関: eruption、exanthem、exanthemata、rash、skin rash、vesication

WordNet

(of volcanos) pouring out fumes or lava (or a deposit so formed) (同)eructation, extravasation
symptom consisting of a breaking out and becoming visible
the emergence of a tooth as it breaks through the gum
imprudently incurring risk; "do something rash that he will forever repent"- George Meredith
any red eruption of the skin (同)roseola, efflorescence, skin_rash
a series of unexpected and unpleasant occurrences; "a rash of bank robberies"; "a blizzard of lawsuits" (同)blizzard
eruption on the skin occurring as a symptom of a disease (同)exanthema, skin_eruption

PrepTutorEJDIC

(病気・災害などの)『突発』,(戦争などの)勃(ぼっ)発;(怒り・笑いの)爆発《+『of』+『名』》 / (溶岩・熱湯などの)『噴出』;(火山の)『噴出』;(火山の)『噴火』《+『of』+『名』》;(火山・間欠泉などからの)噴出物
(人・行動などが)『向こう見ずな』,無分別な(reckless);性急な
発疹(はっしん)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/03/08 11:49:49」(JST)

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An exanthem (from Greek ἐξάνθημα exanthema, "a breaking out"^[1]) is a widespread rash usually occurring in children. Exanthems can be caused by toxins or drugs, microorganisms, or can result from autoimmune disease.

It can be contrasted with an enanthem.

§Types

Historically, six "classical" infectious childhood exanthems have been recognized,^[2] four of which are viral. Numbers were provided in 1905.^[3]

The four viral exanthema have much in common, and are often studied together as a class. They include:

Name	Number	Virus
(rubeola) measles	"first disease"	measles virus
rubella, ("German Measles") identified in 1881.^[4]	"third disease"	rubella virus
erythema infectiosum, identified as a distinct condition in 1896.^[5]	"fifth disease"	parvovirus B19
roseola infantum	"sixth disease"	HHV-6 and HHV-7

Scarlet fever, or "second disease", is associated with the bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes. (Measles and scarlet fever were distinguished in the 17th century.^[4]) Fourth disease, a condition whose existence is not widely accepted today, was described in 1900 and is postulated to be related to the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus.^[4]

Many other common viruses apart from the ones mentioned above can also produce an exanthem as part of their presentation, though they are not considered part of the classic numbered list:

Varicella zoster virus (chickenpox or shingles)
Mumps
rhinovirus (the common cold)
unilateral laterothoracic exanthem of childhood
Some types of viral haemorrhagic fever are also known to produce a systemic rash of this kind during the progression of the disease.
Tick-borne diseases like Rocky Mountain spotted fever produce a rash that may become extensive enough so as to be classified as exanthemous in as many as 90% of children with the disease.^[6]

§Prevention

Vaccinations now exist against measles, mumps, rubella (as a part of the MMR vaccine) and chickenpox.^[7]

§See also

List of cutaneous conditions

§References

^ "Roseola Glossary of Terms with Definitions on MedicineNet.com".
^ Bialecki C, Feder HM, Grant-Kels JM (November 1989). "The six classic childhood exanthems: a review and update". J Am Acad Dermatol. 21 (5 Pt 1): 891–903. PMID 2681288.
^ "fifth disease" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
^ ^a ^b ^c Weisse ME (January 2001). "The fourth disease, 1900-2000". Lancet 357 (9252): 299–301. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(00)03623-0. PMID 11214144.
^ Altman, Lawrence K (November 30, 1982). "THE DOCTOR'S WORLD". The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-11-07.
^ http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/r/rr5504.pdf
^ Michael A. Pfaller; Murray, Patrick R.; Rosenthal, Ken S. (2005). Medical Microbiology (Medical Microbiology). Mosby Elsevier. p. 700. ISBN 0-323-03303-2.

§External links

Overview at About.com
Definition at MedTerms
Differential diagnosis
Dermatology Quiz Includes photo, diagnosis, and treatment of unilateral laterothoracic exanthem (ULE).

UpToDate Contents

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1. 斑状の皮膚病変を有する患者へのアプローチ approach to the patient with macular skin lesions
2. 皮膚疾患診断へのアプローチ approach to dermatologic diagnosis
3. 小児ばら疹（突発性発疹） roseola infantum exanthem subitum
4. 顔面紅斑が認められる患者に対するアプローチ approach to the patient with facial erythema
5. 線状IgA水疱性皮膚症 linear iga bullous dermatosis

English Journal

An unusual presentation of a common infection.

Richter J, Quintanilla-Martinez L, Bienemann K, Zeus T, Germing U, Sander O, Kandolf R, Häussinger D, Klingel K.SourceTropical Medicine Unit, University Hospital for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany, Joachim.Richter@med.uni-duesseldorf.de.
Infection.Infection.2013 Apr;41(2):565-9. doi: 10.1007/s15010-012-0321-y. Epub 2012 Aug 28.
A 40-year-old Ghanaian woman presented with fever and exanthema. She had anemia, leukopenia, increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), creatinin kinase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and liver enzymes. She was diagnosed with schistosomiasis and was cured with praziquantel. During the following
PMID 22926562

[Interleukin-1-mediated diseases].

Holzinger D, Becker H, Jacobi AM.SourceInstitut für Immunologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus A1, 48149, Münster, Deutschland.
Der Internist.Internist (Berl).2013 Apr;54(4):408-15. doi: 10.1007/s00108-012-3186-3.
Interleukin-1 (IL-1)-mediated diseases are caused by an inappropriately high production and release of IL-1 beta which results in a multitude of symptoms, e.g. arthritis, exanthema, conjunctivitis, serositis, fever and loss of hearing. If IL-1-mediated diseases remain unrecognized or are recognized
PMID 23460390

Japanese Journal

当院で経験したラモトリギンによる薬疹の9例

高村さおり,井上有美子,麻生悠子 [他]
Journal of environmental dermatology and cutaneous allergology 7(3), 187-194, 2013-07
NAID 40019778119

漢方・生薬製剤によるアレルギー疑診患者の検討

齊藤幹央,阿部学,朝倉俊成 [他]
アレルギー・免疫 19(9), 1444-1456, 2012-09
NAID 40019414948

免疫抑制点眼薬使用中に発症した角膜ヘルペス

能谷紘子,高村悦子,三宮瞳 [他],田尻晶子,木全奈都子,篠崎和美,堀貞夫,NOTANI Hiroko,TAKAMURA Etsuko,SANNOMIYA Hitomi,TAJIRI Akiko,KIMATA Natsuko,SHINOZAKI Kazumi,HORI Sadao
東京女子医科大学雑誌 82(E1), E244-E248, 2012-01-31
免疫抑制点眼薬は重症アレルギー性結膜疾患に対し有効で安全な治療薬だが、まれに感染症を発症することがある。今回、アトピー性角結膜炎に対し、免疫抑制点眼薬使用中に樹枝状角膜炎を発症した症例を経験したので報告する。症例1.27歳、男性。0.1%シクロスポリン点眼薬、ステロイド点眼薬を使用中に眼瞼ヘルペスが発症し、バラシクロビル内服、ビダラビン軟膏が処方され皮疹は改善したが角膜混濁が悪化したため来院した。 …
NAID 110008767985

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リンク元	「発疹」「vesication」「exanthematic」
拡張検索	「exanthemata」「exanthema subitum」「vesicular exanthema of swine virus」「acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis」
関連記事	「exanthem」