WordNet

a painful and involuntary muscular contraction (同)cramp, muscle_spasm
(pathology) sudden constriction of a hollow organ (as a blood vessel)
a bag that fills with air
a distensible membranous sac (usually containing liquid or gas) (同)vesica

PrepTutorEJDIC

(筋肉などの)けいれん / (感情・活動などの)発作《+『of』+『名』》
(人間・動物の)襄(のう),ぼうこう,(魚の)浮き袋;気胞　嚢に似た物
鉱泉,温泉 / 温泉場

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/07/28 13:38:44」(JST)

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A bladder spasm is a contraction of the bladder which generates an urge to urinate, sometimes accompanied by extreme pain. Incontinence may occur if the bladder spasm continues, as the contraction will force urine out. Any resulting stream of urine may be impossible to stop, as the patient does not have control over his or her bladder.

A number of conditions can lead to bladder spasm; all should be addressed by a doctor.

When a bladder spasm occurs, the bladder randomly contracts, as though the patient is about to urinate. The patient feels like he or she needs to urinate, and some leakage may occur. One of the most common causes of incontinence in the elderly is bladder spasms, which can also occur in young children and pregnant women as well as animals. The spasms may be violent, with patients comparing them to cramps.

In spite of ordinarily-adequate post-operative analgesia, such as an epidural or an opioid infusion, bladder spasms remain a problem for some surgical patients. When bladder spasms occur in children, they can be traumatic for the child and a cause of frustration for hospital staff and anxious parents who ﬁnd it difficult to deal with the fact that a child is in excruciating pain in spite of being on strong analgesia.^[1]

Symptoms[edit]

Symptoms include urgent need to urinate, leakage, and cramping pain.

Causes[edit]

Causes include diet, medication, urinary tract infections, irritation from catheters, recent surgery, and changes in the blood supply and nerves controlling the bladder.

Weak muscles[edit]

Weak pelvic muscles may let the bladder sag out of position, which can stretch the urethral opening, leading to bladder spasms.

Nerve damage[edit]

Nerve damage may result in mistimed or erroneous signals, and the bladder may react with spasms. (Nerve damage may also prevent fullness signals from reaching the brain.) Nerve damage may be caused by diabetes, Parkinson's Disease, Multiple Sclerosis, and stroke; by trauma; by pelvic or back surgery; by a herniated disc; or by radiation.

Interstitial cystitis[edit]

Interstitial cystitis, the cause of which is unknown, may in turn cause bladder spasms.

Urinary tract infection[edit]

The most common cause of bladder spasms is a urinary tract infection (UTI), which is characterized by a burning sensation during urination and cloudy, foul-smelling urine. UTI may result in chills, vomiting, fever, and flank pain.

Catheter-related irritation[edit]

If bladder spasms occur or there is no urine in the drainage bag when a catheter is in place, the catheter may be blocked by blood, thick sediment, or a kink in the catheter or drainage tubing. Sometimes spasms are caused by the catheter irritating the bladder, prostate or penis. Such spasms can be controlled with medication such as butylscopolamine, although most patients eventually adjust to the irritation and the spasms go away.^[2]

Treatment[edit]

Sometimes medication causes bladder spasm. Medicines that include bethanechol or valrubicin (a chemotherapy drug) can cause bladder spasm because they help force water from the body.

Treatment includes bladder training, anticholinergic medication, electrical stimulation, pelvic floor exercises and surgery. Surgery is rarely helpful in controlling bladder spasms.

Notes and references[edit]

^ D. Gillies Æ L. Lane Æ D. Murrell Æ R. Cohen, Bladder spasm in children after surgery for ureteric reimplantation. Pediatr Surg Int (2003) 19: 733–736
^ "Urinary catheters". MedlinePlus, the National Institutes of Health's Web site. 2010-03-09. Retrieved 2010-12-01.

External links[edit]

Find more about Bladder spasm at Wikipedia's sister projects
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	Quotations from Wikiquote
	Source texts from Wikisource
	Textbooks from Wikibooks

Wikispecies has information related to: Bladder spasm

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UpToDate Contents

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1. Treatment of urinary incontinence in women
2. 男性における下部尿路症状 lower urinary tract symptoms in men
3. 間質性膀胱炎／膀胱痛症候群の病因、臨床的特徴、診断 pathogenesis clinical features and diagnosis of interstitial cystitis bladder pain syndrome
4. 小児における膀胱機能障害の病因および臨床的特徴 etiology and clinical features of bladder dysfunction in children
5. Evaluation of women with urinary incontinence

English Journal

Reflex anuria following acute cardiac event.

Jeevagan V, Navinan M, Munasinghe A, Nazar A, Wijewardena A, Constantine G.SourceUniversity Medical Unit, National Hospital of Sri Lanka, Colombo-5, Sri Lanka.
BMC nephrology.BMC Nephrol.2013 May 20;14:106. doi: 10.1186/1471-2369-14-106.
BACKGROUND: Reflex anuria is an uncommon cause for acute renal failure, which occurs almost always after manipulation or irritation to kidneys, ureter, bladder or other pelvic organs.CASE PRESENTATION: Here we describe a case of acute renal failure due to reflex anuria following acute cardiac event.
PMID 23688052

Intravesical baclofen, bupivacaine, and oxycodone for the relief of bladder spasm.

Wallace E, Twomey M, Victory R, O'Reilly M.SourceDepartment of Palliative Medicine, St. Luke's Hospital, Rathgar, Dublin 6, Ireland. drelainewallace@gmail.com
Journal of palliative care.J Palliat Care.2013 Spring;29(1):49-51.
PMID 23614171

Japanese Journal

臨床経験膀胱尿管新吻合術術後のbladder spasmに対する仙骨硬膜外麻酔1回投与法の有用性

松田善文,山田真樹,新井丈郎 [他]
麻酔 58(5), 609-612, 2009-05
NAID 40016658472

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