loss of appetite

WordNet

1. the amount by which the cost of a business exceeds its revenue; "the company operated at a loss last year"; "the company operated in the red last year" (同)red ink, red
2. gradual decline in amount or activity; "weight loss"; "a serious loss of business"
3. something that is lost; "the car was a total loss"; "loss of livestock left the rancher bankrupt"
4. the disadvantage that results from losing something; "his loss of credibility led to his resignation"; "losing him is no great deprivation" (同)deprivation
5. the act of losing someone or something; "everyone expected him to win so his loss was a shock"
6. the experience of losing a loved one; "he sympathized on the loss of their grandfather"
7. a feeling of craving something; "an appetite for life"; "the object of life is to satisfy as many appetencies as possible"- Granville Hicks (同)appetency, appetence

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 〈U〉(…を)『失うこと』,紛失《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈C〉(…の)『損害』,損失;損失額《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈U〉〈C〉(…に)『負けること』,(…の)敗北;失敗《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈U〉(状態・程度の)『減少』,低下 / 《複数形で》(戦場における)(人の)損害,此傷者数
2. 《所有・所属》…『の』,…のものである,…に属する・《材料・要素》…『でできた』,から成る・《部分》…『の』[『中の』] ・《数量・単位・種類を表す名詞に付いて》…の・《原因・動機》…『で』,のために(because of) ・《主格関係》…『の』,による,によって・《目的格関係》…『を』,の・《同格関係》…『という』・《関係・関連》…『についての』[『の』],の点で・《抽象名詞などと共に》…の[性質をもつ] ・《『It is』+『形』+『of』+『名』+『to』 doの形で,ofの後の名詞を意味上の主語として》・《分離》…『から』・《起原・出所》…『から』[『の』](out of) ・《『名』+『of』+『a』(『an』)+『名』の形で》…のような・《『名』+『of』+『mine』(『yours, his』など独立所有格)の形で》…の…・《時》(1)《副詞句を作って》…に《形容詞句を作って》…の・《時刻》《米》…前(to,《米》before)
3. 『食欲』 / (…に対する)『欲求』,切望(desire)《+『for』+『名』》
4. 負ける,損をする,勝ち目がない
5. OLD French古[代]フランス語

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/11/14 18:56:09」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

For other uses, see Anorexia (disambiguation) and Anorexia nervosa (disambiguation).

Anorexia

ICD-10	R63.0
ICD-9	783.0
MeSH	D000855

Anorexia (deriving from the Greek "α(ν)-" (a(n)-, a prefix that denotes absence) + "όρεξη" (orexe) = appetite) is the decreased sensation of appetite. While the term in non-scientific publications is often used interchangeably with anorexia nervosa, many possible causes exist for a decreased appetite, some of which may be harmless, while others indicate a serious clinical condition or pose a significant risk.

For example, anorexia of infection is part of the acute phase response (APR) to infection. The APR can be triggered by lipopolysaccharides and peptidoglycans from bacterial cell walls, bacterial DNA, double-stranded viral RNA, and viral glycoproteins, which can trigger production of a variety of proinflammatory cytokines. These can have an indirect effect on appetite by a number of means, including peripheral afferents from their sites of production in the body, by enhancing production of leptin from fat stores. Inflammatory cytokines can also signal to the central nervous system more directly by specialized transport mechanisms through the blood–brain barrier, via circumventricular organs (which are outside the barrier), or by triggering production of eicosanoids in the endothelial cells of the brain vasculature. Ultimately the control of appetite by this mechanism is thought to be mediated by the same factors normally controlling appetite, such as neurotransmitters (serotonin, dopamine, histamine, norepinephrine, corticotropin releasing factor, neuropeptide Y, and α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone).

Causes

Clinically important causes

• Acute radiation syndrome
• Acute viral hepatitis
• Addison's disease
• Atypical pneumonia (mycoplasma)
• AIDS
• Anorexia nervosa
• Anxiety disorder
• Appendicitis
• Cancer
• Chronic pain
• Chronic kidney disease
• Congestive heart failure, perhaps due to congestion of the liver with venous blood
• Crohn's disease
• Dehydration
• Dementia
• Drug addiction
• Depression
• Hypervitaminosis D
• Metabolic disorders, particularly urea cycle disorders
• Sickness behavior
• Superior mesenteric artery syndrome
• Tuberculosis
• Thalassemia
• Ulcerative colitis
• Zinc deficiency

Drugs

• Amphetamine (Adderall), dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine & Dextrostat), lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse)
• Antidepressants can have anorexia as a side effect
  • Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
• Byetta, a Type II Diabetes drug, will cause moderate nausea and loss of appetite
• Dextromethylphenidate (Focalin)
• Abrupt cessation of appetite-increasing drugs, such as cannabis and corticosteroids
• Methamphetamine (Desoxyn) (treatment of ADD & ADHD and narcolepsy)
• Methylphenidate (Ritalin & Concerta)
• Chemicals that are members of the phenethylamine group. (Individuals with anorexia nervosa may seek them to suppress appetite)
• Stimulants such as Caffeine, Nicotine, and Cocaine
• Topiramate (Topamax) (as a side effect)
• Other drugs may be used to intentionally cause anorexia in order to help a patient preoperative fasting prior to general anesthesia. It is important to avoid food before surgery to mitigate the risk of pulmonary aspiration, which can be fatal.
• Opiates act upon the digestive system and can reduce the physical sensation of hunger in the same way that they reduce physical sensations of pain. They also frequently cause delayed gastric emptying (gastroparesis) and can sometimes lead to changes in metabolism with long-term use.

Other

• During the post-operative recovery period for a tonsillectomy or adenoidectomy, it is common for adult patients to experience a lack of appetite until their throat significantly heals (usually between 10–14 days).
• Altitude sickness
• Significant emotional pain caused by an event (rather than a mental disorder) can cause an individual to temporarily lose all interest in food
• Physical exercise

References

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

• 1. 成人および思春期における神経性食思不振症：内科的合併症およびそのマネージメント anorexia nervosa in adults and adolescents medical complications and their management
• 2. 緩和ケア：悪液質と食欲不振の評価および管理 palliative care assessment and management of anorexia and cachexia
• 3. 成人における神経性食思不振症：臨床的特徴、評価、および診断 anorexia nervosa in adults clinical features assessment and diagnosis
• 4. 摂食障害：治療の概要 eating disorders overview of treatment
• 5. 成人における神経性食思不振症：合併症の評価およびこれらの合併症管理のための入院基準 anorexia nervosa in adults evaluation for medical complications and criteria for hospitalization to manage these complications

English Journal

• Functional Imagery Training to reduce snacking: Testing a novel motivational intervention based on Elaborated Intrusion theory.

• Andrade J1, Khalil M2, Dickson J2, May J3, Kavanagh DJ3.
• Appetite.Appetite.2016 May 1;100:256-62. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.02.015. Epub 2016 Feb 11.
• Functional Imagery Training (FIT) is a new theory-based, manualized intervention that trains positive goal imagery. Multisensory episodic imagery of proximal personal goals is elicited and practised, to sustain motivation and compete with less functional cravings. This study tested the impact of a s
• PMID 26877217

• The efficacy of the appetite suppressant, diethylpropion, is dependent on both when it is given (day vs. night) and under conditions of high fat dietary restriction.

• Kalyanasundar B1, Solorio J1, Perez CI1, Hoyo-Vadillo C1, Simon SA2, Gutierrez R3.
• Appetite.Appetite.2016 May 1;100:152-61. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.01.036. Epub 2016 Feb 8.
• Obesity is a public health problem caused by excessive consumption of high caloric diets and/or lack of physical activity. Although treatments for obesity include low caloric diets and exercise programs, these activities frequently are supplemented with appetite suppressants. For the short-term trea
• PMID 26867698

• Reduced reward-driven eating accounts for the impact of a mindfulness-based diet and exercise intervention on weight loss: Data from the SHINE randomized controlled trial.

• Mason AE1, Epel ES2, Aschbacher K3, Lustig RH4, Acree M5, Kristeller J6, Cohn M5, Dallman M7, Moran PJ5, Bacchetti P8, Laraia B9, Hecht FM5, Daubenmier J10.
• Appetite.Appetite.2016 May 1;100:86-93. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.02.009. Epub 2016 Feb 8.
• Many individuals with obesity report over eating despite intentions to maintain or lose weight. Two barriers to long-term weight loss are reward-driven eating, which is characterized by a lack of control over eating, a preoccupation with food, and a lack of satiety; and psychological stress. Mindful
• PMID 26867697

Japanese Journal

• 透析患者における上腹部の消化器症状に対して平胃散が著効した4例

• 高久 俊,高久 千鶴乃,栗林 秀樹,大薗 英一,平馬 直樹,高橋 秀実
• 日本東洋醫學雜誌 = Japanese journal of
• 慢性腎不全で血液透析療法中の患者の上腹部の消化器症状に対して平胃散が著効した4例を経験したので報告する。症例1は61歳男性。逆流性食道炎で主訴は食後の胃部停滞感。症例2は45歳男性。慢性胃炎で主訴は朝夕食後の胃部停滞感。症例3は61歳男性。慢性胃炎で主訴は胃部不快感。食思不振。症例4は69歳女性。慢性胃炎で主訴は食後の胃部停滞感と空腹時の上腹部痛。いずれの症例も胃粘膜保護剤，消化管運動改善薬，H2 …
• NAID 10029341526

Related Links

• Loss of Appetite - Coping With Loss of Appetite

Readers Respond: What Has Helped You Cope With Loss of Appetite During Cancer Treatment?, About.com Lung Cancer ... Loss of appetite is a common symptom during cancer treatment. Not only can loss of ...

• What Is Loss of Appetite? | eHow - eHow | How to - Discover ...

What Is Loss of Appetite?. Loss of appetite is a reduced desire to eat. By contrast, a healthy appetite is a level of eating that maintains a normal body weight. Losing your appetite may signify illness, but can also be triggered by ...

---

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「食欲不振症」
関連記事	「loss」「appetite」

「食欲不振症」

　　[★]

英

anorexia, loss of appetite

関

食欲不振、摂食障害、無食欲、食欲低下、食思不振

「loss」

　　[★]

• n.

• 損失、減少

関

decline、decrease、diminish、diminution、down-regulate、down-regulation、downregulate、downregulation、fall、reduce、reduction

　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「appetite」

　　[★]

• n.

• 本能的欲望、(特に)食欲、性欲。欲、欲求、欲心。(欲求としての)好み(for)