WordNet

interrupt, break, or destroy; "fracture the balance of power"
breaking of hard tissue such as bone; "it was a nasty fracture"; "the break seems to have been caused by a fall" (同)break
fracture a bone of; "I broke my foot while playing hockey" (同)break
become fractured; "The tibia fractured from the blow of the iron pipe"
break (a bone); "She broke her clavicle"
break into pieces; "The pothole fractured a bolt on the axle"
violate or abuse; "This writer really fractures the language"
the act of cracking something (同)crack, cracking
applying pressure (同)compressing
encoding information while reducing the bandwidth or bits required
the process or result of becoming smaller or pressed together; "the contraction of a gas on cooling" (同)condensation, contraction

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉(特に)骨を折ること;骨を折った状熊 / 〈C〉割れ(裂け)目,(鉱物の)破砕面 / 〈足・腕などを〉‘を'骨折する;…‘を'砕く / 骨折する;砕ける
圧搾,圧傷;要約

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/09/22 18:42:03」(JST)

wiki en

A compression fracture is a collapse of a vertebra. It may be due to trauma or due to a weakening of the vertebra (compare with burst fracture). This weakening is seen in patients with osteoporosis or osteogenesis imperfecta, lytic lesions from metastatic or primary tumors,^[1] or infection.^[2] In healthy patients it is most often seen in individuals suffering extreme vertical shocks, such as ejecting from an ejection seat. Seen in lateral views in plain x-ray films, compression fractures of the spine characteristically appear as wedge deformities, with greater loss of height anteriorly than posteriorly and intact pedicles in the anteroposterior view.^[3]

Symptoms

Acute fractures will cause severe back pain. Compression fractures which develop gradually, such as in osteoporosis, may initially not cause any symptoms, but will later often lead to back pain and loss of height.

Diagnosis

Compression fractures are usually diagnosed on spinal radiographs, where a wedge-shaped vertebra may be visible or there may be loss of height of the vertebra. In addition, bone density measurement may be performed to evaluate for osteoporosis. When a tumor is suspected as the underlying cause, or the fracture was caused by severe trauma, CT or MRI scans may be performed.

Compression fracture of the fourth lumbar vertebra post falling from a height.
X-ray of the lumbar spine with a compression fracture of the third lumbar vertebra.

Treatment

Conservative treatment

Back brace for support while the bone heals - either a Jewett brace for relatively stable and mild injuries, or a TLSO for more severe ones.^[4]
Opioids or Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for pain. For osteoporotic patients, Calcitonin may be helpful.^[5]^[6]

Surgical

Kyphoplasty^[7] and vertebroplasty,^[7]^[8] minimally invasive procedures that inject cement into the bone of the back are treatment options. There is conflicting data however about the effectiveness of these procedures.^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]^[13]

References

^ Weber, Kristy (February 28, 2006). "Rounds 2: Treatment of Metastatic Bone Disease". John Hopkins Arthritis Center.
^ "Bone Infections". MedlinePlus. September 7, 2011.
^ Brant, William E.; Helms, Clyde A. (2007). "Benign Compression Fracture". Fundamentals of Diagnostic Radiology (3rd ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 302. ISBN 978-0-7817-6135-2.
^ "Jewett vs. TLSO Replies". OANDP-L on oandp.com. 2010-09-27. Retrieved 2012-09-02.
^ "Calcitonin for osteoporotic fractures". Retrieved 2012-09-03.
^ Knopp, Jennifer A.; Diner, Barry M.; Blitz, Maurice; Lyritis, George P.; Rowe, Brian H. (2004). "Calcitonin for treating acute pain of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures: A systematic review of randomized, controlled trials". Osteoporosis International 16 (10): 1281–90. doi:10.1007/s00198-004-1798-8. PMID 15614441.
^ ^a ^b Taylor, Rod S.; Taylor, Rebecca J.; Fritzell, Peter (2006). "Balloon Kyphoplasty and Vertebroplasty for Vertebral Compression Fractures". Spine 31 (23): 2747–55. doi:10.1097/01.brs.0000244639.71656.7d. PMID 17077747.
^ Taylor, Rod S.; Fritzell, Peter; Taylor, Rebecca J. (2007). "Balloon kyphoplasty in the management of vertebral compression fractures: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis". European Spine Journal 16 (8): 1085–100. doi:10.1007/s00586-007-0308-z. PMC 2200787. PMID 17277923.
^ Kallmes, David F.; Comstock, Bryan A.; Heagerty, Patrick J.; Turner, Judith A.; Wilson, David J.; Diamond, Terry H.; Edwards, Richard; Gray, Leigh A. et al. (2009). "A Randomized Trial of Vertebroplasty for Osteoporotic spinal Fractures". New England Journal of Medicine 361 (6): 569–79. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0900563. PMC 2930487. PMID 19657122.
^ Buchbinder, Rachelle; Osborne, Richard H.; Ebeling, Peter R.; Wark, John D.; Mitchell, Peter; Wriedt, Chris; Graves, Stephen; Staples, Margaret P.; Murphy, Bridie (2009). "A Randomized Trial of Vertebroplasty for Painful Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures". New England Journal of Medicine 361 (6): 557–68. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0900429. PMID 19657121.
^ Boonen, S.; Wahl, D. A.; Nauroy, L.; Brandi, M. L.; Bouxsein, M. L.; Goldhahn, J.; Lewiecki, E. M.; Lyritis, G. P. et al. (2011). "Balloon kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty in the management of vertebral compression fractures". Osteoporosis International 22 (12): 2915–34. doi:10.1007/s00198-011-1639-5. PMID 21789685.
^ Han, Shiliang; Wan, Shuanglin; Ning, Lei; Tong, Yongjun; Zhang, Jianfeng; Fan, Shunwu (2011). "Percutaneous vertebroplasty versus balloon kyphoplasty for treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture: A meta-analysis of randomised and non-randomised controlled trials". International Orthopaedics 35 (9): 1349–58. doi:10.1007/s00264-011-1283-x. PMC 3167445. PMID 21637959.
^ Farrokhi, Majid Reza; Alibai, Ehsanali; Maghami, Zohre (2011). "Randomized controlled trial of percutaneous vertebroplasty versus optimal medical management for the relief of pain and disability in acute osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures". Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 14 (5): 561–9. doi:10.3171/2010.12.SPINE10286. PMID 21375382.

External links

Vertebral Compression Fracture information on eMedicineHealth
Zeller, J. L.; Burke, A. E.; Glass, R. M. (2008). "Osteomyelitis". JAMA 299 (7): 858. doi:10.1001/jama.299.7.858. PMID 18285597.
Medscape article on lytic lesions
Emedicine article on spinal metastasis

UpToDate Contents

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1. 骨粗鬆症による胸腰椎圧迫骨折：臨床症状および医療 osteoporotic thoracolumbar vertebral compression fractures clinical manifestations and treatment
2. 成人における脊髄損傷：定義、機序、および放射線学的所見 spinal column injuries in adults definitions mechanisms and radiographs
3. ニ重エネルギーX線吸収測定の概要 overview of dual energy x ray absorptiometry
4. 小児または思春期のアスリートにおける頸部の筋骨格損傷の概要 overview of musculoskeletal neck injuries in the child or adolescent athlete
5. 骨転移、多発性骨髄腫、およびリンパ腫における完全および切迫病的骨折の評価およびマネージメント evaluation and management of complete and impending pathologic fractures in patients with metastatic bone disease multiple myeloma and lymphoma

English Journal

Pulmonary cement embolization after vertebroplasty requiring pulmonary wedge resection.

Rothermich MA1, Buchowski JM, Bumpass DB, Patterson GA.Author information 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St Louis, 660 S Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8233, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA.AbstractBACKGROUND: Pulmonary cement embolization after vertebroplasty is a well-known complication but typically presents with minimal respiratory symptoms. Although this rare complication has been reported, the current literature does not address the need for awareness of symptoms of potentially devastating respiratory compromise.
Clinical orthopaedics and related research.Clin Orthop Relat Res.2014 May;472(5):1652-7. doi: 10.1007/s11999-014-3506-0. Epub 2014 Feb 15.
BACKGROUND: Pulmonary cement embolization after vertebroplasty is a well-known complication but typically presents with minimal respiratory symptoms. Although this rare complication has been reported, the current literature does not address the need for awareness of symptoms of potentially devastati
PMID 24532433

One-dimensional patterning of cells in silicone wells via compression-induced fracture.

Dixon AR1, Moraes C, Csete ME, Thouless MD, Philbert MA, Takayama S.Author information 1Toxicology Program, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.AbstractWe have adapted our existing compression-induced fracture technology to cell culture studies by generating linear patterns on a complex cell culture well structure rather than on simple solid constructs. We present a simple method to create one-dimensional (1D), submicron, and linear patterns of extracellular matrix on a multilayer silicone material. We identified critical design parameters necessary to optimize compression-induced fracture patterning on the wells, and applied stresses using compression Hoffman clamps. Finite-element analyses show that the incorporation of the well improves stress homogeneity (stress variation = 25%), and, thus, crack uniformity over the patterned region. Notably, a shallow well with a thick base (vs. deeper wells with thinner bases) reduces out-of-plane deflections by greater than a sixth in the cell culture region, improving clarity for optical imaging. The comparison of cellular and nuclear shape indices of a neuroblast line cultured on patterned 1D lines and unpatterned 2D surfaces reveals significant differences in cellular morphology, which could impact many cellular functions. Because 1D cell cultures recapitulate many important phenotypical traits of 3D cell cultures, our culture system offers a simple means to further study the relationship between 1D and 3D cell culture environments, without demanding expensive engineering techniques and expertise. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 1361-1369, 2014.
Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A.J Biomed Mater Res A.2014 May;102(5):1361-9. doi: 10.1002/jbm.a.34814. Epub 2013 Jun 11.
We have adapted our existing compression-induced fracture technology to cell culture studies by generating linear patterns on a complex cell culture well structure rather than on simple solid constructs. We present a simple method to create one-dimensional (1D), submicron, and linear patterns of ext
PMID 23733484

A comparison between rib fracture patterns in peri- and post-mortem compressive injury in a piglet model.

Bradley AL1, Swain MV1, Neil Waddell J1, Das R2, Athens J3, Kieser JA4.Author information 1Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.2Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.3Department of Preventive & Social Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.4Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. Electronic address: jules.kieser@otago.ac.nz.AbstractOBJECTIVES: Forensic biomechanics is increasingly being used to explain how observed injuries occur. We studied infant rib fractures from a biomechanical and morphological perspective using a porcine model.
Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials.J Mech Behav Biomed Mater.2014 May;33:67-75. doi: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2013.06.004. Epub 2013 Jul 2.
OBJECTIVES: Forensic biomechanics is increasingly being used to explain how observed injuries occur. We studied infant rib fractures from a biomechanical and morphological perspective using a porcine model.METHODS: We used 24, 6th ribs of one day old domestic pigs Sus scrofa, divided into three grou
PMID 23867291

Japanese Journal

骨粗鬆症性椎体圧迫骨折に対する手術治療 (特集骨粗鬆症の診断と治療update) -- (骨粗鬆症の治療)

Bone joint nerve : BJN 6(1), 131-136, 2016-01
NAID 40020707624

症例報告等尺性膝伸展筋力測定中に発生した腰椎圧迫骨折の1例

日本臨床スポーツ医学会誌 24(1), 106-110, 2016
NAID 40020730182

Accuracy of specimen-specific nonlinear finite element analysis for evaluation of radial diaphysis strength in cadaver material

COMPUTER METHODS IN BIOMECHANICS AND BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 18(16), 1811-1817, 2015-12-10
NAID 120005617336

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「圧迫骨折」
拡張検索	「spinal compression fracture」「vertebral compression fracture」
関連記事	「compression」「fracture」