fat-free diet

• 無脂肪食

関

fat-restricted diet、low-fat diet

WordNet

1. unconstrained or not chemically bound in a molecule or not fixed and capable of relatively unrestricted motion; "free expansion"; "free oxygen"; "a free electron"
2. people who are free; "the home of the free and the brave" (同)free people
3. free from obligations or duties (同)discharge
4. free or remove obstruction from; "free a path across the cluttered floor" (同)disengage
5. grant freedom to; free from confinement (同)liberate, release, unloose, unloosen, loose
6. not literal; "a loose interpretation of what she had been told"; "a free translation of the poem" (同)loose, liberal
7. make (information) available for publication; "release the list with the names of the prisoners" (同)release
8. able to act at will; not hampered; not under compulsion or restraint; "free enterprise"; "a free port"; "a free country"; "I have an hour free"; "free will"; "free of racism"; "feel free to stay as long as you wish"; "a free choice"
9. not held in servitude; "after the Civil War he was a free man"
10. not occupied or in use; "a free locker"; "a free lane"
11. to be on base at the end of an inning, of a player
12. pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life; "She died from cancer"; "The children perished in the fire"; "The patient went peacefully"; "The old guy kicked the bucket at the age of 102" (同)decease, perish, go, exit, pass_away, expire, pass, kick the bucket, cash in one''s chips, buy the farm, conk, give-up the ghost, drop dead, pop_off, choke, croak, snuff it
13. disappear or come to an end; "Their anger died"; "My secret will die with me!"
14. suffer spiritual death; be damned (in the religious sense); "Whosoever..believes in me shall never die"
15. a small cube with 1 to 6 spots on the six faces; used in gambling to generate random numbers (同)dice
16. a cutting tool that is fitted into a diestock and used for cutting male (external) screw threads on screws or bolts or pipes or rods
17. a device used for shaping metal
18. cut or shape with a die; "Die out leather for belts" (同)die_out
19. lose sparkle or bouquet; "wine and beer can pall" (同)pall, become flat
20. be brought to or as if to the point of death by an intense emotion such as embarrassment, amusement, or shame; "I was dying with embarrassment when my little lie was discovered"; "We almost died laughing during the show"
21. feel indifferent towards; "She died to worldly things and eventually entered a monastery"
22. languish as with love or desire; "She dying for a cigarette"; "I was dying to leave"
23. suffer or face the pain of death; "Martyrs may die every day for their faith"
24. follow a regimen or a diet, as for health reasons; "He has high blood pressure and must stick to a low-salt diet"
25. the act of restricting your food intake (or your intake of particular foods) (同)dieting
26. a legislative assembly in certain countries (e.g., Japan)
27. a prescribed selection of foods
28. the usual food and drink consumed by an organism (person or animal)
29. eat sparingly, for health reasons or to lose weight
30. having an (over)abundance of flesh; "he hadnt remembered how fat she was"
31. a soft greasy substance occurring in organic tissue and consisting of a mixture of lipids (mostly triglycerides); "pizza has too much fat"
32. marked by great fruitfulness; "fertile farmland"; "a fat land"; "a productive vineyard"; "rich soil" (同)fertile, productive, rich
33. lucrative; "a juicy contract"; "a nice fat job" (同)juicy
34. having a relatively large diameter; "a fat rope"
35. the syllable naming the fourth (subdominant) note of the diatonic scale in solmization

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. (束縛された状態になく)『自由な』,自由の身の / (国家・国民などが)『独立している』 / (思想・行為などが)強制されない,自発的な / (動作が)拘束されない,無理のない / 《補語にのみ用いて》(苦痛・制約などを)『免れている』,(誤り・偏見などの)ない《+『from』(『of』)+『名』》 / 《補語にのみ用いて》《『be free to』do》『自由に』…『できる』 / (仕事から)解放された,暇になった;(部屋などが)使用されていない,空いた / 『無料の』;無税の / 出し惜しみしない / 遠慮のない,慎みがない / (道路などが)障害のない,自由に通れる / 固定していない,離れた / 無料で / 自由に,妨げられずに(freely) / (…から)〈人・国など〉‘を'『自由にする』,解放する《+『名』+『from』+『名』》 / (困難などから)〈人〉‘を'救う《+『名』+『form』+『名』》 / (障害などを)〈人・物〉‘から'取り除く《+『名』+『of』(『from』)+『名』》 / (物を)…‘から'片付ける,外す《+『名』+『of』+『名』》
2. 〈人・動物が〉『死ぬ』,〈植物が〉『枯れる』 / 《副詞[句]を伴って》〈音・光・風などが〉消えてゆく《+『away』》;〈火・感情などが〉次第に収まる《+『down』》;〈家系・習慣などが〉絶えてなくなる《+『out』》 / 〈機械が〉動かなくなる,止まる / 《話》《進行形で》死ぬほど望む
3. さい,さいころ / ダイス,雄ねじ切り / (貨幣・メダルなどの)打ち型,打ち抜き型
4. (日本・デンマーク・スウェーデンなどの)『議会』,国会
5. (日常の)『飲食物』,常食 / (健康・体重調節などのための)『規定食』,制限食 / (健康増進などのために)〈人〉‘に'規定食を取らせる / 規定食を取る,食物を制限する
6. 『脂肪』,脂肪分 / (動物の)あぶら身 / (料理用の)油,ヘット / 肥満,太り過ぎ / 『太った』,肥満した / 『脂肪の多い』 / たっぷりとはいった,分厚い / もうかる / (土地が)肥えた / …‘を'太らせる / ふとる,肥える
7. ファ(全音階の第4音)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/11/11 00:56:54」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

USDA's Food Pyramid

New Version of the Food Guide Pyramid

A low-fat diet is one that restricts fat and often saturated fat and cholesterol as well. Low-fat diets are intended to reduce diseases such as heart disease and obesity. Reducing fat in the diet can make it easier to cut calories. Fat provides nine calories per gram while carbohydrates and protein each provide four calories per gram, so choosing low-fat foods makes it possible to eat a larger volume of food for the same number of calories. The Institute of Medicine recommends limiting fat intake to 35% of total calories to help prevent obesity and to help control saturated fat intake.

Evidence

Reducing total fat intake leads to reductions in caloric intake, resulting in weight loss or less weight gain. The overall benefit is small but beneficial. With respect to weight loss low-fat diets do not appear to differ from other diets that also reduce overall calories.

Low-fat diets have been promoted for the prevention of heart disease. Lowering fat intake from 35-40% of total calories to 15-20% of total calories has been shown to decrease total and LDL cholesterol by 10 to 20%; however, most of this decrease is due to a reduction in saturated fat intake. Saturated fat has been shown to raise total and LDL cholesterol in a large number of studies and has also been correlated with a higher risk of heart disease.

A 2013 meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of low- and high-fat diets showed low-fat diets decreased total cholesterol and LDL, but these decreases were not found when only considering low-calorie diets. It also showed HDL increases and triglyceride decreases in high-fat diets. Furthermore, lower total cholesterol was associated with lower intake of saturated fat and higher intake of polyunsaturated fat, HDL increases were associated with high monounsaturated fat intake and triglycerides associated with high carbohydrate intake. Decrease in saturated fat intake was only marginally related to decrease in LDL cholesterol. The meta-analysis concluded that neither high-fat nor low-fat diets could be unequivocally recommended.

According to the National Academies Press, a high-fat diet can contain "unacceptably high" amounts of saturated fat, even if saturated fats from animal products and tropical oils are avoided. This is because all fats contain some saturated fatty acids. For example, if a person chose fats with only 20% saturated fatty acids, setting fat intake at 35% of total calories would mean that 7% of calories would come from saturated fat. For this reason, the Institute of Medicine recommends consuming no more than 35% of calories from fat.

The influence of carbohydrates on body fat

Notwithstanding the impact of fat intake in plasma levels of fats, the proportion of carbohydrates in diet also has a strong influence on plasma levels of triglycerides and cholesterol. While a gradual increase in the carbohydrate content of the diet prevents hypertriglyceridemia, a sudden increase has been shown to rise plasma triglycerides. In agreement to this observation, a randomized trial comparing a low-carbohydrate diet (<40 g/day) and a low-fat diet (<30% of daily energy intake from total fat [<7% saturated fat]) revealed that low-carbohydrate diet was more effective at reducing fat mass, total-HDL cholesterol ratio, and triglycerides level.

References

External links

• British Heart Foundation: Fats Explained page
• NHS Choices: Fat - the facts

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 成人における健康食 healthy diet in adults
• 2. 食事中の脂肪 dietary fat
• 3. 成人における肥満：食事療法 obesity in adults dietary therapy
• 4. 癌生存における食事、身体活動、および体重の役割 the roles of diet physical activity and body weight in cancer survivorship
• 5. ケトン食 the ketogenic diet

English Journal

• Fatty acid intake in relation to reproductive hormones and testicular volume among young healthy men.

• MInguez-Alarcón L1,2, Chavarro JE3,4,5, Mendiola J2, Roca M6, Tanrikut C7,8, Vioque J9,10, Jørgensen N11, Torres-Cantero AM2,12.
• Asian journal of andrology.Asian J Androl.2017 Mar-Apr;19(2):184-190. doi: 10.4103/1008-682X.190323.
• Emerging evidence suggests that dietary fats may influence testicular function. However, most of the published literature on this field has used semen quality parameters as the only proxy for testicular function. We examined the association of fat intake with circulating reproductive hormone levels
• PMID 27834316

• Worsening of memory deficit induced by energy-dense diet in a rat model of early-Alzheimer's disease is associated to neurotoxic Aβ species and independent of neuroinflammation.

• Martino Adami PV1, Galeano P2, Wallinger ML3, Quijano C4, Rabossi A5, Pagano ES3, Olivar N6, Reyes Toso C3, Cardinali D3, Brusco LI6, Do Carmo S7, Radi R4, Gevorkian G8, Castaño EM1, Cuello AC7, Morelli L9.
• Biochimica et biophysica acta.Biochim Biophys Acta.2017 Mar;1863(3):731-743. doi: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.12.014. Epub 2016 Dec 27.
• Diet is a modifiable risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the mechanisms linking alterations in peripheral metabolism and cognition remain unclear. Since it is especially difficult to study long-term effects of high-energy diet in individuals at risk for AD, we addressed this question by us
• PMID 28039031

• Embelin attenuates adipogenesis and lipogenesis through activating canonical Wnt signaling and inhibits high-fat diet-induced obesity.

• Gao Y1, Li J1, Xu X1, Wang S2, Yang Y1, Zhou J1, Zhang L2, Zheng F3, Li X2, Wang B1,4.
• International journal of obesity (2005).Int J Obes (Lond).2017 Feb 6. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2017.35. [Epub ahead of print]
• BACKGROUND: Recent studies suggest that Embelin, a natural plant extract might have the potential to prevent body weight gain in rats. However, the mechanisms involved remain to be elucidated.METHODS: Effects of Embelin on adipocyte differentiation and lipogenesis were studied in murine ST2 stromal
• PMID 28163317

Japanese Journal

• Inducing Effect of Clofibric Acid on Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase in Intestinal Mucosa of Rats

• 山崎 研,門倉 麻希子,武藤 由季,坂本 武史,岡﨑 真理,光本 篤史,川嶋 洋一,工藤 なをみ
• Lipids 49(12), 1203-1214, 2014-12
• … Treatment of rats with a diet containing 0.5 % (w/w) clofibric acid for 7 days changed the MUFA profile of total lipids in intestinal mucosa; … Fat-free diet feeding for 28 days increased the proportions of 16:1n-7 and 18:1n-7, but did not effectively change that of 18:1n-9, in intestinal mucosa. …
• NAID 120005541125

• Comparison of Labeled Acetate and Glucose Incorporations into Lipids in the Liver and Adipose Tissue after Intravenous Injection in Rats

• , , , ,
• Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology 60(3), 176-182, 2014
• … To compare incorporations of acetate and glucose in tissue total lipids and triacylglycerols (TAG), incorporations of labeled acetate and glucose in livers and epididymal adipose tissues (adipose tissue) were followed after their intravenous injection in the tail vein of individual rat fed a fat-free or 10% corn oil diet. …
• NAID 130004678828

• The Mechanism of Weight-Loss Promoting Effects of Oil Heated with Vegetable Protein

• , , [他],
• Journal of Oleo Science 59(9), 463-470, 2010
• … We have previously reported that a soy oil-containing experimental diet (fat-free AIN93G containing oil thermally processed with soybean protein followed by filtration), inhibited body weight increases without any adverse effects when given ad libitum to male Wistar rats for 12 weeks. …
• NAID 130000301381

Related Links

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• Fat free diet?

is a fat free diet safe? i was on it for around a month and lost alot of weight eating around 5 gram... ... is a fat free diet safe? i was on it for around a month and lost alot of weight eating around 5 grams a day. i was ...

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「無脂肪食」「fat-restricted diet」
関連記事	「free」「diet」「die」「dieting」「fat」

「無脂肪食」

　　[★]

英

fat-free diet

関

低脂肪食、脂肪制限食

「fat-restricted diet」

　　[★]

• 脂肪制限食

関

fat-free diet、low-fat diet

「free」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 遊離の、遊離型の、自由な、無料の、フリーの、取り除く、(接尾辞的に用いて;～を)含まない

関

ad lib、ad libitum、deprive、disengage、free form、free of charge、freedom、freely、liberate、liberation、obviate、omit、release、remove、strip、withdraw

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「diet」

　　[★]

• n.

• 食べ物、食事。食生活、食習慣。ダイエット、食事療法、治療食、規定食、節食

関

feeding, nutrition

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「die」

　　[★]

• v.

• 死ぬ

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「dieting」

　　[★]

• n.

• ダイエット

関

diet

「fat」

　　[★] 脂肪