WordNet

take by attacking with scaling ladders; "The troops scaled the walls of the fort"
a specialized leaf or bract that protects a bud or catkin (同)scale leaf
an ordered reference standard; "judging on a scale of 1 to 10" (同)scale of measurement, graduated table, ordered series
relative magnitude; "they entertained on a grand scale"
size or measure according to a scale; "This model must be scaled down"
the ratio between the size of something and a representation of it; "the scale of the map"; "the scale of the model"
a measuring instrument for weighing; shows amount of mass (同)weighing machine
a flattened rigid plate forming part of the body covering of many animals
an indicator having a graduated sequence of marks
(music) a series of notes differing in pitch according to a specific scheme (usually within an octave) (同)musical scale
a thin flake of dead epidermis shed from the surface of the skin (同)scurf, exfoliation
remove the scales from; "scale fish" (同)descale
reach the highest point of; "We scaled the Mont Blanc" (同)surmount
climb up by means of a ladder
measure by or as if by a scale; "This bike scales only 25 pounds"
measure with or as if with scales; "scale the gold"
pattern, make, regulate, set, measure, or estimate according to some rate or standard
a hard lump produced by the concretion of mineral salts; found in hollow organs or ducts of the body; "renal calculi can be very painful" (同)concretion
the branch of mathematics that is concerned with limits and with the differentiation and integration of functions (同)infinitesimal_calculus
of any of various dull tannish or grey colors
the hard inner (usually woody) layer of the pericarp of some fruits (as peaches or plums or cherries or olives) that contains the seed; "you should remove the stones from prunes before cooking" (同)pit, endocarp
an avoirdupois unit used to measure the weight of a human body; equal to 14 pounds; "a heavy chap who must have weighed more than twenty stone"
a lack of feeling or expression or movement; "he must have a heart of stone"; "her face was as hard as stone"
building material consisting of a piece of rock hewn in a definite shape for a special purpose; "he wanted a special stone to mark the site"
kill by throwing stones at; "People wanted to stone the woman who had a child out of wedlock" (同)lapidate
an incrustation that forms on the teeth and gums (同)calculus, tophus
impaired ability to learn grade-appropriate mathematics

PrepTutorEJDIC

《しばしば複数形で》『てんびん』,はかり / てんびんのさら / 《重量を表す副詞[句]を伴って》…の目方(体重)がある / …‘を'てんびんではかる
(蛇・魚類などの)うろこ / うろこ状の物;(ペンキ・さび・ふけなどの)爆片 / 〈魚など〉‘の'うろこを取る;…‘の'皮をはぐ / (…から)〈ペンキなどの薄泰〉‘を'そぎ取る《+『名』+『off』(『from』)+『名』》 / (…から)〈ペンキなどが〉かげ落ちる《+『off』(『from』)+『名』》
『段階』,等級,階級 / 『比率』,縮尺 / (物差しなどの)『目盛り』 / (目盛りの付いた)『物差し』;温度計,(各種の)スケール / 『規模』,スケール / 音階 / 記数法,…進法 / …‘を'よじ登る / (…に合わせて)…‘を'調整する《+『名』+『to』+『名』》 / …‘を'縮尺で製図(設計)する
〈C〉(腎臓内などにできる)結石 / 〈U〉微積分学
〈U〉(物質としての)『石』,石材 / 〈C〉『小石』,岩石の小片 / 〈C〉《複合語を作って》(特定の目的に用いる)石材 / =precious stone / 〈C〉(形・堅さが)石に似たもの(あられなど) / 〈C〉(腎臓・膀胱(ぼうこう)などの)結石 / 〈C〉(果実の)種,核 / 〈C〉《英》(体重を表す重量単位の)ストーン(14ポンド(約5.35キログラム)に相当) / 『石造りの』,石の・石器製の / …‘に'石を投げる,石を投げて殺す / …‘に'石を取り付ける(張る,敷く),沿って石を並べる / 〈果実〉‘の'種を取る
酒石(ぶどう酒が発酵する時にたるの内側に沈殿する) / 歯石

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/12/13 12:46:13」(JST)

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Look up calculus in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Calculus (from Latin calculus#Latin meaning ‘pebble’, plural calculī) in its most general sense is any method or system of calculation.

Calculus may refer to:

In mathematics and computer science

Calculus, also "the calculus", short for "differential calculus" and "integral calculus", which investigate motion and rates of change
Logical calculus, a formal system that defines a language and rules to derive an expression from premises.
The calculus of sums and differences (difference operator), also called the finite-difference calculus, a discrete analogue of "the calculus"
In symbolic logic:
- the propositional calculus, specifies the rules of inference governing the logic of propositions
- the predicate calculus, specifies the rules of inference governing the logic of predicates
- a proof calculus, a framework for expressing systems of logical inference
- the sequent calculus, a proof calculus for first-order logic
Bondi k-calculus, a method used in relativity theory
Domain relational calculus, a calculus for the relational data model
Epsilon calculus, a logical language which replaces quantifiers with the epsilon operator
Fitch-style calculus, a method for constructing formal proofs used in first-order logic
Functional calculus, a way to apply various types of functions to operators
Join calculus, a theoretical model for distributed programming
Lambda calculus, a formulation of the theory of reflexive functions that has deep connections to computational theory
Matrix calculus, a specialized notation for multivariable calculus over spaces of matrices
Modal μ-calculus, a common temporal logic used by formal verification methods such as model checking
Non-standard calculus, an approach to infinitesimal calculus using Robinson's infinitesimals
Pi-calculus, a formulation of the theory of concurrent, communicating processes that was invented by Robin Milner
Refinement calculus, a way of refining models of programs into efficient programs
Rho calculus, introduced as a general means to uniformly integrate rewriting and lambda calculus
Schubert calculus, a branch of algebraic geometry
Sequent calculus, a family of formal systems sharing a certain style of inference and certain formal properties
Tuple calculus, a calculus for the relational data model, inspired the SQL language
Umbral calculus, the combinatorics of certain operations on polynomials
The calculus of variations, a field of study that deals with extremizing functionals
Vector calculus (also called vector analysis), comprising specialized notations for multivariable analysis of vectors in an inner-product space

Other meanings

Calculus (dental), deposits of calcium phosphate salts on teeth, also known as tartar
Calculus (medicine), a stone formed in the body such as a gall stone or kidney stone
Battlefield calculus, military calculation of all known factors into the decision-making and action-planning process
Calculus (spider), a genus of family Oonopidae
Caseolus calculus, a genus and species of small land snails
Professor Calculus, a fictional character in the comic-strip series The Adventures of Tintin
Calculus of negligence, a legal standard in U.S. tort law to determine if a duty of care has been breached

This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title.
If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 尿管結石のマネージメント management of ureteral calculi
2. 成人における腎結石症が疑われた場合の診断および急性期マネージメント diagnosis and acute management of suspected nephrolithiasis in adults
3. ストルバイト結石およびサンゴ状結石のマネージメント management of struvite or staghorn calculi
4. 腎結石が確認された成人患者の評価および結石形成の有無が不明の患者の治療 evaluation of the adult patient with established nephrolithiasis and treatment if stone composition is unknown
5. ストルバイト結石の病因および臨床症状 pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of struvite stones

English Journal

Trends and inequalities in the surgical management of ureteric calculi in the USA.

Seklehner S1, Laudano MA, Jamzadeh A, Del Pizzo JJ, Chughtai B, Lee RK.Author information 1Department of Urology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Urology, Landesklinikum Baden-Mödling, Baden, Austria.AbstractOBJECTIVE: To assess trends in the surgical management of ureteric calculi over a 10-year period.
BJU international.BJU Int.2014 Mar;113(3):476-83. doi: 10.1111/bju.12372. Epub 2013 Nov 21.
OBJECTIVE: To assess trends in the surgical management of ureteric calculi over a 10-year period.MATERIALS AND METHODS: An analysis of the 5% Medicare Public Use Files, from 2001, 2004, 2007 and 2010, was performed to assess the use of ureteroscopy (URS), extracorporal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) a
PMID 24053734

Acute gangrenous cholecystitis diagnosed on gallium scan.

Ma HY1, Freeman LM.Author information 1From the Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY.AbstractA 72-year-old male patient was hospitalized with diffused abdominal pain with worsening renal insufficiency, intermittent vomiting, and a spiking fever. Initial CT scan and sonography showed a dilated gallbladder with a polyp, but no calculi. A gallium scan with SPECT/CT revealed intense gallbladder uptake with a cold central area. Acute gangrenous cholecystitis was suspected as the likely diagnosis and cause of his discomfort and fever. Subsequent cholecystectomy confirmed the diagnosis.
Clinical nuclear medicine.Clin Nucl Med.2014 Mar;39(3):270-3. doi: 10.1097/RLU.0b013e31829a0183.
A 72-year-old male patient was hospitalized with diffused abdominal pain with worsening renal insufficiency, intermittent vomiting, and a spiking fever. Initial CT scan and sonography showed a dilated gallbladder with a polyp, but no calculi. A gallium scan with SPECT/CT revealed intense gallbladder
PMID 23877518

Demographic characteristics and metabolic risk factors in Croatian children with urolithiasis.

Milošević D1, Batinić D, Turudić D, Batinić D, Topalović-Grković M, Gradiški IP.Author information 1University Children's Hospital, University of Zagreb School of Medicine and Clinical Hospital Center Zagreb, Kišpatićeva 12, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia, danko.milosevic@zg.t-com.hr.AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess demographic data, clinical presentation, metabolic features, and treatment in 76 children with urolithiasis presented from 2002 to 2011. Urolithiasis is responsible for 2.5/1,000 pediatric hospitalizations, with new cases diagnosed in 1.1/1,000 admissions. From the observed period, two-fold rise of incidence rate was observed. Compiling the data from other pediatric institutions in our country, we estimated present overall incidence rate in Croatia as 6.5/100,000 children under 18 years. There were 41 boys and 35 girls (ratio 1.17:1). The mean age at diagnosis was 9.7 (range 0.8-16) years and follow-up duration was 5.3 (range 1.8-10) years. Renal colic (75.0 %) and hematuria (57.89 %) were the main symptoms. In 65.78 % of children, stones were unilateral. Stones were located in kidney in 52.63 %, in the ureter in 26.32 %, and in bladder in 6.58 % cases. Stone analysis showed calcium oxalate in 75.0 % of the cases. Associated urinary tract abnormalities were found in 19.73 % children. Most common metabolic disturbances were hypercalciuria (47.37 %) and idiopathic or mild hyperoxaluria (18.42 %). Urine saturation (EQUIL2) was elevated in 61.84 % cases. Spontaneous stone evacuation occurred in 51.21 % children. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, surgical evacuation, and endoscopic removal of calculi were performed in 21.0, 6.58, and 5.26 % of cases, respectively. Follow-up conservative therapy, consisting of fluid/diet recommendations and additional potassium citrate and/or chlorothiazide in children with increased risk, was sufficient for stone recurrence prevention in 92.1 % of children. In conclusion, the study gave insight in epidemiology and metabolic disturbances of urinary stone disease in Croatian children.
European journal of pediatrics.Eur J Pediatr.2014 Mar;173(3):353-9. doi: 10.1007/s00431-013-2165-6. Epub 2013 Oct 6.
The aim of this study was to assess demographic data, clinical presentation, metabolic features, and treatment in 76 children with urolithiasis presented from 2002 to 2011. Urolithiasis is responsible for 2.5/1,000 pediatric hospitalizations, with new cases diagnosed in 1.1/1,000 admissions. From th
PMID 24096520

Japanese Journal

5%ブドウ糖注射液を用いた灌流により溶解できた膀胱結石の1例

西日本泌尿器科 = The Nishinihon journal of urology 78(1), 36-40, 2016-01
NAID 40020707127

腹腔鏡下尿管切石術を施行した2例

西日本泌尿器科 = The Nishinihon journal of urology 78(1), 29-35, 2016-01
NAID 40020707101

当院における敗血症性DICを合併した尿管結石による閉塞性腎盂腎炎の治療成績

日本泌尿器科学会雑誌 = The Japanese journal of urology 106(3), 163-171, 2015-07
NAID 40020532394

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「tartar」「歯石」「stone」「dental calculi」「dental calculus」
拡張検索	「common bile duct calculi」「salivary calculi」「salivary gland calculi」「biliary calculi」「urinary bladder calculi」