WordNet

become clear; "The sky cleared after the storm" (同)clear, light_up, brighten
sell; "We cleared a lot of the old model cars"
free (the throat) by making a rasping sound; "Clear the throat" (同)clear_up
make a way or path by removing objects; "Clear a path through the dense forest"
remove; "clear the leaves from the lawn"; "Clear snow from the road"
the state of being free of suspicion; "investigation showed that he was in the clear"
completely; "read the book clear to the end"; "slept clear through the night"; "there were open fields clear to the horizon" (同)all_the_way
clear and distinct to the senses; easily perceptible; "as clear as a whistle"; "clear footprints in the snow"; "the letter brought back a clear image of his grandfather"; "a spire clean-cut against the sky"; "a clear-cut pattern" (同)clean-cut, clear-cut
make free from confusion or ambiguity; make clear; "Could you clarify these remarks?"; "Clear up the question of who is at fault" (同)clear_up, shed_light_on, crystallize, crystallise, crystalize, crystalise, straighten out, sort out, enlighten, illuminate, elucidate
easily deciphered (同)decipherable, readable
affording free passage or view; "a clear view"; "a clear path to victory"; "open waters"; "the open countryside" (同)open
characterized by ease and quickness in perceiving; "clear mind"; "a percipient author" (同)percipient
settle, as of a debt; "clear a debt"; "solve an old debt" (同)solve
pass by, over, or under without making contact; "the balloon cleared the tree tops" (同)top
(especially of a title) free from any encumbrance or limitation that presents a question of fact or law; "I have clear title to this property" (同)unmortgaged
allowing light to pass through; "clear water"; "clear plastic bags"; "clear glass"; "the air is clear and clean"
be debited and credited to the proper bank accounts; "The check will clear within 2 business days"
characterized by freedom from troubling thoughts (especially guilt); "a clear conscience"; "regarded her questioner with clear untroubled eyes"
clear from impurities, blemishes, pollution, etc.; "clear the water before it can be drunk"
clear of charges or deductions; "a clear profit"
free from clouds or mist or haze; "on a clear day"
free from confusion or doubt; "a complex problem requiring a clear head"; "not clear about what is expected of us"
free from contact or proximity or connection; "we were clear of the danger"; "the ship was clear of the reef"
free from flaw or blemish or impurity; "a clear perfect diamond"; "the clear complexion of a healthy young woman"
free from payment of customs duties, as of a shipment; "Clear the ship and let it dock"
go away or disappear; "The fog cleared in the afternoon"
make clear, bright, light, or translucent; "The water had to be cleared through filtering"
pass an inspection or receive authorization; "clear customs"
readily apparent to the mind; "a clear and present danger"; "a clear explanation"; "a clear case of murder"; "a clear indication that she was angry"; "gave us a clear idea of human nature"
remove (people) from a building; "clear the patrons from the theater after the bomb threat"
remove the occupants of; "Clear the building"
rid of instructions or data; "clear a memory buffer"
used up; "time is up"
raise; "up the ante"
extending or moving toward a higher place; "the up staircase"; "a general upward movement of fish" (同)upward
to a later time; "they moved the meeting date up"; "from childhood upward" (同)upwards, upward
spatially or metaphorically from a lower to a higher position; "look up!"; "the music surged up"; "the fragments flew upwards"; "prices soared upwards"; "upwardly mobile" (同)upwards, upward, upwardly
(used of computers) operating properly; "how soon will the computers be up?"
(usually followed by `on or `for'
being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level; "the anchor is up"; "the sun is up"; "he lay face up"; "he is up by a pawn"; "the market is up"; "the corn is up"
nearer to the speaker; "he walked up and grabbed my lapels"
open; "the windows are up"
to a higher intensity; "he turned up the volume"
to a more central or a more northerly place; "was transferred up to headquarters"; "up to Canada for a vacation"
the act of removing solid particles from a liquid (同)clarification
the act of freeing from suspicion
a tract of land with few or no trees in the middle of a wooded area (同)glade
rid of objects or obstructions such as e.g. trees and brush; "cleared land"; "cleared streets free of fallen trees and debris"; "a cleared passage through the underbrush"; "played poker on the cleared dining room table"
(chiefly British) of or appropriate to the upper classes especially in language use

PrepTutorEJDIC

『晴れた』;明るい(bright) / 『透き通った』,透明な / (形・輪郭などが)『はっきりした』,くっきりした / (音が)はっきり聞こえる(聞き取れる) / 『分かりやすい』,あいまいさのない / 《補語にのみ用いて》はっきり知っている,確信している / 明せきな,理路整然とした / 妨害(支障)のない / 汚れ(しみ,きず)がない / 《補語のみ用いて》(…を)免れた,(…が)ない,(…から)解放された《+『of』+『名』》 / 《名詞の前,時に名詞の後に用いて》丸々の;正味の / はっきりと,明瞭に,明確に / (…から)離れて《+『of』+『名』》 / 全く,まるまる / (…を)…‘から'『取り除く』,片付ける;(人を)…‘から'立ち去らせる《+『名』+『of』+『名』》 / (…から)〈物〉'を'『取り除く』,片付ける;(…から)〈人〉'を'立ち去らせる《『名』『+『from』(『out of』,『off』)+『名』》 / 'を'きれいにする,清らかにする;…を明るくする / …‘に'触れないで越す / (罪・疑い・責任などから)…'を'逃れさせる』,免除する《+『名』+『of』+『名』》 / 〈議会・税関・手形交換所など〉'を'すんなりと通過する,‘の'許可を簡単に得る / 《話》…'を'まるまるもうける,‘の'純益を上げる / 〈負債〉を清算する,〈手形〉を釧済する;〈小切手〉を現金化する / 『明るくなる』;澄む / 消え去る,過ぎ去る / (じゃま物のない)開けた場所,あき地
《上への動作》『上へ』,上のほうへ / 《上の位置》『上に』,上のほうで / 『起こして』,立てて,直立して / (地図・紙面などの)『上へ(に)』,北のほうへ(に) / (遠くから)『近くへ,中心へ』;(周辺から)中心へ;(川下から)川上へ;(地方から)都会へ / (大きさ・量・価値・地位などが)『上のほうへ』,高く / (話者,話題の場所へ)『近づいて』,追いついて / 『活動して』,活動状態に / (物事・人が)現れて・起こって / 『すっかり』,完全に,終わって,…し尽くして / 保管(貯蔵)して;くるんだ(閉ざした)状態に / 《動詞を省略した命令文で》 / (野球・クリケットで)打席へ / (競技で)勝ち越して / (対抗の競技で)おのおの / 《移動・位置》『…の高いほうへ』,をのぼって;…の上のほうに / (川の)『上流へ』;(流れ・風)に逆らって;…の内陸(奥地)のほうへ / (自分が今いる所,またはある地点から前方へ)『…に沿って』 / 『上へ向かう』,(列車などが)上りの;上り坂の,(情勢などが)上向きの / 上り,上昇,上り坂 / 上昇気運,向上,幸運 / 上りの列車(バス・エレボーターなど) / 値上がり / …‘を'持ち上げる / …‘を'増大する,〈賃金・物価など〉‘を'引き上げる / 〈人〉‘を'昇進させる / 立ち上がる,起き上がる / 《and を伴って》急に(突然)…する
(森の一部を伐採して作った)開墾地,小さなあき地

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 腎細胞癌の疫学、病理、および病因 epidemiology pathology and pathogenesis of renal cell carcinoma
2. GISTを含む消化管間葉系腫瘍の疫学、分類、臨床像、予後の特徴、および診断方法 epidemiology classification clinical presentation prognostic features and diagnostic work up of gastrointestinal mesenchymal neoplasms including gist
3. ジエチルスチルベストロール（DES）投与例の転帰およびフォローアップ outcome and follow up of diethylstilbestrol des exposed individuals
4. 心臓植込み型電子デバイス：患者のフォローアップ cardiac implantable electronic devices patient follow up
5. Preoperative fasting guidelines

English Journal

Disinformation squared Was the HIV-from-Fort-Detrick myth a Stasi success?

Geissler E1, Sprinkle RH.Author information 1Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin-Buch, Germany, egeissler@mdc-berlin.de.AbstractAbstract Background. When in May 1983 the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was first securely attributed to a virus, eventually called the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), many controversies arose. Among these was one centering on HIV's origin. A startling hypothesis, called here the "HIV-from-Fort-Detrick myth," asserted that HIV had been a product, accidental or intentional, of bioweaponry research. While its earliest identifiable contributors were in the West, this myth's most dynamic propagators were in the East. The Soviet security service, the KGB, took "active measures" to create and disseminate AIDS disinformation beginning no later than July 1983 and ending no earlier than October 1987. The East German security service, a complex bureaucracy popularly known as "the Stasi," was involved, too, but how early, how deeply, how uniformly, how ably, and how successfully has not been clear. Following German reunification, claims arose attributing to the Stasi the masterful execution of ingenious elements in a disinformation campaign they helped shape and soon came to dominate. We have tested these claims. Question. Was the HIV-from-Fort-Detrick myth a Stasi success? Methods. Primary sources were documents and photographs assembled by the Ministry of State Security (MfS) of the German Democratic Republic (GDR or East Germany), the Ministry of Interior of the People's Republic of Bulgaria, and the United States Department of State; the estate of myth principals Jakob and Lilli Segal; the "AIDS box" in the estate of East German literary figure Stefan Heym; participant-observer recollections, interviews, and correspondence; and expert interviews. We examined secondary sources in light of primary sources. Findings. The HIV-from-Fort-Detrick myth had debuted in print in India in 1983 and had been described in publications worldwide prior to 1986, the earliest year for which we found any Stasi document mentioning the myth in any context. Many of the myth's exponents were seemingly independent conspiracy theorists. Its single most creative exponent was Jakob Segal, an idiosyncratic Soviet biologist long resident in, and long retired in, the GDR. Segal applied to the myth a thin but tenacious layer of plausibility. We could not exclude a direct KGB influence on him but found no evidence demonstrating it. The Stasi did not direct his efforts and had difficulty tracking his activities. The Stasi were prone to interpretive error and self-aggrandizement. They credited themselves with successes they did not achieve, and, in one instance, failed to appreciate that a major presumptive success had actually been a fiasco. Senior Stasi officers came to see the myth's propagation as an embarrassment threatening broader interests, especially the GDR's interest in being accepted as a scientifically sophisticated state. In 1986, 1988, and 1989, officers of HV A/X, the Stasi's disinformation and "active measures" department, discussed the myth in meetings with the Bulgarian secret service. In the last of these meetings, HV A/X officers tried to interest their Bulgarian counterparts in taking up, or taking over, the myth's propagation. Further efforts, if any, were obscured by collapse of the East German and Bulgarian governments. Conclusion. No, the HIV-from-Fort-Detrick myth was not a Stasi success. Impressions to the contrary can be attributed to reliance on presumptions, boasts, and inventions. Presumptions conceding to the Stasi an extraordinary operational efficiency and an irresistible competence - qualities we could not confirm in this case - made the boasts and inventions more convincing than their evidentiary basis, had it been known, would have allowed. The result was disinformation about disinformation, a product we call "disinformation squared."
Politics and the life sciences : the journal of the Association for Politics and the Life Sciences.Politics Life Sci.2014 Fall;32(2):2-99. doi: 10.2990/32_2_2.
Abstract Background. When in May 1983 the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was first securely attributed to a virus, eventually called the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), many controversies arose. Among these was one centering on HIV's origin. A startling hypothesis, called here the "HI
PMID 24697634

Current aspects in immunosensors.

Gopinath SC1, Tang TH2, Citartan M3, Chen Y4, Lakshmipriya T4.Author information 1Advanced Medical & Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200 Bertam, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia; OCRCC, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Electronic address: gopis11@gmail.com.2Advanced Medical & Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200 Bertam, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia. Electronic address: tangth.amdi@usm.edu.my.3Advanced Medical & Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200 Bertam, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia.4OCRCC, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.AbstractSensing applications can be used to report biomolecular interactions in order to elucidate the functions of molecules. The use of an analyte and a ligand is a common set-up in sensor development. For several decades, antibodies have been considered to be potential analytes or ligands for development of so-called "immunosensors." In an immunosensor, formation of the complex between antibody and antigen transduces the signal, which is measurable in various ways (e.g., both labeled and label-free based detection). Success of an immunosensor depends on various factors, including surface functionalization, antibody orientation, density of the antibody on the sensor platform, and configuration of the immunosensor. Careful optimization of these factors can generate clear-cut results for any immunosensor. Herein, current aspects, involved in the generated immunosensors, are discussed.
Biosensors & bioelectronics.Biosens Bioelectron.2014 Jul 15;57C:292-302. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.02.029. Epub 2014 Feb 19.
Sensing applications can be used to report biomolecular interactions in order to elucidate the functions of molecules. The use of an analyte and a ligand is a common set-up in sensor development. For several decades, antibodies have been considered to be potential analytes or ligands for development
PMID 24607580

Micro-molding with ultrasonic vibration energy: New method to disperse nanoclays in polymer matrices.

Planellas M1, Sacristán M1, Rey L1, Olmo C1, Aymamí J2, Casas MT1, Del Valle LJ1, Franco L2, Puiggalí J3.Author information 1Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Av. Diagonal 647, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.2Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Av. Diagonal 647, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain; Center for Research in Nano-Engineering (CRNE), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Edifici C, C/Pasqual i Vila s/n, Barcelona E-08028, Spain.3Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Av. Diagonal 647, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain; Center for Research in Nano-Engineering (CRNE), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Edifici C, C/Pasqual i Vila s/n, Barcelona E-08028, Spain. Electronic address: Jordi.Puiggali@upc.edu.AbstractUltrasound technology was proved as an efficient processing technique to obtain micro-molded specimens of polylactide (PLA) and polybutylene succinate (PBS), which were selected as examples of biodegradable polyesters widely employed in commodity and specialty applications. Operational parameters such as amplitude, molding force and processing time were successfully optimized to prepare samples with a decrease in the number average molecular weight lower than 6%. Ultrasonic waves also seemed an ideal energy source to provide effective disaggregation of clay silicate layers, and therefore exfoliated nanocomposites. X-ray diffraction patterns of nanocomposites prepared by direct micro-molding of PLA or PBS powder mixtures with natural montmorillonite or different organo-modified clays showed the disappearance of the 001 silicate reflection for specimens having up to 6wt.% clay content. All electron micrographs revealed relatively homogeneous dispersion and sheet nanostructures oriented in the direction of the melt flow. Incorporation of clay particles during processing had practically no influence on PLA characteristics but enhanced PBS degradation when an organo-modifier was employed. This was in agreement with thermal stability data deduced from thermogravimetric analysis. Cold crystallization experiments directly performed on micro-molded PLA specimens pointed to a complex influence of clay particles reflected by the increase or decrease of the overall non-isothermal crystallization rate when compared to the neat polymer. In all cases, the addition of clay led to a clear decrease in the Avrami exponent.
Ultrasonics sonochemistry.Ultrason Sonochem.2014 Jul;21(4):1557-69. doi: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2013.12.027. Epub 2014 Jan 8.
Ultrasound technology was proved as an efficient processing technique to obtain micro-molded specimens of polylactide (PLA) and polybutylene succinate (PBS), which were selected as examples of biodegradable polyesters widely employed in commodity and specialty applications. Operational parameters su
PMID 24457002

Japanese Journal

日本政府CIOのコア・コンピタンス

本田正美
情報処理学会研究報告. EIP, [電子化知的財産・社会基盤] 2013-EIP-62(6), 1-8, 2013-11-14
2012 年 8 月にリコー元副社長の遠藤紘一氏が非常勤の「政府情報化統括責任者 (政府 CIO) 」に任命された.それまで,各府省にあっては CIO が任命されていたが,日本政府全体の情報化を統括する役職は存在していなかった.そこで,政府 CIO が任命されたのである.しかし,当初はその職務について法的な裏付けがなかったため,2013 年に「内閣法等の一部を改正する法律案 (政府 CIO …
NAID 110009631823

総合認識教育の根底にあったもの―「あいだ」を育む―

吉野秀幸,佐藤賢司,森実,鈴木真由子
大阪教育大学紀要　第Ⅳ部門　教育科学 62(1), 209-223, 2013-09-30
… In the meeting, the authors organized a symposium, which was entitled "What Lies at the Root of the Course of Integrated Knowledge Education: Nurturing 'Aida.'" The purpose of this paper is to make it clear generally what is the basic idea that runs throughout various works in the Course, on what was discussed in the symposium. … And lastly, the authors will sum up their discussions and re-confirm the significance of this Course. …
NAID 120005342936

Integrated Over-Temperature Protection Circuit for GaN Smart Power ICs

Kwan Alex Man Ho,Guan Yue,Liu Xiaosen,Chen Kevin J.
Jpn J Appl Phys 52(8), 08JN15-08JN15-4, 2013-08-25
… The circuit effectively indicates the over-temperature up to 250 °C, and has a power supply rejection radio well above 35 dB. …
NAID 150000107620