WordNet

eruption on the skin occurring as a symptom of a disease (同)exanthema, skin_eruption

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/04/02 03:13:28」(JST)

wiki en

Roseola is a disease of children, generally under two years old.^[1] Although it has been known to occur in eighteen-year-olds, whose manifestations are usually limited to a transient rash ("exanthem") that occurs following a fever of about three days' duration.

It is caused by two human herpesviruses, human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) and human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7), which are sometimes referred to collectively as Roseolovirus. There are two variants of HHV-6 (HHV-6a and HHV-6b) and studies in the US, Europe, Dubai and Japan have shown that exanthema subitum is caused by HHV-6b. Research has shown that babies can be congenitally infected with HHV-6 via vertical transmission.^[2]

Roseola occurs in 1% of children in the United States.^[3]^[4]

Signs and symptoms

Typically the disease affects a child between six months and two years of age, and begins with a sudden high fever (39–40 °C; 102.2-104 °F). This can cause, in rare cases, febrile convulsions (also known as febrile seizures or "fever fits") due to the sudden rise in body temperature, but in many cases the child appears normal. After a few days the fever subsides, and just as the child appears to be recovering, a red rash appears. This usually begins on the trunk, spreading to the legs and neck. The rash is not itchy and may last 1 to 2 days.^[5] In contrast, a child suffering from measles would usually appear more infirm, with symptoms of conjunctivitis, coryza, and a cough, and their rash would affect the face and last for several days. Liver dysfunction can occur in rare cases.

A small percentage of children acquire HHV-6 with few sign or symptoms of the disease. Exanthema subitum occurs in approximately 30% of children during primary HHV-6 infection.^[6] Others may show symptoms significant enough that other more serious infections, such as meningitis or measles should be ruled out. In case of febrile seizures, medical advice can be sought for reassurance. However, febrile seizures are not harmful, do not require treatment, and have no long term negative effects unless they last longer than five minutes.

In rare cases, HHV-6 can become active in an adult previously infected during childhood and can show signs of mononucleosis.^[7]

Cause

Electron micrograph of HHV-6

It is caused by two human herpesviruses, human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) and human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7), which are sometimes referred to collectively as Roseolovirus. There are two variants of HHV-6 (HHV-6a and HHV-6b) and studies in the US, Europe, Dubai and Japan have shown that exanthema subitum is caused by HHV-6b. This form of HHV-6 infects over 90% of infants by age 2.

Prevention

There is no specific vaccine against or treatment for exanthema subitum, and most children with the disease are not seriously ill.

Treatment

For HHV-6 infection, no pharmacological treatments have been approved as of June 2012. Although they may be unnecessary for exanthema subitum, the use of cytomegalovirus treatments (valganciclovir, ganciclovir,^[8] cidofovir, and foscarnet) have shown some success.^[3]

Names

Country	Local name (language)	Translated name
Belgium	Driedagenkoorts (Dutch) Zesde ziekte (Dutch) Roséole (French)	"three-day fever" "sixth disease" -
China (PRC)	急疹 (Mandarin) jí zhěn (pinyin)	"fast rash"
Japan	突発性発疹 (Japanese) toppatsuseihosshin	"fast/sudden rash"
Korea (South)	돌발진 (Korean) Dolbalpijin	"fast/sudden rash"
Czech republic	Šestá nemoc (Czech)	"sixth disease"
Finland	Vauvarokko (Finnish)	"baby measles"
Estonia	Roseool, kolme päeva palavik	Roseola/three day fever
France	Roséole	"Roseola"
Germany	Drei-Tage-Fieber (German)	"three-day fever"
Greece	Αιφνίδιο εξάνθημα (Greek)	"sudden rash"
Hungary	Háromnapos láz (Hungarian) Hatodik betegség (Hungarian)	"three-day fever" "sixth disease"
Iceland	Mislingabróðir (Icelandic)	"measles' brother"
Italy	Sesta malattia (Italian)	"sixth disease"
Malaysia	Campak halus (Malay)	"small/tiny measles"
Netherlands	Zesde ziekte (Dutch)	"sixth disease"
Norway	Fjerde barnesykdom (Norwegian)^[9]	"fourth disease"
Philippines	Tigdas Hangin (Tagalog)	"wind measles"
Poland	Gorączka trzydniowa (Polish)	"three-day fever"
Russia	Краснуха (Russian)	"red rash"
Singapore	Jiǎ má 假麻 (Chinese)	"false measles"
Slovakia	Šiesta (detská) choroba (Slovak)	"sixth disease"
Slovenia	Šesta bolezen (Slovenian)	"sixth disease"
Sweden	Tredagarsfeber Sjätte sjukan (Swedish)	"three-day fever" Sixth disease
Taiwan	Méiguī zhěn 玫瑰疹 (Chinese)	"rose rash"
Turkey	Altıncı hastalık (Turkish)	"sixth disease"
Israel	Tifrachat vrooda תפרחת ורודה(Hebrew)	"rose/pink rash"
Vietnam	Sốt phát ban (Vietnamese)	"baby rash"

References

^ Zerr DM, Meier AS, Selke SS, et al. (February 2005). "A population-based study of primary human herpesvirus 6 infection". N. Engl. J. Med. 352 (8): 768–76. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa042207. PMID 15728809.
^ Universal childhood virus is inherited in DNA, newscientist.com
^ ^a ^b Flamand, L.; Komaroff, A. L.; Arbuckle, J. H.; Medveczky, P. G.; Ablashi, D. V. (2010). "Review, part 1: Human herpesvirus-6-basic biology, diagnostic testing, and antiviral efficacy". Journal of Medical Virology. 82 (9): 1560–1568. doi:10.1002/jmv.21839. PMID 20648610.
^ Araujo, A.; Pagnier, A.; Frange, P.; Wroblewski, I.; Stasia, M. -J.; Morand, P.; Plantaz, D. (2011). "Syndrome d'activation lymphohistiocytaire associé à une infection à Burkholderia cepacia complex chez un nourrisson révélant une granulomatose septique et une intégration génomique du virus HHV-6". Archives de Pédiatrie. 18 (4): 416–419. doi:10.1016/j.arcped.2011.01.006. PMID 21397473.
^ Roseola – Topic Overview, webmd.com
^ Zerr, D. M.; Meier, A. S.; Selke, S. S.; Frenkel, L. M.; Huang, M. L.; Wald, A.; Rhoads, M. P.; Nguy, L.; Bornemann, R.; Morrow, R. A.; Corey, L. (2005). "A Population-Based Study of Primary Human Herpesvirus 6 Infection". New England Journal of Medicine. 352 (8): 768–776. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa042207. PMID 15728809.
^ Stoeckle MY (2000). "The spectrum of human herpesvirus 6 infection: from roseola infantum to adult disease". Annu. Rev. Med. 51: 423–30. doi:10.1146/annurev.med.51.1.423. PMID 10774474.
^ Nakano, K.; Nishinaka, K.; Tanaka, T.; Ohshima, A.; Sugimoto, N.; Isegawa, Y. (2009). "Detection and identification of U69 gene mutations encoded by ganciclovir-resistant human herpesvirus 6 using denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography". Journal of Virological Methods. 161 (2): 223–230. doi:10.1016/j.jviromet.2009.06.016. PMID 19559728.
^ Nylander, Gro (2009) "Lille venn, hva nå?"

External links

MedlinePlus encyclopedia entry on "roseola"
Newly Found Herpes Virus Is Called Major Cause of Illness in Young, New York Times
HHV-6 Foundation
DermNet viral/roseola

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 小児ばら疹（突発性発疹） roseola infantum exanthem subitum
2. 小児におけるヒトヘルペスウイルス6感染：臨床症状、診断および治療 human herpesvirus 6 infection in children clinical manifestations diagnosis and treatment
3. ヒトの疾患に関連する頻度が低いビブリオ属およびビブリオ属類似菌 minor vibrio and vibrio like species associated with human disease
4. 小児における第6脳神経（外転神経）麻痺 sixth cranial nerve abducens nerve palsy in children
5. アスピリンの無効および耐性 nonresponse and resistance to aspirin

English Journal

Quantification of two viral transcripts by real time PCR to investigate human herpesvirus type 6 active infection.

Bressollette-Bodin C1, Nguyen TV2, Illiaquer M3, Besse B4, Peltier C5, Chevallier P6, Imbert-Marcille BM7.Author information 1EA4271, Immunovirology and Genetic Polymorphism, Nantes University, Nantes, France; Virology Laboratory, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France. Electronic address: celine.bressollette@univ-nantes.fr.2EA4271, Immunovirology and Genetic Polymorphism, Nantes University, Nantes, France. Electronic address: vanhanguyen03@yahoo.com.3EA4271, Immunovirology and Genetic Polymorphism, Nantes University, Nantes, France; Virology Laboratory, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France. Electronic address: marina.illiaquer@univ-nantes.fr.4Virology Laboratory, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France. Electronic address: bernard.besse@chu-nantes.fr.5EA4271, Immunovirology and Genetic Polymorphism, Nantes University, Nantes, France. Electronic address: cecile.peltier@univ-nantes.fr.6EA4271, Immunovirology and Genetic Polymorphism, Nantes University, Nantes, France; Clinical Hematology Department, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France. Electronic address: Patrice.chevallier@chu-nantes.fr.7EA4271, Immunovirology and Genetic Polymorphism, Nantes University, Nantes, France; Virology Laboratory, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France. Electronic address: Berthe-marie.imbert@univ-nantes.fr.AbstractBACKGROUND: Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) causes exanthema subitum and is associated with symptomatic reactivations in immunocompromised patients, particularly after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The detection of viral mRNA can help to make the difference between latent, chromosomally integrated and true replicating virus. It can also be a useful tool to investigate viral multiplication in different cell types.
Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology.J Clin Virol.2013 Dec 7. pii: S1386-6532(13)00510-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2013.11.014. [Epub ahead of print]
BACKGROUND: Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) causes exanthema subitum and is associated with symptomatic reactivations in immunocompromised patients, particularly after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The detection of viral mRNA can help to make the difference between latent, chromosomally integ
PMID 24380721

Copy number of telomeric repeat sequences of HHV-6B in clinical isolates: possibility of mixed infections.

Kato Y, Ihira M, Umeda M, Higashimoto Y, Kawamura Y, Ohashi M, Ishi J, Yoshikawa T.Author information Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujita Health University Hospital.AbstractIn order to determine whether mixed infections of human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B) occur in immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals, we examined the copy number of telomeric repeat sequences (TRS) of clinical isolates. In clinical isolates obtained from patients with exanthem subitum caused by primary HHV-6B infection, PCR products of HHV-6B TRS ranged between 400 and 800 bps were amplified. Various sizes of PCR products were amplified in four clinical isolates from drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS) patients and 15 hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients, which were caused by HHV-6B reactivation. Based on sequence analysis of the PCR products, the copy numbers of TRS in DHIS and HSCT patients were between 42 and 82 bps and 22 and >90 bps, respectively. In the two of the HSCT recipients, HHV-6B TRS PCR products of different sizes were detected in the several isolates from each patient, suggesting mixed HHV-6B infections. In two of the post-transplant HHV-6B encephalitis patients, the size of the TRS-nested PCR products amplified from the reactivated virus detected in the central nervous system differed from that of the virus detected in initial isolates from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Taken together these results suggest that PCR analysis of TRS copy number is a reliable tool for the discrimination of the clinical isolates of HHV-6B. Additionally, mixed HHV-6B infections occurred in HSCT recipients, and in some cases compartmentalization of HHV-6B strains to central nervous system versus the blood compartment occurred in post-transplant HHV-6B encephalitis patients.
Journal of clinical microbiology.J Clin Microbiol.2013 Nov 13. [Epub ahead of print]
In order to determine whether mixed infections of human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B) occur in immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals, we examined the copy number of telomeric repeat sequences (TRS) of clinical isolates. In clinical isolates obtained from patients with exanthem subitum caused b
PMID 24226929

Japanese Journal

臨床研究・症例報告突発性発疹と不機嫌

木村正彦
小児科臨床 64(10), 2245-2248, 2011-10
NAID 40018991985

五類感染症(定点把握) 突発性発疹 (新感染症学(下)新時代の基礎・臨床研究) -- (感染症法分類--発症・病態・診断・治療)

多屋馨子
日本臨床 65(-) (911), 349-354, 2007-03
NAID 40015386811

Related Pictures

Exanthema subitum; Roseola Infantum; Sixth Disease Exanthem Subitum Roseola Infantum Sixth Disease Stock Photo (Edit Now) 396946867 exanthema subitum - Liberal Dictionary Exanthema subitum - (roseola infantum, sixth disease, thre… | Flickr Exanthema subitum (zesde ziekte, roseola infantum) (patientenfolder) Little Baby Body Cover Roseola Infantum Stock Photo (Edit Now) 713896087 Prepare for Medical Exams : Roseola Infantum

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「ヒトヘルペスウイルス6」「exanthema subitum」「roseola」
関連記事	「subitum」「exanthem」

「ヒトヘルペスウイルス6」

Roseola
Synonyms	exanthema subitum, roseola infantum, rose rash of infants, sixth disease, baby measles, three-day fever
	Roseola on a 21-month-old girl
Classification and external resources
Specialty	Infectious disease
ICD-10	B08.2
ICD-9-CM	057.8
DiseasesDB	5857
MedlinePlus	000968
eMedicine	emerg/400 derm/378 ped/998
MeSH	D005077
	[edit on Wikidata]

　　[★]

英: human herpesvirus 6, HHV-6
同: 6型ヒトヘルペスウイルス、ヒトヘルペスウイルス6型
関: ウイルス、突発性発疹、exanthem subitum

「exanthema subitum」

　　[★]

突発性発疹、突発性発疹症

関: exanthem subitum、roseola、roseola infantum

「roseola」

　　[★]

関: exanthem subitum

関: exanthem subitum

「subitum」

　　[★]

adj.

((後置するラテン語形容詞)突発性の

関: cataplectic、episodic、sudden; exanthem subitum

「exanthem」

　　[★]

n.

発疹、皮疹。発疹性熱病

関: exanthematous, exanthematic, exanthemata

[pmid15728809-1] Zerr DM, Meier AS, Selke SS, et al. (February 2005). "A population-based study of primary human herpesvirus 6 infection". N. Engl. J. Med. 352 (8): 768–76. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa042207. PMID 15728809.

[newscientist.com-2] Universal childhood virus is inherited in DNA, newscientist.com

[pmid206-3] Flamand, L.; Komaroff, A. L.; Arbuckle, J. H.; Medveczky, P. G.; Ablashi, D. V. (2010). "Review, part 1: Human herpesvirus-6-basic biology, diagnostic testing, and antiviral efficacy". Journal of Medical Virology. 82 (9): 1560–1568. doi:10.1002/jmv.21839. PMID 20648610.

[4] Araujo, A.; Pagnier, A.; Frange, P.; Wroblewski, I.; Stasia, M. -J.; Morand, P.; Plantaz, D. (2011). "Syndrome d'activation lymphohistiocytaire associé à une infection à Burkholderia cepacia complex chez un nourrisson révélant une granulomatose septique et une intégration génomique du virus HHV-6". Archives de Pédiatrie. 18 (4): 416–419. doi:10.1016/j.arcped.2011.01.006. PMID 21397473.

[5] Roseola – Topic Overview, webmd.com

[6] Zerr, D. M.; Meier, A. S.; Selke, S. S.; Frenkel, L. M.; Huang, M. L.; Wald, A.; Rhoads, M. P.; Nguy, L.; Bornemann, R.; Morrow, R. A.; Corey, L. (2005). "A Population-Based Study of Primary Human Herpesvirus 6 Infection". New England Journal of Medicine. 352 (8): 768–776. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa042207. PMID 15728809.

[pmid10774474-7] Stoeckle MY (2000). "The spectrum of human herpesvirus 6 infection: from roseola infantum to adult disease". Annu. Rev. Med. 51: 423–30. doi:10.1146/annurev.med.51.1.423. PMID 10774474.

[Nakano_2009-8] Nakano, K.; Nishinaka, K.; Tanaka, T.; Ohshima, A.; Sugimoto, N.; Isegawa, Y. (2009). "Detection and identification of U69 gene mutations encoded by ganciclovir-resistant human herpesvirus 6 using denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography". Journal of Virological Methods. 161 (2): 223–230. doi:10.1016/j.jviromet.2009.06.016. PMID 19559728.

[9] Nylander, Gro (2009) "Lille venn, hva nå?"

匿名

検索

案内

案内

exanthem subitum