- 日
- 関
WordNet
- travel or traverse (a distance); "This car does 150 miles per hour"; "We did 6 miles on our hike every day"
- the syllable naming the first (tonic) note of any major scale in solmization (同)doh, ut
- proceed or get along; "How is she doing in her new job?"; "How are you making out in graduate school?"; "Hes come a long way" (同)fare, make_out, come, get along
- create or design, often in a certain way; "Do my room in blue"; "I did this piece in wood to express my love for the forest" (同)make
- carry on or function; "We could do with a little more help around here" (同)manage
- get (something) done; "I did my job" (同)perform
- preceding all others in time or space or degree; "the first house on the right"; "the first day of spring"; "his first political race"; "her first baby"; "the first time"; "the first meetings of the new party"; "the first phase of his training"
- the first or highest in an ordering or series; "He wanted to be the first" (同)number_one
- the first element in a countable series; "the first of the month" (同)number_one, number 1
- an honours degree of the highest class (同)first-class honours degree
- indicating the beginning unit in a series (同)1st
- before anything else; "first we must consider the garter snake" (同)firstly, foremost, first of all, first off
- the initial time; "when Felix first saw a garter snake" (同)for_the_first_time
- ranking above all others; "was first in her class"; "the foremost figure among marine artists"; "the top graduate" (同)foremost, world-class
- before another in time, space, or importance; "I was here first"; "lets do this job first"
- highest in pitch or chief among parts or voices or instruments or orchestra sections; "first soprano"; "the first violin section"; "played first horn"
- treat with an agent; add (an agent) to; "The ray dosed the paint"
- the quantity of an active agent (substance or radiation) taken in or absorbed at any one time (同)dosage
- a measured portion of medicine taken at any one time (同)dosage
- any state or process known through the senses rather than by intuition or reasoning
- a remarkable development
- any of various evergreen trees of the genus Abies; chiefly of upland areas (同)fir_tree, true fir
- nonresinous wood of a fir tree
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 《疑問文・否定文を作る》 / 《否定命令文を作る》 / 《助動詞とbe動詞のどちらも含まない文に用いて付加疑問を作る》 / 《強意語として》 / 《文》《助動詞とbe動詞のどちらも含まない文に用いて倒置文を作る》 / 《あいづちを打つ場合に》 / 《先行する動詞またはそれを含む述部の代用》 / 《so,nor,neitherで始まる簡略文で》 / …‘を'『する』,行う,果たす / 《通例have done,時にbe doneの形で》…‘を'『終える』,済ませる / …‘を'作る,作り出す / …‘を'『処理する』,整える,片付ける / 〈学課〉‘を'『勉強する』,専攻する / 〈利益・害など〉‘を'与える,もたらす / 〈人〉‘に'『役立つ』,用が足りる(serve) / …の速度で進む,距離を行く / …‘を'見物する / 〈劇〉‘を'上演する;…‘の'役を演じる / …の役目(仕事)をする / 《おもに英》…‘を'だます,かつぐ / 《話》…をへとへとにさせる / 『する』;活動する / 《通例have done,時にbe doneの形で》(…を)『終える』,済ます《+『with』+『名』》 / 〈事が〉『運ぶ』;〈人が〉暮らしていく,健康である / 〈物が〉(…に)『間に合う』,十分である;〈人が〉(…に)役に立つ,向く《+『for』+『名』》 / 《複数形で》すべきこと / 〈C〉《おもに英》大宴会,大パーティー / 〈C〉《英話》詐欺,ぺてん
- ド(全音階の第1音)
- (順序・時間的に)『第1の』,1番目の;最初の / (階級・等級・重要度などが)『1番の』,第一級の,首席の,最も重要な / 『最初に』,まっ先に;1番目に,第1位に;初めて / (…するくらいなら)むしろ,いっそ(…のほうがいい)(rather, sooner) / 《通例the~》『最初のもの』;(月の)第1日;(時代の)第1年 / 《通例the~》初め,始まり / 〈U〉ファーストギヤ,低速ギヤ / 〈C〉《英》(競技などの)第1位,1等(試験の)第一級 / 《複数形で》最高級品,一級品 / 〈U〉=first base
- (おもに飲み薬1回分の)『服用量』 / (痛いこと・いやなことの)1回分,一定量 / (人などが受ける放射線の)線量 / 性病 / (…を)…‘に'投薬する,服用させる《+『名』+『with』+『名』》
- 『現象』 / 驚くべきこと(物),非凡な人
- モミ,モミの木(クリスマスツリーに用いられる) / モミ材
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2015/10/04 20:12:55」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
The first-dose phenomenon is a sudden and severe fall in blood pressure that can occur when changing from a lying to a standing position the first time that an alpha blocker drug is used[1] or when resuming the drug after many months off.[2] This postural hypotension usually happens shortly after the first dose is absorbed into the blood and can result in syncope (fainting). Syncope occurs in approximately 1% of patients given an initial dose of 2 mg prazosin or greater. This adverse effect is self-limiting and in most cases does not recur after the initial period of therapy or during subsequent dose titration.[3]
The alpha blocker prazosin (Minipress) is most notorious for producing a first dose phenomenon. Other drugs of the same family, doxazosin (Cardura) and terazosin (Hytrin), can also cause this phenomenon, though less frequently.
The cause is not clear. It occurs more commonly in patients who are salt and fluid volume depleted (as happens due to the use of diuretics), or were using beta blockers.[4] Diuretics and beta blockers are frequently used to control hypertension. For this reason, treatment with prazosin (Minipress) should always be initiated with a low dose and should be taken at bedtime to avoid standing position.
Other drug classes with observed first dose hypotension
This effect is also observed after the administration of the first dose of drugs in the ACEi class (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor).[5] This may occur with the classes better known side effect of dry cough, though there is no clear relationship between the two side effects.
The first dose phenomenon in ACEi is reduced and made safer by avoiding diuretics for 24 hours prior to first dose, taking first dose at night (so avoiding falls, etc) and starting on low doses and titrating upwards.
See also
References
- ^ Graham RM, Thornell IR, Gain JM, Bagnoli C, Oates HF, Stokes GS (1976). "Prazosin: the first-dose phenomenon". British Medical Journal 2 (6047): 1293–4. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.6047.1293. PMC 1689975. PMID 793676.
- ^ Hytrin (Terazosin Hcl) drug warnings and precautions – prescription drugs and medications at RxList
- ^ Minipress (Prazosin HCl) drug warnings and precautions – prescription drugs and medications at RxList
- ^ Elliott HL, McLean K, Sumner DJ, Meredith PA, Reid JL (1981). "Immediate cardiovascular responses to oral prazosin—effects of concurrent beta-blockers". Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics 29 (3): 303–9. doi:10.1038/clpt.1981.40. PMID 6110503.
- ^ http://www.medicinescomplete.com/mc/bnf/current/PHP1124-angiotensin-converting-enzyme-inhibitors.htm
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Influence of dose and animal species on accelerated blood clearance of PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin.
- Suzuki T1, Ichihara M2, Hyodo K3, Yamamoto E3, Ishida T2, Kiwada H2, Kikuchi H4, Ishihara H3.
- International journal of pharmaceutics.Int J Pharm.2014 Oct 1;476(1-2):205-212. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.09.047. [Epub ahead of print]
- We recently demonstrated that Doxil loses its long-circulating properties when injected repeatedly at doses below 2mg/m2 in dogs. In studies using other animal species, PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin has been reported not to induce the accelerated blood clearance (ABC) phenomenon. We investigated t
- PMID 25280884
- A systematic review of effectiveness and safety of different regimens of levonorgestrel oral tablets for emergency contraception.
- Shohel M1, Rahman MM, Zaman A, Uddin MM, Al-Amin MM, Reza HM.
- BMC women's health.BMC Womens Health.2014 Apr 4;14:54. doi: 10.1186/1472-6874-14-54.
- BACKGROUND: Unintended pregnancy is a complex phenomenon which raise to take an emergency decision. Low contraceptive prevalence and high user failure rates are the leading causes of this unexpected situation. High user failure rates suggest the vital role of emergency contraception to prevent unpla
- PMID 24708837
- Influence of phospholipid types and animal models on the accelerated blood clearance phenomenon of PEGylated liposomes upon repeated injection.
- Xu H1, Ye F, Hu M, Yin P, Zhang W, Li Y, Yu X, Deng Y.
- Drug delivery.Drug Deliv.2014 Feb 13. [Epub ahead of print]
- Abstract When polyethylene glycol (PEG)ylated liposomes were repeatedly injected into the same animal, the second dose of liposomes would rapidly clear from the bloodstream and enhance accumulation in the liver and spleen, and this phenomenon is called "accelerated blood clearance (ABC)". There are
- PMID 24524364
Japanese Journal
- <b>Influences of Long-Term, High-Dose Acetaminophen Administration on Liver Function Markers in Healthy Japanese Adults </b>
- <i>Ex-Vivo</i>/<i>in-Vitro</i> Anti-polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Immunoglobulin M Production from Murine Splenic B Cells Stimulated by PEGylated Liposome
- ポリエチレングリコール修飾リポソーム投与時に生ずる Accelerated Blood Clearance (ABC) 現象
- 藥學雜誌 = Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan 128(2), 233-243, 2008-02-01
- NAID 110006572176
Related Links
- The first-dose phenomenon is a sudden and severe fall in blood pressure that can occur when changing from a lying to a standing position the first time that an alpha blocker drug is used or when resuming the drug after many months off.
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★リンクテーブル★
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- 英
- first-dose phenomenon、first-dose phenomena
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初回投与現象
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- first-dose phenomenon
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- carry out、conduct、execute、make、perform、practice、undertake
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- dosage、ID、injected dose、input
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- consequence、event、phenomena、phenomenal
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- administration、medicate、prescription
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