WordNet

on the surface; "surface materials of the moon"
the outer boundary of an artifact or a material layer constituting or resembling such a boundary; "there is a special cleaner for these surfaces"; "the cloth had a pattern of red dots on a white surface"
the outermost level of the land or sea; "earthquakes originate far below the surface"; "three quarters of the Earths surface is covered by water" (同)Earth''s surface
a superficial aspect as opposed to the real nature of something; "it was not what it appeared to be on the surface"
the extended two-dimensional outer boundary of a three-dimensional object; "they skimmed over the surface of the water"; "a brush small enough to clean every dental surface"; "the sun has no distinct surface"
come to the surface (同)come_up, rise up, rise
sing with closed lips; "She hummed a melody"
a humming noise; "the hum of distant traffic" (同)humming
be noisy with activity; "This office is buzzing with activity" (同)buzz, seethe
sound with a monotonous hum (同)thrum
make a low continuous sound; "The refrigerator is humming"
small room in which a monk or nun lives (同)cubicle
a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction (同)electric cell
a room where a prisoner is kept (同)jail cell, prison cell
(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
any small compartment; "the cells of a honeycomb"
a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement (同)cadre
relating to a person; "the experiment was conducted on 6 monkeys and 2 human subjects"
characteristic of humanity; "human nature"
having human form or attributes as opposed to those of animals or divine beings; "human beings"; "the human body"; "human kindness"; "human frailty"
of or involving the ovaries; "ovarian cancer"

PrepTutorEJDIC

(物の)表面,外面;水面 / 《比喩的に》『うわべ』,見かけ / 『表面(水面)の,』表面(水面)に関する / 《比喩的に》『うわべだけの,』見かけだけの / 陸(水)上輸送の / (沈んでいたものが)表面に浮上する;《話》《おどけて》(寝ていた人が)起きる / (…で)…‘に'表面をつける,〈道路〉‘を'舗装する《+名+with+名》
〈ハチ・機械などが〉『ブンブンいう』,ブーンと鳴る / 『鼻歌を歌う』,ハミングスル / (ちゅうちょ・当惑で)ふむふむいう / 《話》〈雰囲気・事業などが〉活気がある,活発に動く;(…で)活気づく《+『with』+『名』》 / …‘を'『ハミングで歌う』,鼻歌を歌って…‘を'(ある状熊に)する / (ハチ・機械などの)『ブンブン』[『うなる音』];鼻歌 / (雑踏などの)ガヤガヤ]いう音],騒音 / ふ‐む,う‐ん(ちゅうちょ・当惑・黙考・疑惑・不快などの声)
(刑務所の)『独房』;(修道院の)小さい独居室 / (ミツバチの)みつ房,巣穴 / 小さい部屋 / 『細胞』 / 電池 / 花粉室 / (共産党などの)細胞
(動物・神に対して)『人間の』,人の / 『人間らいし』,人間的な,人情味のある / 〈C〉《複数形》(動物に怠して)人間(human being) / 〈U〉《the human》人類
卵巣の / 子房(しぼう)の

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1. 卵巣癌、卵管癌、および腹膜癌：病期分類および初期外科的マネージメント cancer of the ovary fallopian tube and peritoneum staging and initial surgical management
2. 卵巣の悪性胚細胞腫瘍の治療 treatment of malignant germ cell tumors of the ovary
3. 卵巣胚細胞腫瘍：病理学、臨床症状、および診断 ovarian germ cell tumors pathology clinical manifestations and diagnosis
4. 妊娠中における付属器腫瘤 adnexal mass in pregnancy
5. 上皮性卵巣癌、卵管癌、および腹膜癌：臨床的特徴および診断 epithelial carcinoma of the ovary fallopian tube and peritoneum clinical features and diagnosis

English Journal

Methylation of OPCML promoter in ovarian cancer tissues predicts poor patient survival.

Zhou F, Tao G, Chen X, Xie W, Liu M, Cao X.AbstractAbstract Background: Ovarian cancer is a lethal gynecological malignancy largely due to the lack of biomarkers for early detection and treatment options. Opioid binding protein/cell adhesion molecule-like gene (OPCML) has a tumor-suppressor function in ovarian cancer, and epigenetic inactivation of OPCML induces oncogenic transformation of human ovarian surface epithelial cells. Methods: This study investigated OPCML promoter methylation levels in ovarian cancer tissues. A total of 30 normal ovarian, 85 benign ovarian tumor, and 102 ovarian cancer tissues were subjected to quantitative methylation-specific PCR analysis of OPCML methylation. Four ovarian cancer cell lines were cultured and treated with the DNA demethylation agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-AZA) for restoring OPCML expression. Results: The data showed that 80 of 102 (78.4%) ovarian cancer tissues and 28 of 85 (32.9%) benign ovarian tumors had a methylated OPCML gene promoter. In contrast, there was no OPCML gene promoter methylation in any of the 30 normal ovarian samples. OPCML promoter methylation was significantly associated with an older age of the patients (p=0.022), an advanced pathological stage of ovarian cancer (p=0.023), and poor overall survival of ovarian cancer patients (p<0.001). Multivariate analysis data showed that pathological stage, age, and OPCML promoter methylation were all independent factors to predict overall survival of patients. Furthermore, 5-AZA was able to restore expression of OPCML mRNA and protein in ovarian cancer cell lines. Conclusions: These data indicate that detection of OPCML gene promoter methylation could be a useful biomarker for predicting the prognosis of ovarian cancer patients and disease progression.
Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine : CCLM / FESCC.Clin Chem Lab Med.2014 May 1;52(5):735-42. doi: 10.1515/cclm-2013-0736.
Abstract Background: Ovarian cancer is a lethal gynecological malignancy largely due to the lack of biomarkers for early detection and treatment options. Opioid binding protein/cell adhesion molecule-like gene (OPCML) has a tumor-suppressor function in ovarian cancer, and epigenetic inactivation of
PMID 24327526

MUC16 mucin (CA125) attenuates TRAIL-induced apoptosis by decreasing TRAIL receptor R2 expression and increasing c-FLIP expression.

Matte I, Lane D, Boivin M, Rancourt C, Piché A.AbstractBACKGROUND: MUC16 (CA125) is a large transmembrane mucin protein (> 200 kDa) aberrantly expressed in approximately 80% of human epithelial ovarian cancers (EOC). MUC16 expression in EOC cells is associated with increased tumorigenesis and inhibiton of genotoxic drug-induced apoptosis. However, the mechanism by which MUC16 mediates these effects is unknown. In the present study, we investigated the mechanisms by which MUC16 attenuates TRAIL-induced apoptosis.
BMC cancer.BMC Cancer.2014 Apr 1;14(1):234. [Epub ahead of print]
BACKGROUND: MUC16 (CA125) is a large transmembrane mucin protein (> 200 kDa) aberrantly expressed in approximately 80% of human epithelial ovarian cancers (EOC). MUC16 expression in EOC cells is associated with increased tumorigenesis and inhibiton of genotoxic drug-induced apoptosis. However, th
PMID 24690311

Cystatin B is a progression marker of human epithelial ovarian tumors mediated by the TGF-β signaling pathway.

Wang X1, Gui L2, Zhang Y2, Zhang J1, Shi J1, Xu G1.Author information 1Center Laboratory, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China.2Department of Pathology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China.AbstractAdvanced ovarian cancer is a devastating disease. Gaining biomarkers of early detection during ovarian tumorigenesis may lead to earlier diagnosis and better therapeutic strategies. Cystatin B (CSTB) functions as an inhibitor to suppress intracellular cysteine proteases and has been implicated in several types of cancers. The present study explored the expression of CSTB in human ovarian tumors, to investigate CSTB expression associated with clinicopathological features, and to examine the effect of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), which plays a key role in ovarian tumorigenesis, on CSTB expression in ovarian cancer cells. The ovarian tissue samples from 33 patients were retrieved. The expression of CSTB in ovarian tissue was examined by immunohistochemistry. We found that CSTB was over-expressed in human ovarian surface epithelial tumors, including serous, mucinous and clear cell tumors. The immunoreactive staining of CSTB was strong in borderline and malignant tumors, weak in benign tumors, and negative in normal tissue counterparts, but was not correlated with the clinicopathological features of patients with ovarian tumors, such as age, histological types, tumor size, lymph node metastasis and clinical stages. The CSTB at mRNA and protein levels in two types of epithelial ovarian cancer cells, OVCAR-3 and SK-OV-3, was decreased after TGF-β1 treatment detected by quantitative PCR and western blot analysis, respectively. The inhibitory effect of TGF-β1 on CSTB expression was abolished in the presence of SB-431542, a TGF-β type I receptor kinase inhibitor. Our data suggest that CSTB is tumor tissue-specific and overexpressed in ovarian borderline and malignant tumors. The increased CSTB expression in ovarian tissue represents tumor progression and is dysregulated by the TGF-β signaling pathway. CSTB may become a novel diagnostic intracellular biomarker for the early detection of ovarian cancer.
International journal of oncology.Int J Oncol.2014 Apr;44(4):1099-106. doi: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2261. Epub 2014 Jan 21.
Advanced ovarian cancer is a devastating disease. Gaining biomarkers of early detection during ovarian tumorigenesis may lead to earlier diagnosis and better therapeutic strategies. Cystatin B (CSTB) functions as an inhibitor to suppress intracellular cysteine proteases and has been implicated in se
PMID 24452274