WordNet

a silvery soft waxy metallic element of the alkali metal group; occurs abundantly in natural compounds (especially in salt water); burns with a yellow flame and reacts violently in water; occurs in sea water and in the mineral halite (rock salt) (同)Na, atomic number 11
a salt of sulphonic acid

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ソジウム,ナトリウム(金属元素;化学記号はNa)

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1. 成人における高カリウム血症の治療および予防 treatment and prevention of hyperkalemia in adults
2. バーター症候群およびギテルマン症候群 bartter and gitelman syndromes
3. 急性腎障害（急性腎不全）におけるナトリウム（FENa）、尿素（FEUrea）、およびその他分子の排泄率 fractional excretion of sodium urea and other molecules in acute kidney injury acute renal failure
4. 腎集合管ナトリウムチャンネルの遺伝的障害：リドル症候群および偽性低アルドステロン症1型 genetic disorders of the collecting tubule sodium channel liddles syndrome and pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1
5. 小児における高カリウム血症のマネージメント management of hyperkalemia in children

English Journal

Anti-UV activity of newly-synthesized water-soluble azulenes.

Ueki J, Sakagami H, Wakabayashi H.Author information Josai University, Sakado, Saitama 350-0295, Japan.AbstractBACKGROUND: We have previously reported that azulene-related compounds can protect cells from UV-induced cytotoxicity. However, due to their high water insolubility, their anti-UV activity could not be accurately determined. In the present study, we newly-synthesized a total of nine derivatives with higher water solubility, and re-investigated their anti-UV activity.
In vivo (Athens, Greece).In Vivo.2013 Jan-Feb;27(1):119-26.
BACKGROUND: We have previously reported that azulene-related compounds can protect cells from UV-induced cytotoxicity. However, due to their high water insolubility, their anti-UV activity could not be accurately determined. In the present study, we newly-synthesized a total of nine derivatives with
PMID 23239860

[High incidence-rate of oral mucositis in breast cancer patients receiving anthracycline-based chemotherapy (FEC100)].

Fukazawa M, Kawaguchi H, Shigematsu H, Koga C, Mori E, Nishimura S, Nakamura Y, Satou S, Sawamura K, Kashiwaba K, Ohno S.Author information Dept. of Pharmacy, Fukuokahigashi Medical Center, Japan.AbstractBackground: Oral mucositis is a frequent complication, but is poorly studied among patients with solid tumors. The purpose of this study is to clarify the incidence rate of oral mucositis in Japanese breast cancer patients receiving anthracycline-based chemotherapy(FEC100). Methods: From June 2007 to July 2008, 61 breast cancer patients eligible for this study received anthracycline-based chemotherapy(FEC100: 5-FU 500mg/m / / 2, epirubicin 100 mg/m2, cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m2)at National Kyushu Cancer Center and Iwate Medical University Hospital. The incidence rate and grade of oral mucositis were evaluated in these patients. Results: The cumulative incidence of oral mucositis was about 50%. Episodes of oral mucositis were more common during courses with febrile neutropenia than during courses without it(75. 0% vs 44. 9%, p=0. 12). The reduction of oral mucositis was only 13. 6% after administering the steroidal ointment and/or mouthwash, including sodium azulene sulfonate. Conclusions: New methods are needed to prevent and treat oral mucositis in patients receiving anthracycline- based chemotherapy(FEC100).
Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy.Gan To Kagaku Ryoho.2012 Mar;39(3):395-8.
Background: Oral mucositis is a frequent complication, but is poorly studied among patients with solid tumors. The purpose of this study is to clarify the incidence rate of oral mucositis in Japanese breast cancer patients receiving anthracycline-based chemotherapy(FEC100). Methods: From June 2007 t
PMID 22421766

[Investigation of how to prevent mucositis induced by chemoradiotherapy].

Tosaka C, Tajima H, Inoue T, Moya M, Kobayashi M, Miura K, Tada Y, Masubuchi T, Hushimi C, Kamata S.Author information Department of Pharmacy, International University of Health and Welfare, Mita Hospital, Japan.AbstractChemoradiotherapy for head and neck cancer is associated with a high incidence of severe oral mucositis; an adverse, painful event. Oral mucositis also causes nutritional deficiency by making oral feeding difficult. This may lead to prolongation of hospitalization due to complications caused by malnutrition. However, an effective way to prevent oral mucositis completely, remains to be found. In this study, we evaluated the occurrence of oral mucositis, and nutritional conditions such as hypoalbuminemia, reduction of body weight, and length of hospital stay (days) when the mouth was rinsed using rebamipide solution (R solution), or Poraprezinc-alginate sodium solution (P-A solution) (both considered to be effective for oral mucositis). A mouth rinsed with sodium azulene sulfonate (S solution) was used as a control. The mouth was rinsed out six times per day continuously during chemoradiotherapy. In the study, 31 patients were assigned to rinse their mouths using R solution, 11 patients using PA solution, and 15 patients using S solution (reduction rate of body weight in 14 patients). For the evaluation, the criteria for adverse drug reactions CTCAE (v3. 0) were used. Grade 1 and over, oral mucositis occurred in 48% of the R solution group, 36% of the P-A solution group, and 80% of the S solution group, indicating that the P-A solution group significantly prevented the occurrence of oral mucositis as opposed to the S solution group. A reduction in body weight was observed in 81% of the R solution group, 82% of the P-A solution group, and 79% of the S solution group, indicating a similar weight reduction rate among individual solution groups. Hypoalbuminemia equal to grade 2 or higher occurred in 3% of the R solution group, 18% of the P-A solution group, and 29% of the S solution group, indicating that the R group significantly prevented the occurrence of hypoalbuminemia compared to the S solution group. In addition, the length of hospital stays were 44 ± 8. 0 days for the R solution group, 52 ± 18. 8 days for the P-A solution group, and 61 ± 19. 5 days for the S solution group, indicating that the R solution group significantly shortened the length of hospital stay compared to the S solution group. These results suggested that the use of an R or P-A solution may be effective in preventing oral mucositis and impaired nutrition of those undergoing chemoradiotherapy for head and neck cancer.
Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy.Gan To Kagaku Ryoho.2011 Oct;38(10):1647-51.
Chemoradiotherapy for head and neck cancer is associated with a high incidence of severe oral mucositis; an adverse, painful event. Oral mucositis also causes nutritional deficiency by making oral feeding difficult. This may lead to prolongation of hospitalization due to complications caused by maln
PMID 21996960

Japanese Journal

苛性ソーダによる口腔化学損傷の1例

青柳信好,黒田卓,大石建三,佐野寿哉,連利隆
日本口腔外科学会雑誌 53(8), 481-485, 2007-08-20
… It is important to immediately identify the cause ofchemical burns and to administer treatment quickly as damage will continue even after the chemical agent hasbeen removed.<BR>A 32-year-old man with schizophrenia swallowed sodium hydroxide in an attempt to commit suicide and wasbrought to our emergency room. … The patient was instructed to garglewith azulene sodium sulfonate and to apply ointment on his lips. …
NAID 10019529406