内側前庭脊髄路
WordNet
- a brief treatise on a subject of interest; published in the form of a booklet (同)pamphlet
- an extended area of land (同)piece of land, piece of ground, parcel of land, parcel
- a system of body parts that together serve some particular purpose
- a drawing created by superimposing a semitransparent sheet of paper on the original image and copying on it the lines of the original image (同)trace
- the act of drawing a plan or diagram or outline
- the discovery and description of the course of development of something; "the tracing of genealogies"
- dividing an animal into right and left halves (同)median
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 広大な土地(地域),(土地・海・空などの)広がり《+of+名》 / (器官の)管,(神経の)索
- (おもに宗教・政治などの宣伝用の)小冊子,パンフレット
- 跡を追うこと,追跡;透写,複写 / 〈C〉 / 透写(複写)によってできたもの(地図・図案など),透写図
- 中間の,中間に位置する / 平均の,並なみの
- mediumの複数形
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2014/09/12 00:23:23」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
Brain: Medial vestibulospinal tract |
Vestibulospinal tract is 2c, in red at bottom center.
|
Diagram of the principal fasciculi of the spinal cord.
|
The medial vestibulospinal tract is one of the descending spinal tracts of the ventromedial funiculus of the spinal cord. It is found only in the cervical spine and above.
The medial part of the vestibulospinal tract is the smaller part, and is primarily made of fibers from the medial vestibular nucleus. It projects bilaterally down the spinal cord and triggers the ventral horn of the cervical spinal circuits, particularly controlling lower motor neurons associated with the spinal accessory nerve (CN XI). Additionally, the pathway projects superiorly to the paramedian pontine reticular formation, indirectly innervating the nuclei of CN VI and III. Through this superior projection, the medial vestibulospinal tract is involved in "yoking" the eyes together in response to rapid movement of the head. Thus, cumulatively it controls head and whole body orientation.
Anatomy of torso (primarily): the spinal cord (TA 14.1.02, GA 9.749)
|
|
External, dorsal |
- Posterior median sulcus
- Posterolateral sulcus
|
|
Grey matter/
Rexed laminae |
I–VI: Posterior horn |
- I: Marginal nucleus
- II: Substantia gelatinosa of Rolando
- III+IV: Nucleus proprius
- Spinal lamina V
- Spinal lamina VI
|
|
VII: Lateral horn |
- Intermediolateral nucleus
- Posterior thoracic nucleus
|
|
VIII–IX: Anterior horn |
- Interneuron
- Alpha motor neuron
|
|
X: Other |
- Central gelatinous substance
- Gray commissure
- Central canal
- Terminal ventricle
|
|
|
White matter |
somatic/
ascending
(blue) |
Posterior/PCML: |
|
|
Lateral: |
- proprioception: Spinocerebellar
- pain/temp: Spinothalamic
- Posterolateral (Lissauer)
- Spinotectal
|
|
- Spinoreticular tract
- Spino-olivary tract
|
|
|
motor/
descending
(red) |
Lateral: |
|
|
Anterior: |
- Corticospinal
- Ep
- Vestibulospinal
- Reticulospinal
- Tectospinal
|
|
|
both |
- Anterior white commissure
|
|
|
External, ventral |
- Anterior median fissure
- Anterolateral sulcus
|
|
External, general |
- Cervical enlargement
- Lumbar enlargement
- Conus medullaris
- Filum terminale
- Cauda equina
|
|
|
anat (n/s/m/p/4/e/b/d/c/a/f/l/g)/phys/devp
|
noco (m/d/e/h/v/s)/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr
|
proc, drug (N1A/2AB/C/3/4/7A/B/C/D)
|
|
|
|
Human brain, rhombencephalon, metencephalon: pons (TA A14.1.05.101–604, GA 9.785)
|
|
Dorsal/
(tegmentum) |
Surface |
- Cerebellopontine angle
- Superior medullary velum
- Sulcus limitans
- Medial eminence
- Facial colliculus
|
|
White: Sensory/ascending |
- Trapezoid body/VIII
- Trigeminal lemniscus
- Dorsal trigeminal tract
- Ventral trigeminal tract
- Medial lemniscus
- Lateral lemniscus
- MLF, III, IV and VI: Vestibulo-oculomotor fibers
- Anterior trigeminothalamic tract
- Central tegmental tract
|
|
White: Motor/descending |
- ICP
- Vestibulocerebellar tract
- MLF, III, IV and VI: Vestibulospinal tract
- Medial vestibulospinal tract
- Lateral vestibulospinal tract
|
|
Grey: Cranial nuclei |
afferent: |
- GSA: Principal V/Spinal V
- VIII-c
- VIII-v
|
|
efferent: |
- SVE: Motor V
- VII
- GSE: VI
- GVE: VII: Superior salivary nucleus
|
|
|
Other grey |
- Apneustic center
- Pneumotaxic center
- Medial parabrachial nucleus
- Lateral parabrachial nucleus
- Superior olivary nucleus
- Caerulean nucleus
|
|
|
Ventral/
(base) |
Grey |
|
|
White: Motor/descending |
- Corticospinal tract
- Corticobulbar tract
- Corticopontine fibers
|
|
Surface |
|
|
|
Other grey: Raphe/
reticular |
- Reticular formation
- Caudal
- Oral
- Tegmental
- Paramedian
- Raphe nuclei
|
|
|
anat (n/s/m/p/4/e/b/d/c/a/f/l/g)/phys/devp
|
noco (m/d/e/h/v/s)/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr
|
proc, drug (N1A/2AB/C/3/4/7A/B/C/D)
|
|
|
|
Brain and spinal cord: neural tracts and fasciculi
|
|
Sensory/
ascending |
PCML |
1°: |
- Pacinian corpuscle/Meissner's corpuscle → Posterior column (Gracile fasciculus/Cuneate fasciculus) → Gracile nucleus/Cuneate nucleus
|
|
2°: |
- → sensory decussation/arcuate fibers (Posterior external arcuate fibers, Internal arcuate fibers) → Medial lemniscus/Trigeminal lemniscus → Thalamus (VPL, VPM)
|
|
3°: |
- → Posterior limb of internal capsule → Postcentral gyrus
|
|
|
Anterolateral/
pain |
Fast/lateral |
- 1° (Free nerve ending → A delta fiber) → 2° (Anterior white commissure → Lateral and Anterior Spinothalamic tract → Spinal lemniscus → VPL of Thalamus) → 3° (Postcentral gyrus) → 4° (Posterior parietal cortex)
2° (Spinotectal tract → Superior colliculus of Midbrain tectum)
|
|
Slow/medial |
- 1° (Group C nerve fiber → Spinoreticular tract → Reticular formation) → 2° (MD of Thalamus) → 3° (Cingulate cortex)
|
|
|
|
Motor/
descending |
Pyramidal |
- flexion: Primary motor cortex → Posterior limb of internal capsule → Decussation of pyramids → Corticospinal tract (Lateral, Anterior) → Neuromuscular junction
|
|
Extrapyramidal |
flexion: |
- Primary motor cortex → Genu of internal capsule → Corticobulbar tract → Facial motor nucleus → Facial muscles
|
|
flexion: |
- Red nucleus → Rubrospinal tract
|
|
extension: |
- Vestibulocerebellum → Vestibular nuclei → Vestibulospinal tract
|
|
extension: |
- Vestibulocerebellum → Reticular formation → Reticulospinal tract
|
|
- Midbrain tectum → Tectospinal tract → muscles of neck
|
|
|
Basal ganglia |
direct: |
1° (Motor cortex → Striatum) → 2° (GPi) → 3° (Lenticular fasciculus/Ansa lenticularis → Thalamic fasciculus → VL of Thalamus) → 4° (Thalamocortical radiations → Supplementary motor area) → 5° (Motor cortex)
|
|
indirect: |
1° (Motor cortex → Striatum) → 2° (GPe) → 3° (Subthalamic fasciculus → Subthalamic nucleus) → 4° (Subthalamic fasciculus → GPi) → 5° (Lenticular fasciculus/Ansa lenticularis → Thalamic fasciculus → VL of Thalamus) → 6° (Thalamocortical radiations → Supplementary motor area) → 7° (Motor cortex)
|
|
nigrostriatal pathway: |
|
|
|
|
Cerebellar |
Afferent |
- Vestibular nuclei → Vestibulocerebellar tract → ICP → Cerebellum → Granule cell
- Pontine nuclei → Pontocerebellar fibers → MCP → Deep cerebellar nuclei → Granule cell
- Inferior olivary nucleus → Olivocerebellar tract → ICP → Hemisphere → Purkinje cell → Deep cerebellar nuclei
|
|
Efferent |
- Dentate nucleus in Lateral hemisphere/pontocerebellum → SCP → Dentatothalamic tract → Thalamus (VL) → Motor cortex
- Interposed nucleus in Intermediate hemisphere/spinocerebellum → SCP → Reticular formation, or → Cerebellothalamic tract → Red nucleus → Thalamus (VL) → Motor cortex
- Fastigial nucleus in Flocculonodular lobe/vestibulocerebellum → Vestibulocerebellar tract → Vestibular nuclei
|
|
Bidirectional:
Spinocerebellar |
Unconscious
proprioception |
- lower limb → 1° (muscle spindles → DRG) → 2° (Posterior thoracic nucleus → Dorsal/posterior spinocerebellar tract → ICP → Cerebellar vermis)
- upper limb → 1° (muscle spindles → DRG) → 2° (Accessory cuneate nucleus → Cuneocerebellar tract → ICP → Anterior lobe of cerebellum)
|
|
Reflex arc |
- lower limb → 1° (Golgi tendon organ) → 2° (Ventral/anterior spinocerebellar tract→ SCP → Cerebellar vermis)
- upper limb → 1° (Golgi tendon organ) → 2° (Rostral spinocerebellar tract → ICP → Cerebellum)
|
|
|
|
|
anat (n/s/m/p/4/e/b/d/c/a/f/l/g)/phys/devp
|
noco (m/d/e/h/v/s)/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr
|
proc, drug (N1A/2AB/C/3/4/7A/B/C/D)
|
|
|
anat (h/r/t/c/b/l/s/a)/phys (r)/devp/prot/nttr/nttm/ntrp
|
noco/auto/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr
|
|
|
|
|
Auditory and vestibular pathways
|
|
Auditory |
- inner ear: Hair cells → Spiral ganglion → Cochlear nerve VIII →
- pons: Cochlear nuclei (Anterior, Dorsal) → Trapezoid body → Superior olivary nuclei →
- midbrain: Lateral lemniscus → Inferior colliculi →
- thalamus: Medial geniculate nuclei →
- cerebrum: Acoustic radiation → Primary auditory cortex
|
|
Vestibular |
- inner ear: Vestibular nerve VIII →
- pons: Vestibular nuclei (Medial vestibular nucleus, Lateral vestibular nucleus)
- cerebellum: Flocculonodular lobe
- spinal cord: Vestibulospinal tract (Medial vestibulospinal tract, Lateral vestibulospinal tract)
- thalamus: Ventral posterolateral nucleus
- cerebrum: Vestibular cortex
- Vestibulo-oculomotor fibers
|
|
|
|
UpToDate Contents
全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.
English Journal
- Recovery of static stability following a concussion.
- Powers KC, Kalmar JM, Cinelli ME.Author information Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada.AbstractThe purpose of this study was to use centre of pressure (COP) measurements to determine if static balance deficits had recovered when concussed athletes were cleared to return to play. Nine concussed varsity football players were matched with nine teammates who served as controls. Static balance in the anterior-posterior (A/P) and medial-lateral (M/L) directions was assessed during quiet stance with eyes open and eyes closed. Results showed that concussed football players displayed greater A/P COP displacements in the acute phase, which recovered by RTP; however, COP velocity remained elevated compared to controls even at RTP, particularly in the A/P direction. This balance control deficit in the A/P direction may suggest vestibular impairment, likely due to poor sensorimotor integration of the lateral vestibulospinal tract. The observed persistence of balance control deficits in concussed football players at RTP are usually undetected by traditional assessments because the current study used higher-order COP analysis. Future RTP balance measures may want to incorporate higher-order measures of balance.
- Gait & posture.Gait Posture.2014 Jan;39(1):611-4. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2013.05.026. Epub 2013 Jun 25.
- The purpose of this study was to use centre of pressure (COP) measurements to determine if static balance deficits had recovered when concussed athletes were cleared to return to play. Nine concussed varsity football players were matched with nine teammates who served as controls. Static balance in
- PMID 23810088
- Neurotransmitter phenotypes of descending systems in the rat lumbar spinal cord.
- Du Beau A, Shakya Shrestha S, Bannatyne BA, Jalicy SM, Linnen S, Maxwell DJ.Author information Spinal Cord Group, Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medicine, Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.AbstractDescending systems from the brain exert a major influence over sensory and motor processes within the spinal cord. Although it is known that many descending systems have an excitatory effect on spinal neurons, there are still gaps in our knowledge regarding the transmitter phenotypes used by them. In this study we investigated transmitter phenotypes of axons in the corticospinal tract (CST); the rubrospinal tract (RST); the lateral component of the vestibulospinal tract (VST); and the reticulospinal tract (ReST). They were labelled anterogradely by stereotaxic injection of the b subunit of cholera toxin (CTb) into the motor cortex, red nucleus, lateral vestibular nucleus and medial longitudinal fascicle (MLF) to label CST, RST, VST and ReST axons respectively. Neurotransmitter content of labelled axons was investigated in lumbar segments by using immunoflurescence; antibodies against vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUT1 and VGLUT2) were used to identify glutamatergic terminals and the vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT) was used to identify GABA- and glycinergic terminals. The results show that almost all CST (96%) axons contain VGLUT1 whereas almost all RST (97%) and VST (97%) axons contain VGLUT2. Although the majority of ReST axons contain VGLUT2 (59%), a sizable minority contains VGAT (20%) and most of these terminals can be subdivided into those that are GABAergic or those that are glycinergic because only limited evidence for co-localisation was found for the two transmitters. In addition, there is a population of ReST terminals that apparently does not contain markers for the transmitters tested and is not serotoninergic. We can conclude that the CST, RST and VST are 'pure' excitatory systems whereas the ReST consists of a heterogeneous population of excitatory and inhibitory axons. It is anticipated that this information will enable inputs to spinal networks to be defined with greater confidence.
- Neuroscience.Neuroscience.2012 Dec 27;227:67-79. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.09.037. Epub 2012 Sep 24.
- Descending systems from the brain exert a major influence over sensory and motor processes within the spinal cord. Although it is known that many descending systems have an excitatory effect on spinal neurons, there are still gaps in our knowledge regarding the transmitter phenotypes used by them. I
- PMID 23018001
Japanese Journal
- 水平半規管系前庭脊髄路ニューロンの軸索投射様式 : 耳石器系との比較も含めて
- 杉田 明美,北島 尚治,肥塚 泉,内野 善生
- Equilibrium research 64(1), 12-21, 2005-02-01
- … We studied the properties of horizontal semicircular canal (HC) nerve-activated vestibulospinal neurons, which include vestibulo-spinal (VS) and vestibulo-oculo-spinal (VOS) neurons. … Axonal pathways, projection levels, and locations of HC nerveactivated vestibulospinal neurons were studied. … HC nerve-activated vestibulospinal neurons were mainly located in the ventral portion of the medial and lateral vestibular nuclei, and the middle portion of the descending nucleus. …
- NAID 130000859237
- 後半規管入力を受ける前庭脊髄路ニューロンの軸索投射様式
- 荻原 晃,内野 善生,佐藤 斎,蒙 暉,鈴木 衞
- Equilibrium research 59(6), 579-585, 2000-12-01
- … Axonal pathways and the projection levels of posterior-semicircular canal (PC)-ac-tivated vestibulospinal neurons were studied in decerebrated and anesthetized cats. … Two monopolar electrodes were inserted into the lateral vestibulospinal tract (LVST) and medial vestibulospinal tract (MVST) to determine the pathway of axons. …
- NAID 10009417629
Related Links
- medial vestibulospinal tract [TA] fibers that originate from the medial vestibular nucleus and descend in the spinal cord as a component of the medial ... Disclaimer All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature ...
- LATERAL VESTIBULOSPINAL TRACT (LVST) MEDIAL VESTIBULOSPINAL TRACT (MVST) AFFERENT SOURCE entire labyrinth (motion and gravity) semicircular canals ...
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- medial vestibulospinal tract
- 関
- 前庭脊髄路
[★]
- 関
- center、central、centre、centro、centrum、hub、inner、inside、interior、medialis、medially、middle
[★]
- 関
- chase、follow up、follow-up、pursue、pursuit、trace
[★]
- 関
- culture、culture media、culture medium、culture solution、medium
[★]
- 関
- tractus