- 関
- gestation、gestational age
WordNet
- a unit of geological time during which a system of rocks formed; "ganoid fishes swarmed during the earlier geological periods" (同)geological period
- (ice hockey) one of three divisions into which play is divided in hockey games
- the end or completion of something; "death put a period to his endeavors"; "a change soon put a period to my tranquility"
- the interval taken to complete one cycle of a regularly repeating phenomenon
- a punctuation mark (.) placed at the end of a declarative sentence to indicate a full stop or after abbreviations; "in England they call a period a stop" (同)point, full_stop, stop, full point
- the period during which an embryo develops (about 266 days in humans) (同)gestation period
- the conception and development of an idea or plan
- (Persian folklore) a supernatural being descended from fallen angels and excluded from paradise until penance is done
- a beautiful and graceful girl
- of or relating to gestation
PrepTutorEJDIC
- (あることが続く)『期間』 / (歴史的な)『時代』 / (試合の)『一区切り』,ピリオド / 授業時間,時限: / (循環して起こる現象などの)周期 / (回転運動などの)周期 / 紀(地質時代の区分の一つ;era(代)の下,epoch(世)の上) / 《おもに米》『ピリオド』,終止符(《英》full stop;Mr.,U.S.など略語の符号(.)も含む) / 《複数形で》《文》掉尾(とうび)文(多くの節から成り,論理的に緊密な構成をもっている文) / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》ある時代[特有]の,時代物の / (文の終わりに感嘆詞的に)以上,終わり・月経(期間)
- 妊娠;妊娠期間 / (計画などの)立案
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2016/02/05 14:43:47」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
For mammals the gestation period is the time in which a fetus develops, beginning with fertilization and ending at birth.[1] The duration of this period varies between species.
Contents
- 1 Duration
- 2 See also
- 3 References
- 4 Notes
Duration
For most species, the amount a fetus grows before birth determines the length of the gestation period. Smaller species normally have a shorter gestation period than larger animals.[2] For example, a cat's gestation normally takes 58–65 days while an elephant's takes nearly 2 years (21 months).[3] However, growth does not necessarily determine the length of gestation for all species, especially for those with a breeding season. Species that use a breeding season usually give birth during a specific time of year when food is available.[2]
Various other factors can come into play in determining the duration of gestation. For humans, male fetuses normally gestate several days longer than females and multiple pregnancies gestate for a shorter period.[2] Ethnicity may also lengthen or shorten gestation.[4] In dogs there's a positive correlation between gestation time and a small litter size.[clarification needed][citation needed]
Gestational periods
Animal gestation calendar, 1917. Dates of service and date of birth for mares, cows, ewes, sow, and variation in gestation periods. Also gives gestation periods for ass, goat, dog, cat, rabbit, Guinea pig, goose, turkey, duck, hen, Guinea hen and pigeon.
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Mammal |
Gestation period (days) |
Alpaca |
335-366[5][6] |
Baboon |
187 |
Bear (black) |
220 [7] |
Bear (grizzly) |
215 |
Bear (polar) |
241 |
Beaver |
122 |
American Bison |
217 |
Camel (Bactrian) |
360-420 |
Cat (domestic) |
58–67, Average 64 |
Chimpanzee |
230–250 |
Chinchilla |
105–115 [8] |
Chipmunk |
31 |
Cow |
279–292 |
Deer (white-tailed) |
201 |
Dog (domestic) |
58–65, Average 61 |
Donkey |
365 |
Walrus |
456 |
Elephant (Asian) |
617 |
Elephant (African) |
645 |
Elk (Wapiti) |
240–250 |
European mink |
38-76 [8] |
Ferret (domestic) |
41-42 [8] |
Fox (red) |
52 |
Gerbil |
22-26 [8] |
Giraffe |
420–450 |
Goat (domestic) |
145–155 |
Gorilla |
255-260 |
Guinea pig |
56-74 [8] |
Hamster |
16-23 |
Hippopotamus |
225–250 |
Horse |
330–342 |
Human |
259-280 |
Kangaroo |
42 |
Leopard |
92–95 |
Lion |
108 |
Llama |
330 |
Mink |
40–75 |
Monkey (rhesus) |
164 |
Moose |
240–250 |
Mouse (domestic white) |
19 |
Mouse (meadow) |
21 |
Muskrat |
28–30 |
Opossum (Virginia) |
12–13 |
Otter |
60-86 |
Pig (domestic) |
112–115 |
Porcupine |
210 |
Puma |
90 |
Rabbit (domestic) |
28–35, Average 31-32 [8] |
Raccoon |
63 |
Rat |
21-23 [9] |
Rhinoceros (black) |
450 |
Seal |
330 |
Sea lion (California) |
350 |
Sheep (domestic) |
144–151 |
Squirrel (gray) |
30–40 |
Tiger |
105–113 |
Whale (sperm) |
480–590 |
Wolf |
60–68 |
Wombat |
26–28 |
Zebra (Grant's) |
361-390 |
See also
- Mammalian pregnancy
- Human pregnancy
References
- Gestation, Incubation, and Longevity of Selected Animals
- David Crystal, The Cambridge Factfinder Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998 (84).
- Online animal encyclopedia
- Study finds wide range in pregnancy length
Notes
- ^ "Gestation period". McGraw-Hill's AccessScience Encyclopedia of Science & Technology Online. McGraw-Hill.
- ^ a b c "gestation". Britannica - The Online Encyclopedia. Encyclopædia Britannica.
- ^ "Average Animal Gestation Periods and Incubation Times". MSN Encarta. Microsoft. Archived from the original on 2009-10-31.
- ^ "Does gestation vary by ethnic group? A London-based study of over 122000 pregnancies with spontaneous of labour". International Journal of Epidemiology.
- ^ Paris Hill Farm. "Alpacas 101". Retrieved 2012-07-14.
- ^ Northwest Alpacas. "Alpaca Q&A". Retrieved 2012-07-14.
- ^ University of Michigan. "Ursus Americanus". Retrieved 2013-01-16.
- ^ a b c d e f Anamnese en lichamelijk onderzoek bij gezelschapsdieren, A.Rijnberk, F.J.van Sluis, 2nd print, Bohn Stafleu van Loghum, 2005, (Current Dutch veterinary examination study book for small domestic mammals)
- ^ The Laboratory Rat , 2nd Edition, Eds. Mark A. Sucklow, Steven H. Weisbroth, and Craig L. Franklin. Page 151.
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Air pollutant exposure and preterm and term small-for-gestational-age births in Detroit, Michigan: Long-term trends and associations.
- Le HQ, Batterman SA, Wirth JJ, Wahl RL, Hoggatt KJ, Sadeghnejad A, Hultin ML, Depa M.SourceUniversity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Environment international.Environ Int.2012 Sep;44:7-17. Epub 2012 Feb 6.
- Studies in a number of countries have reported associations between exposure to ambient air pollutants and adverse birth outcomes, including low birth weight, preterm birth (PTB) and, less commonly, small for gestational age (SGA). Despite their growing number, the available studies have significant
- PMID 22314199
- "Pulling the plug"-Management of meconium plug syndrome in neonates.
- Cuenca AG, Ali AS, Kays DW, Islam S.SourceDepartment of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
- The Journal of surgical research.J Surg Res.2012 Jun 15;175(2):e43-6. Epub 2012 Mar 10.
- BACKGROUND: The significance of meconium plug syndrome (MPS) is unclear but has been associated with Hirschsprung's disease and magnesium tocolysis. We reviewed our experience to attempt to identify any potential association with these conditions and to review our outcomes.METHODS: Using the Interna
- PMID 22459290
Japanese Journal
- 胎子期におけるトド (Eumetopias jubatus) の成長様式と形態的特徴
- 條野 真奈美,小林 由美,浅沼 武敏,坪田 敏男,桜井 泰憲
- 北海道大学水産科学研究彙報 62(1), 1-7, 2012-03-28
- … Body length was found to increase gradually with gestational period, while body weight rapidly increased after the middle period (81-160 days) of gestation. … We presume that shapes of internal organs are determined for the most part during early gestation, although the period will vary from one organ to another. …
- NAID 120003994110
- Frequent Use of Fresh Frozen Plasma Is a Risk Factor for Venous Thrombosis in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants: A Matched Case-control Study
- Maruyama Hidehiko,Kitajima Hiroyuki,Yonemoto Naohiro,Fujimura Masanori
- Acta Medica Okayama 66(1), 61-66, 2012-02
- … We performed a matched case-control study on risk factors for VT in ELBWIs born over a period of 5 years in the neonatal intensive care unit of a tertiary hospital. … Controls were infants from the unit matched for gestational age and birth weight. …
- NAID 120003850609
Related Links
- From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Jump to: navigation, search. For mammals the gestation period is the time in which a fetus develops, beginning with fertilization and ending at birth. The duration of this period varies between species.
- Gestation is the carrying of an embryo or fetus inside a female viviparous animal. Mammals during pregnancy can have one or more gestations at the same time ( multiple gestations). The time interval of a gestation is called the gestation period ...
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- gestational period, gestational age, gestation, duration of the pregnancy
- 関
- 妊娠持続期間、trimester
妊娠期間
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日本
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欧米
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妊娠初期
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妊娠16週未満
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妊娠14週未満
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妊娠中期
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妊娠満16週-妊娠28週未満
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妊娠満14週-妊娠27週未満
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妊娠後期
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妊娠満28週-妊娠41週未満
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最終月経を0日として、280日 = 40週0日 = 第11月0週0日を分娩予定日とする。
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- 関
- ambient、around、circumferential、surrounding
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- 関
- conceive、gestational age、gestational period、gravid、pregnancy、pregnant
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- 関
- duration、phase、stage、term、time