM-140kDa (short cytoplasmic domain)
NCAM-180kDa (long cytoplasmic domain)

The extracellular domain of NCAM consists of five immunoglobulin-like (Ig) domains followed by two fibronectin type III (FNIII) domains. The different domains of NCAM have been shown to have different roles, with the Ig domains being involved in homophilic binding to NCAM, and the FNIII domains being involved signaling leading to neurite outgrowth.

Homophilic binding occurs between NCAM molecules on opposing surfaces (trans-) and NCAM molecules on the same surface (cis-)1. There is much controversy as to how exactly NCAM homophilic binding is arranged both in trans- and cis-. Current models suggest trans- homophilic binding occurs between two NCAM molecules binding antiparallel between all five Ig domains or just IgI and IgII. cis- homophilic binding is thought to occur by interactions between both IgI and IgII, and IgI and IgIII, forming a higher order NCAM multimer. Both cis- and trans- NCAM homophilic binding have been shown to be important in NCAM “activation” leading to neurite outgrowth.

Minor exons

Another layer of complexity is created by the insertion of other "minor" exons in the NCAM transcript. The two most notable are:

the VASE (VAriable domain Spliced Exon) exon which is thought to correlate with an inhibition of the neurite outgrowth promoting properties of NCAM.
the MSD (Muscle Specific Domain), which is thought to play a positive role in myoblast fusion.^[8] In skeletal muscle it is found in all three NCAM isoforms, increasing their MW, giving NCAM-125, NCAM-145, and NCAM-185 isoforms, but is most commonly found in the NCAM-125 isoform.^[8]

Posttranslational modification

NCAM exhibits glycoforms as it can be posttranslationally modified by the addition of polysialic acid (PSA) to the fifth Ig domain, which is thought to abrogate its homophilic binding properties and can lead to reduced cell adhesion important in cell migration and invasion. PSA has been shown to be critical in learning and memory. Removal of PSA from NCAM by the enzyme endoneuraminidase (EndoN) has been shown to abolish long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD).^[9]^[10]^[11]

Expression in normal cells

The neural cell adhesion molecule NCAM1 appears on early embryonic cells and is important in the formation of cell collectives and their boundaries at sites of morphogenesis.

Later in development, NCAM1 (CD56) expression is found on various differentiated tissues and is a major CAM mediating adhesion among neurons and between neurons and muscle.

Function

NCAM is thought to signal to induce neurite outgrowth via the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) and act upon the p59Fyn signaling pathway.

In nerves, NCAM1 regulates homophilic (like-like) interactions between neurons and between neurons and muscle; it associates with fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) and stimulates tyrosine kinase activity of receptor to induce neurite outgrowth. When neural crest cells stop making N-CAM and N-cadherin, and start displaying integrin receptors, cells separate and migrate.

During hematopoiesis, CD56 is the prototypic marker of NK cells, also present on subset of CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells.

In cell adhesion, CD56 contributes to cell-cell adhesion or cell-matrix adhesion during embryonic development.

Pathology

In anatomic pathology, pathologists make use of CD56 immunohistochemistry to recognize certain tumors.

Normal cells that stain positively for CD56 include NK cells, activated T cells, the brain and cerebellum, and neuroendocrine tissues.
Tumors that are CD56-positive are myeloma, myeloid leukemia, neuroendocrine tumors, Wilms' tumor, neuroblastoma, NK/T cell lymphomas, pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma, pheochromocytoma, paraganglioma, small cell lung carcinoma, and the Ewing's sarcoma family of tumors.

Alzheimers

NCAM2 is found in lower levels in synapses in the hippocampuses of Alzheimers sufferers and is found to be broken down by beta-amyloid^[12]

Anti-NCAM therapy

NCAM has been used as a target molecule for experimental antibody-based immunotherapy. Successful radioimmunolocalisation of metastases was demonstrated after giving injections of NCAM-binding 123J-UJ13a or 131J-UJ13a radioimmunoconjugates to children with neuroblastoma. Patients with small cell lung cancer were treated with the anti-NCAM immunotoxine huN901-DM1 in two different clinical studies, revealing acceptable toxicity and signs of clinical response.^[13]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000149294 - Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000039542 - Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:".
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:".
^ Van Acker HH, Capsomidis A, Smits EL, Van Tendeloo VF (2017). "CD56 in the Immune System: More Than a Marker for Cytotoxicity?". Frontiers in Immunology. 8: 892. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.00892. PMC 5522883 . PMID 28791027.
^ Pathology Outlines
^ Reyes AA, Small SJ, Akeson R (March 1991). "At least 27 alternatively spliced forms of the neural cell adhesion molecule mRNA are expressed during rat heart development". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 11 (3): 1654–61. doi:10.1128/mcb.11.3.1654. PMC 369464 . PMID 1996115.
^ ^a ^b Suzuki M, Angata K, Nakayama J, Fukuda M (December 2003). "Polysialic acid and mucin type o-glycans on the neural cell adhesion molecule differentially regulate myoblast fusion". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278 (49): 49459–68. doi:10.1074/jbc.M308316200. PMID 13679364.
^ Becker CG, Artola A, Gerardy-Schahn R, Becker T, Welzl H, Schachner M (July 1996). "The polysialic acid modification of the neural cell adhesion molecule is involved in spatial learning and hippocampal long-term potentiation". Journal of Neuroscience Research. 45 (2): 143–52. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4547(19960715)45:2<143::AID-JNR6>3.0.CO;2-A. PMID 8843031.
^ Stoenica L, Senkov O, Gerardy-Schahn R, Weinhold B, Schachner M, Dityatev A (May 2006). "In vivo synaptic plasticity in the dentate gyrus of mice deficient in the neural cell adhesion molecule NCAM or its polysialic acid". The European Journal of Neuroscience. 23 (9): 2255–64. doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2006.04771.x. PMID 16706834.
^ Senkov O, Sun M, Weinhold B, Gerardy-Schahn R, Schachner M, Dityatev A (October 2006). "Polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule is involved in induction of long-term potentiation and memory acquisition and consolidation in a fear-conditioning paradigm". The Journal of Neuroscience. 26 (42): 10888–109898. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0878-06.2006. PMID 17050727.
^ Leshchyns'ka I, Liew HT, Shepherd C, Halliday GM, Stevens CH, Ke YD, Ittner LM, Sytnyk V (November 2015). "Aβ-dependent reduction of NCAM2-mediated synaptic adhesion contributes to synapse loss in Alzheimer's disease". Nature Communications. 6: 8836. doi:10.1038/ncomms9836. PMC 4674770 . PMID 26611261.
^ Jensen M, Berthold F (December 2007). "Targeting the neural cell adhesion molecule in cancer". Cancer Letters. 258 (1): 9–21. doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2007.09.004. PMID 17949897.

External links

Neural+Cell+Adhesion+Molecule at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

UpToDate Contents

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1. ナチュラルキラー（NK）細胞大顆粒リンパ球性白血病 natural killer nk cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia
2. 小細胞肺癌の病理および病期分類 pathobiology and staging of small cell carcinoma of the lung
3. NK細胞欠損症候群：臨床症状および診断 nk cell deficiency syndromes clinical manifestations and diagnosis
4. 子宮頸部の小細胞神経内分泌癌 small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix
5. 造血細胞移植後の移植片対腫瘍効果の生物学 biology of the graft versus tumor effect following hematopoietic cell transplantation

English Journal

Abnormalities of quantities and functions of CD56bright natural killer cells in non-severe aplastic Anemia.

Li Y, Ding S, Liu C, Chen T, Liu H, Li L, Shao Z, Fu R.
Hematology (Amsterdam, Netherlands). 2019 Dec;24(1)405-412.
The mechanism of non-severe aplastic anemia (NSAA) is not clear. It may be different from severe aplastic anemia (SAA). CD56bright NK cells (regulatory NK cells) is a subgroup of NK cells that produce immunoregulatory cytokines and express high-affinity IL-2 receptor. To investigate CD56bright NK ce
PMID 30907293

Constraint-induced movement therapy enhances angiogenesis and neurogenesis after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion.

Zhai ZY, Feng J.
Neural regeneration research. 2019 Oct;14(10)1743-1754.
Constraint-induced movement therapy after cerebral ischemia stimulates axonal growth by decreasing expression levels of Nogo-A, RhoA, and Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) in the ischemic boundary zone. However, it remains unclear if there are any associations between the Nogo-A/RhoA/ROCK pathway and ang
PMID 31169192

Evolutionarily conserved and divergent functions for cell adhesion molecules in neural circuit assembly.

, K K, B B, B B, h h, .
The Journal of comparative neurology. 2019 Aug;527(12)2061-2068.
The developing nervous system generates remarkably precise synaptic connections between neurons and their postsynaptic target cells. Numerous neural cell adhesion proteins have been identified to mediate cell recognition between synaptic partners in several model organisms. Here, I review the role o
PMID 30779135

Japanese Journal

Sensory-Neuron Subtype-Specific Transcriptional Programs Controlling Dendrite Morphogenesis: Genome-wide Analysis of Abrupt and Knot/Collier

Hattori Yukako,Usui Tadao,Satoh Daisuke,Moriyama Sanefumi,Shimono Kohei,Itoh Takehiko,Shirahige Katsuhiko,Uemura Tadashi
Developmental Cell
… Their profiles were similarly enriched in cell-type-specific enhancers of genes implicated in neural development. … Furthermore, a common target gene, encoding the cell adhesion molecule Ten-m, was expressed more strongly in class I than IV, and this differential was critical to the class-selective directional control of dendritic branch sprouting or extension. …
NAID 120005348995

光ピンセットによる神経細胞接着分子の集合操作

武田尚子,工藤卓,田口隆久,細川千絵
電気学会研究会資料. MBE, 医用・生体工学研究会 2012(65), 1-5, 2012-09-19
NAID 10031118900

The Involvement of Cleavage of Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule in Neuronal Death under Oxidative Stress Conditions in Cultured Cortical Neurons

Fujita-Hamabe Wakako,Tokuyama Shogo
Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 35(4), 624-628, 2012
… Neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily with an important function in the central nervous system, particularly in synapse stabilization and neurite outgrowth. … After exposure to oxidative stress, cell death of cultured cortical neurons was gradually increased in a time-dependent manner. …
NAID 130001872215

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「CD56」「NCAM」「神経細胞接着分子」「神経細胞接着因子」「neuronal cell adhesion molecule」
拡張検索	「neural cell adhesion molecule L1」
関連記事	「neural」「adhesion」「neural cell」「molecule」「cell」

「CD56」

NCAM1
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	2E3V, 2HAZ, 2VKW, 2VKX, 3MTR, 5AEA
Identifiers
Aliases	NCAM1, CD56, MSK39, NCAM, neural cell adhesion molecule 1
External IDs	OMIM: 116930 MGI: 97281 HomoloGene: 40754 GeneCards: NCAM1
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 11 (human)
End	113,278,436 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 9 (mouse)
End	49,798,925 bp
RNA expression pattern
	; ;
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	• virus receptor activity; • identical protein binding; • Ras guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity;
Cellular component	• integral component of membrane; • membrane; • Golgi membrane; • plasma membrane; • extracellular region; • cell surface; • anchored component of membrane; • extracellular exosome; • external side of plasma membrane; • cytosol; • extracellular matrix;
Biological process	• interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway; • MAPK cascade; • axon guidance; • cell adhesion; • viral entry into host cell; • viral process; • regulation of molecular function; • neuron projection development; • regulation of synaptic plasticity;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	4684
	17967
	ENSG00000149294
	ENSMUSG00000039542
	P13591
	P13595
	NM_181351; NM_000615; NM_001076682; NM_001242607; NM_001242608
	NM_001081445; NM_001113204; NM_010875; NM_001311065
	NP_000606; NP_001070150; NP_001229536; NP_001229537; NP_851996
	NP_001074914; NP_001106675; NP_001297994; NP_035005
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

　　[★]

同: neural cell adhesion molecule
関: CD

概念

細胞接着に関与するNCAMアイソフォーム

発現細胞

NK細胞

分子量

135-220 kDa

機能

isoform of neural cell-adhesion molecule(NCAM), adhesion molecule

別名

NKH-1

ファミリー

immunoglobulin

臨床関連

多発性骨髄腫

骨髄腫細胞は形質細胞でありながらCD56(+)となる。

「NCAM」

　　[★]

神経細胞接着分子、神経細胞接着因子

関: neural cell adhesion molecule、neuronal cell adhesion molecule

同: neural cell adhesion molecule

「神経細胞接着分子」

　　[★]

英: neural cell adhesion molecule、neuronal cell adhesion molecule、NCAM
関: 神経細胞接着因子

「神経細胞接着因子」

　　[★]

英: neural cell adhesion molecule、NCAM
関: 神経細胞接着分子

「neuronal cell adhesion molecule」

　　[★]

神経細胞接着分子

関: NCAM、neural cell adhesion molecule

「neural cell adhesion molecule L1」

　　[★]

神経細胞接着分子L1

関: cell adhesion molecule L1、L1 cell adhesion molecule、L1CAM

「neural」

　　[★]

adj.

神経の、神経性の、神経型の

関: nerve、nervi、nervosa、nervous、nervus、neurally、neuro、neurogenic、neurologic、neurological、neuron、neuronal、neuronally

「adhesion」

　　[★]

n

接着、付着、粘着、粘着力、凝着、密着、溶着、癒着、支持、索状帯。固守、執着

「neural cell」

　　[★]

神経系細胞、神経細胞

関: nerve cell、neuron、neuronal、neuronal cell、neurone

「molecule」

　　[★]

分子

関: mol、molecular、numerator

「cell」

　　[★] 細胞　　　　　　　

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000149294 - Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000039542 - Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:".

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:".

[5] Van Acker HH, Capsomidis A, Smits EL, Van Tendeloo VF (2017). "CD56 in the Immune System: More Than a Marker for Cytotoxicity?". Frontiers in Immunology. 8: 892. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.00892. PMC 5522883 . PMID 28791027.

[6] Pathology Outlines

[7] Reyes AA, Small SJ, Akeson R (March 1991). "At least 27 alternatively spliced forms of the neural cell adhesion molecule mRNA are expressed during rat heart development". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 11 (3): 1654–61. doi:10.1128/mcb.11.3.1654. PMC 369464 . PMID 1996115.

[Suzuki2003-8] Suzuki M, Angata K, Nakayama J, Fukuda M (December 2003). "Polysialic acid and mucin type o-glycans on the neural cell adhesion molecule differentially regulate myoblast fusion". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278 (49): 49459–68. doi:10.1074/jbc.M308316200. PMID 13679364.

[9] Becker CG, Artola A, Gerardy-Schahn R, Becker T, Welzl H, Schachner M (July 1996). "The polysialic acid modification of the neural cell adhesion molecule is involved in spatial learning and hippocampal long-term potentiation". Journal of Neuroscience Research. 45 (2): 143–52. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4547(19960715)45:2<143::AID-JNR6>3.0.CO;2-A. PMID 8843031.

[10] Stoenica L, Senkov O, Gerardy-Schahn R, Weinhold B, Schachner M, Dityatev A (May 2006). "In vivo synaptic plasticity in the dentate gyrus of mice deficient in the neural cell adhesion molecule NCAM or its polysialic acid". The European Journal of Neuroscience. 23 (9): 2255–64. doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2006.04771.x. PMID 16706834.

[11] Senkov O, Sun M, Weinhold B, Gerardy-Schahn R, Schachner M, Dityatev A (October 2006). "Polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule is involved in induction of long-term potentiation and memory acquisition and consolidation in a fear-conditioning paradigm". The Journal of Neuroscience. 26 (42): 10888–109898. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0878-06.2006. PMID 17050727.

[12] Leshchyns'ka I, Liew HT, Shepherd C, Halliday GM, Stevens CH, Ke YD, Ittner LM, Sytnyk V (November 2015). "Aβ-dependent reduction of NCAM2-mediated synaptic adhesion contributes to synapse loss in Alzheimer's disease". Nature Communications. 6: 8836. doi:10.1038/ncomms9836. PMC 4674770 . PMID 26611261.

[13] Jensen M, Berthold F (December 2007). "Targeting the neural cell adhesion molecule in cancer". Cancer Letters. 258 (1): 9–21. doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2007.09.004. PMID 17949897.

v t e Proteins: clusters of differentiation (see also list of human clusters of differentiation)
1-50	CD1 a-c 1A 1D 1E CD2 CD3 γ δ ε CD4 CD5 CD6 CD7 CD8 a CD9 CD10 CD11 a b c d CD13 CD14 CD15 CD16 A B CD18 CD19 CD20 CD21 CD22 CD23 CD24 CD25 CD26 CD27 CD28 CD29 CD30 CD31 CD32 A B CD33 CD34 CD35 CD36 CD37 CD38 CD39 CD40 CD41 CD42 a b c d CD43 CD44 CD45 CD46 CD47 CD48 CD49 a b c d e f CD50
51-100	CD51 CD52 CD53 CD54 CD55 CD56 CD57 CD58 CD59 CD61 CD62 E L P CD63 CD64 A B C CD66 a b c d e f CD68 CD69 CD70 CD71 CD72 CD73 CD74 CD78 CD79 a b CD80 CD81 CD82 CD83 CD84 CD85 a d e h j k CD86 CD87 CD88 CD89 CD90 CD91 - CD92 CD93 CD94 CD95 CD96 CD97 CD98 CD99 CD100
101-150	CD101 CD102 CD103 CD104 CD105 CD106 CD107 a b CD108 CD109 CD110 CD111 CD112 CD113 CD114 CD115 CD116 CD117 CD118 CD119 CD120 a b CD121 a b CD122 CD123 CD124 CD125 CD126 CD127 CD129 CD130 CD131 CD132 CD133 CD134 CD135 CD136 CD137 CD138 CD140b CD141 CD142 CD143 CD144 CD146 CD147 CD148 CD150
151-200	CD151 CD152 CD153 CD154 CD155 CD156 a b c CD157 CD158 (a d e i k) CD159 a c CD160 CD161 CD162 CD163 CD164 CD166 CD167 a b CD168 CD169 CD170 CD171 CD172 a b g CD174 CD177 CD178 CD179 a b CD180 CD181 CD182 CD183 CD184 CD185 CD186 CD191 CD192 CD193 CD194 CD195 CD196 CD197 CDw198 CDw199 CD200
201-250	CD201 CD202b CD204 CD205 CD206 CD207 CD208 CD209 CDw210 a b CD212 CD213a 1 2 CD217 CD218 (a b) CD220 CD221 CD222 CD223 CD224 CD225 CD226 CD227 CD228 CD229 CD230 CD233 CD234 CD235 a b CD236 CD238 CD239 CD240CE CD240D CD241 CD243 CD244 CD246 CD247 - CD248 CD249
251-300	CD252 CD253 CD254 CD256 CD257 CD258 CD261 CD262 CD263 CD264 CD265 CD266 CD267 CD268 CD269 CD271 CD272 CD273 CD274 CD275 CD276 CD278 CD279 CD280 CD281 CD282 CD283 CD284 CD286 CD288 CD289 CD290 CD292 CDw293 CD294 CD295 CD297 CD298 CD299
301-350	CD300A CD301 CD302 CD303 CD304 CD305 CD306 CD307 CD309 CD312 CD314 CD315 CD316 CD317 CD318 CD320 CD321 CD322 CD324 CD325 CD326 CD328 CD329 CD331 CD332 CD333 CD334 CD335 CD336 CD337 CD338 CD339 CD340 CD344 CD349 CD350

匿名

検索

案内

neural cell adhesion molecule