ethyl group

エチル基

WordNet

1. arrange into a group or groups; "Can you group these shapes together?"
2. (chemistry) two or more atoms bound together as a single unit and forming part of a molecule (同)radical, chemical group
3. any number of entities (members) considered as a unit (同)grouping
4. a set that is closed, associative, has an identity element and every element has an inverse (同)mathematical group
5. form a group or group together (同)aggroup
6. the activity of putting things together in groups
7. a system for classifying things into groups (同)pigeonholing
8. the univalent hydrocarbon radical C2H5 derived from ethane by the removal of one hydrogen atom (同)ethyl_group, ethyl radical
9. arranged into groups (同)sorted

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. (…の)『群れ』,集まり,小集団《+of+名》 / (主義・系統・種類などを同じくする人・物の)『派』,『団体』 / (ポミュラーソング歌手の)グループ / (動・植物分類上の)群;(化学の)基,原子団;(地質学上の)界;(数学の)群;(言語学上の)語派 / …‘を'一群に集める,一団にする《+『名』+『together』》 / (系統的に)…‘を'分類する,調和よく配合する《+『名』+『together』》 / 集まる,群(集団)をなす
2. グループに分けること;分類法 / (集まった物の)配置,配合
3. エチル / エチルの

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/09/04 13:29:25」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

For other uses of "ethyl", see Ethyl (disambiguation).

Ethyl group (highlighted blue) as part of a molecule, as the ethyl radical, and in the compounds ethanol, bromoethane, ethyl acetate, and ethyl methyl ether.

In chemistry, an ethyl group is an alkyl substituent derived from ethane (C₂H₆). It has the formula –C₂H₅ and is very often abbreviated Et. Ethyl is used in the IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry for a saturated two-carbon moiety in a molecule, whilst the prefix "eth-" is used to indicate the presence of two carbon atoms in the molecule.

Ethylation

Ethylation is the formation of a compound by introduction of the ethyl group. The most widely practiced example of this reaction is the ethylation of benzene. The ethylating agent is ethylene.

Approximately 24.7 million tons were produced in 1999. Ethylbenzene is the precursor to styrene, the precursor to polystyrene.

Etymology

The name of the group is derived from the Aether, the first-born Greek elemental god of air, and "hyle", referring to "stuff".

See also

• Functional group

References

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. C群およびG群レンサ球菌感染症 group c and group g streptococcal infection
• 2. PANDAS：A群レンサ球菌が関連した小児自己免疫性神経精神疾患 pandas pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder associated with group a streptococci
• 3. 新生児および乳児におけるB群レンサ球菌感染症 group b streptococcal infection in neonates and young infants
• 4. B群レンサ球菌：病原性因子および発症機序 group b streptococcus virulence factors and pathogenic mechanisms
• 5. 赤血球抗原および抗体のプライマー a primer of red blood cell antigens and antibodies

English Journal

• Biochemical and mutational studies of allantoinase from Bacillus licheniformis CECT 20T.

• Martínez-Gómez AI1, Soriano-Maldonado P1, Andújar-Sánchez M1, Clemente-Jiménez JM1, Rodríguez-Vico F1, Neira JL2, Las Heras-Vázquez FJ1, Martínez-Rodríguez S3.Author information 1Dpto. Química y Física, Universidad de Almería, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3, 04120 Almería, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria, BITAL, Almería, Spain.2Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain; Complex Systems Physics Institute, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.3Dpto. Química y Física, Universidad de Almería, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3, 04120 Almería, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria, BITAL, Almería, Spain; Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain; Dpto. Química Física, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain. Electronic address: srodrig@ual.es.AbstractAllantoinases (allantoin amidohydrolase, E.C. 3.5.2.5) catalyze the hydrolysis of the amide bond of allantoin to form allantoic acid, in those organisms where allantoin is not the final product of uric acid degradation. Despite their importance in the purine catabolic pathway, sequences of microbial allantoinases with proven activity are scarce, and only the enzyme from Escherichia coli (AllEco) has been studied in detail in the genomic era. In this work, we report the cloning, purification and characterization of the recombinant allantoinase from Bacillus licheniformis CECT 20T (AllBali). The enzyme was a homotetramer with an apparent Tm of 62 ± 1 °C. Optimal parameters for the enzyme activity were pH 7.5 and 50 °C, showing apparent Km and kcat values of 17.7 ± 2.7 mM and 24.4 ± 1.5 s(-1), respectively. Co(2+) proved to be the most effective cofactor, inverting the enantioselectivity of AllBali when compared to that previously reported for other allantoinases. The common ability of different cyclic amidohydrolases to hydrolyze distinct substrates to the natural one also proved true for AllBali. The enzyme was able to hydrolyze hydantoin, dihydrouracil and 5-ethyl-hydantoin, although at relative rates 3-4 orders of magnitude lower than with allantoin. Mutagenesis experiments suggest that S292 is likely implicated in the binding of the allantoin ring through the carbonyl group of the polypeptide main chain, which is the common mechanism observed in other members of the amidohydrolase family. In addition, our results suggest an allosteric effect of H2O2 toward allantoinase.
• Biochimie.Biochimie.2014 Apr;99:178-88. doi: 10.1016/j.biochi.2013.12.002. Epub 2013 Dec 12.
• Allantoinases (allantoin amidohydrolase, E.C. 3.5.2.5) catalyze the hydrolysis of the amide bond of allantoin to form allantoic acid, in those organisms where allantoin is not the final product of uric acid degradation. Despite their importance in the purine catabolic pathway, sequences of microbial
• PMID 24333989

• Investigation of aqueous stability of taxol in different release media.

• Amini-Fazl MS1, Mobedi H, Barzin J.Author information 1Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute , Tehran , Islamic Republic of Iran.AbstractAbstract In the present study, the aqueous stability of taxol in different aqueous media and immiscible aqueous/organic systems at 37 °C was investigated. The aqueous media included phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and PBS containing 10% methanol, 10% ethanol, 10% hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin (HP-βCD), 1% sodium citrate and 1% Tween 80. The immiscible systems consisted of PBS/octanol, PBS/dichloromethane, PBS/chloroform and PBS/ethyl acetate. The concentrations of taxol and related derivatives in each of the media were determined through the high-performance liquid chromatography assay. Results showed that hydrolysis and epimerization were two major types of degradation for taxol in the aqueous media starting from the initial hours of contact (6 hours). Addition of Tween 80 to PBS moderately increased the aqueous stability of taxol. As well, using PBS containing 10% HP-βCD inhibited the taxol hydrolysis, while epimerization still in process. In the case of immiscible systems, except for PBS/ethyl acetate system, no evidences of taxol hydrolysis were observed. Meanwhile, epimerization of taxol in PBS/dichloromethane and PBS/chloroform systems underwent due to the ability of C-Cl bonds to form hydrogen bonding with the hydroxyl group of C7 of taxol.
• Drug development and industrial pharmacy.Drug Dev Ind Pharm.2014 Apr;40(4):519-26. doi: 10.3109/03639045.2013.771646. Epub 2013 Apr 17.
• Abstract In the present study, the aqueous stability of taxol in different aqueous media and immiscible aqueous/organic systems at 37 °C was investigated. The aqueous media included phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and PBS containing 10% methanol, 10% ethanol, 10% hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin (HP
• PMID 23594296

• Ethyl glucuronide in hair and fingernails as a long-term alcohol biomarker.

• Berger L1, Fendrich M, Jones J, Fuhrmann D, Plate C, Lewis D.Author information 1Center for Applied Behavioral Health Research, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA.AbstractAIMS: This study aimed to evaluate the performance of ethyl glucuronide (EtG) in hair and fingernails as a long-term alcohol biomarker.
• Addiction (Abingdon, England).Addiction.2014 Mar;109(3):425-31. doi: 10.1111/add.12402. Epub 2013 Dec 13.
• AIMS: This study aimed to evaluate the performance of ethyl glucuronide (EtG) in hair and fingernails as a long-term alcohol biomarker.DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey with probability sampling.SETTING: Midwestern United States.PARTICIPANTS: Participants were 606 undergraduate college students between
• PMID 24524319

Japanese Journal

• RAFT homopolymerization of vinylbenzyl chloride with benzyl ethyl trithiocarbonate and synthesis of block copolymers from poly(VBC) macro-RAFT agent and N-isopropylacrylamide

• Sato Takuya,Ishida Yoshihito,Kameyama Atsushi
• Polymer journal 46(4), 239-242, 2014-04
• NAID 40020031441

• 外傷に起因する癒着防止を目的とするカルボキシメチルセルロース中のカルボキシメチル基置換度の評価

• 山田 佳太,木下 充弘,徐 吉夫,井上 利樹,青島 元法,長谷川 清孝,清 一雄,北 荘一郎,掛樋 一晃
• YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 134(11), 1209-1217, 2014
• … The degree of substitution and distribution of the substituent (i.e., the carboxymethyl group) are the most important parameters for the function of CMC. …
• NAID 130004712969

• Radical Addition-Initiated Domino Reactions of Conjugated Oxime Ethers

• Ueda Masafumi
• Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 62(9), 845-855, 2014
• … This reaction proceeds via a radical pathway involving regioselective thiyl addition and the subsequent trapping of the resulting α-imino radical with O2, where the imino group enhances the stability of the intermediate radical. … The radical reaction of a conjugated oxime ether with triethylborane in the presence of an aldehyde affords γ-butyrolactone via sequential processes including ethyl radical addition, the generation of N-borylenamine, an aldol-type reaction with an aldehyde, and a lactonization reaction. …
• NAID 130004684772

Related Links

• Naming alkanes with ethyl groups | Naming alkanes | Khan ...

Naming conventions for alkane chains that have an ethyl group branch. ... If you're behind a web filter, please make sure that the domains *.kastatic.org and *.kasandbox.org are unblocked.

• Ethyl Group - Atoms, Carbon, Ethane, and Atom - JRank Articles

Ethyl group is the name given to the portion of an organic molecule that is derived from ethane by removal of a hydrogen atom (-CH 2 CH 3). An ethyl group can be abbreviated in chemical structures as -Et. The ethyl group is one of ...

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関連記事	「group」「grouping」「grouped」「ethyl」

「group」

　　[★]

• n.

• 集団、グループ、(動物)群れ、(分類学)群、(化学)基

• v.

• 分類する、グループ化する

関

assortment、categorization、categorize、category、class、classification、classifier、classify、cluster、collective、grouping、herd、mass、population、sort、swarm、systematization、typing

　 　 　 　 　 　

「grouping」

　　[★]

• n.

• 分類、グルーピング、グループ化、群化

関

assortment、categorization、categorize、category、class、classification、classifier、classify、group、grouped、sort、systematization、typing

　 　 　

「grouped」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 群化の

関

grouping

　

「ethyl」

　　[★]

エチル

関

Et