アンドロゲン補充療法、男性ホルモン補充療法

WordNet

the act of furnishing an equivalent person or thing in the place of another; "replacing the star will not be easy" (同)replacing
(medicine) the act of caring for someone (as by medication or remedial training etc.); "the quarterback is undergoing treatment for a knee injury"; "he tried every treatment the doctors suggested"; "heat therapy gave the best relief"
male sex hormone that is produced in the testes and responsible for typical male sexual characteristics (同)androgenic_hormone

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置き換わること,取り替えること,元へ戻すこと;返済・置き換わる物(人),代理;補充員補充物
(病気の)治療,療法 / =psychotherapy
アンドロゲン(男性ホルモン)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/03/05 15:54:17」(JST)

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Androgen replacement therapy is a hormone treatment often prescribed to counter the effects of male Hypogonadism. It is also prescribed to lessen the effects or delay the onset of normal male aging. Additionally, androgen replacement therapy is used for men who have lost their testicular function to disease, cancer, or other causes. As men enter middle age they may notice changes caused by a relative decline in testosterone: fewer erections, fatigue, thinning skin, declining muscle mass and strength, more body fat. This dissatifaction with the changes of aging has led to the development of the idea of androgen replacement therapy.

History

Male hormones are called androgens from Greek words andro meaning man, and gen meaning giving birth to. Primary among them is the natural hormone testosterone, which is produced in the testes, ovaries and adrenals. Females also produce testosterone in the adrenals and as a precursor to estrogen, but the amount of circulating testosterone is generally far less than in males, although the ranges on the two sexes overlap.^{[Citation needed]} Both sexes also produce an androgen precursor called dihydroepiandrostene (DHEAS) from which the body can make androgens. Androgens cause the secondary sex characteristics of males: facial hair, thicker skin, low body fat, deeper voice, muscularity, penis and scrotal growth and darkening, broad shoulders, body hair, erection of the penis, etc. With increasing age, testosterone production declines, and many of these changes start to reverse.

This "decline of maleness" with age has given rise to a term: "andropause". This term implies a parallel with menopause in women, although the two states are by no means equivalent. The term manopause has also been used in the popular press. The scientific term is PADAM, an acronym for Progressive Androgen Deficiency of the Aging Male.

There are several artificial androgens, including nandrolone and various other manipulations of the testosterone molecule. Androgen replacement is administered by patch, tablet, pill, cream or gel; or depot injections given into fat or muscle.

Effects

Users report an increased alertness and well-being, heightened libido and erection ability, increase in lean muscle mass and concomitant decrease in body fat.

Adverse effects of testosterone supplementation include minor side effects such as acne and oily skin, and more significant complications such as increased hematocrit which can require venipuncture in order to treat, exacerbation of sleep apnea and acceleration of pre-existing prostate cancer growth in individuals who have undergone androgen deprivation. Another adverse effect may be significant hair loss and/or thinning of the hair. Exogenous testosterone also causes suppression of spermatogenesis and can lead to infertility. It is recommended that physicians screen for prostate cancer with a digital rectal exam and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level before starting therapy, and monitor hematocrit and PSA levels closely during therapy.

There is the possibility of abuse: some athletes may demand far higher levels of androgen than normal in order to out-perform others, other people may feel they require greater doses in order to achieve what they perceive as a feeling of greater well-being.

Therapeutic indications

Androgen replacement has a direct role in the treatment of hypogonadism, and may improve associated features such as anemia,^[1] and fatigue.^[2]

In addition, a number of other effects of testosterone have led to research into possible therapeutic roles in:

erectile dysfunction^{[citation needed]}
osteoporosis^[3]
diabetes mellitus^[4]^[5]
chronic heart failure^[6]
dementia, but the evidence base is small and the balance of benefit needs to be clarified^[7]

Notes

^ Makipour S, Kanapuru B, Ershler WB (October 2008). "Unexplained anemia in the elderly". Semin. Hematol. 45 (4): 250–4. doi:10.1053/j.seminhematol.2008.06.003. PMC 2586804. PMID 18809095. //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2586804/.
^ Miner M, Canty DJ, Shabsigh R (September 2008). "Testosterone replacement therapy in hypogonadal men: assessing benefits, risks, and best practices". Postgrad Med 120 (3): 130–53. doi:10.3810/pgm.2008.09.1914. PMID 18824832.
^ Farley JF, Blalock SJ (July 2009). "Trends and determinants of prescription medication use for treatment of osteoporosis". Am J Health Syst Pharm 66 (13): 1191–201. doi:10.2146/ajhp080248. PMID 19535658.
^ Traish AM, Saad F, Guay A (2009). "The dark side of testosterone deficiency: II. Type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance". J. Androl. 30 (1): 23–32. doi:10.2164/jandrol.108.005751. PMID 18772488.
^ PMID12809074
^ Caminiti G, Volterrani M, Iellamo F, et al. (September 2009). "Effect of long-acting testosterone treatment on functional exercise capacity, skeletal muscle performance, insulin resistance, and baroreflex sensitivity in elderly patients with chronic heart failure a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study". J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 54 (10): 919–27. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2009.04.078. PMID 19712802.
^ Cherrier MM (2009). "Testosterone effects on cognition in health and disease". Front Horm Res 37: 150–62. doi:10.1159/000176051. PMID 19011295.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 性腺機能低下を呈する男性に対するテストステロン治療 testosterone treatment of male hypogonadism
2. 男性性機能不全の治療 treatment of male sexual dysfunction
3. 前立腺癌生存者に対するアプローチの概要 overview of approach to prostate cancer survivors
4. ホルモン療法を用いた閉経期症状の治療 treatment of menopausal symptoms with hormone therapy
5. 下垂体機能低下症の治療 treatment of hypopituitarism

English Journal

Sex and gender differences in control of blood pressure.

Maranon R, Reckelhoff JF.SourceWomen's Health Research Center and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, U.S.A.
Clinical science (London, England : 1979).Clin Sci (Lond).2013 Oct 1;125(7):311-8. doi: 10.1042/CS20130140.
In recent years, the interest in studying the impact of sex steroids and gender on the regulation of blood pressure and cardiovascular disease has been growing. Women are protected from most cardiovascular events compared with men until after menopause, and postmenopausal women are at increased risk
PMID 23746374

Effects of dihydrotestosterone on synaptic plasticity of hippocampus in male SAMP8 mice.

Li S, Kang L, Zhang C, Xie G, Li N, Zhang Y, Du J, Cui H.SourceDepartment of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China.
Experimental gerontology.Exp Gerontol.2013 Aug;48(8):778-85. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2013.04.014. Epub 2013 May 4.
The senescence-accelerated-prone mouse 8 (SAMP8) has been proposed as a suitable, naturally derived animal model for investigating the fundamental mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In addition, the serum testosterone levels decrease quickly in the natural growth process of this model. This stu
PMID 23648585

Testosterone replacement therapy in patients with prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy.

Pastuszak AW, Pearlman AM, Lai WS, Godoy G, Sathyamoorthy K, Liu JS, Miles BJ, Lipshultz LI, Khera M.SourceScott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
The Journal of urology.J Urol.2013 Aug;190(2):639-44. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2013.02.002. Epub 2013 Feb 8.
PURPOSE: Testosterone replacement therapy in men with prostate cancer is controversial, with concern that testosterone can stimulate cancer growth. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of testosterone in hypogonadal men with prostate cancer treated with radical prostatectomy.MATERIALS AND METHODS: W
PMID 23395803

Japanese Journal

男性更年期外来受診者62例の臨床的検討

堀靖英,西井正彦,舛井覚,吉尾裕子,長谷川嘉弘,神田英輝,山田泰司,有馬公伸,杉村芳樹
泌尿器科紀要 59(8), 491-495, 2013-08-00
… The study included 32 patients who were diagnosed with LOH (FT ≦8.5 pg/ml) and treated with androgen replacement therapy (ART). …
NAID 120005322760

加齢男性性腺機能低下症候群におけるアンドロゲン補充療法の性機能症状に対する効果

渡部明彦,飯田裕朗,森井章裕,小宮顕,布施秀樹
日本性機能学会雑誌 = The japanese journal of Impotence Research 27(1), 1-6, 2012-06-30
NAID 10030809177

更年期男性の不定愁訴に白虎加人参湯が有効であった2例

堀場裕子,松浦恵子,渡辺賢治
Kampo Medicine 63(4), 245-250, 2012
更年期男性の不定愁訴に対して白虎加人参湯が有効であった2例を報告する。更年期男性に出現する様々な不定愁訴に対して，男性にも更年期障害が存在することが1939年に米国で報告された。その後，加齢男性性腺機能低下症候群（以下 LOH 症候群）という言葉が採用され，そのガイドラインが作成された。2症例とも更年期男性であり鑑別診断として LOH 症候群が挙げられたため，その診断基準のひとつであるAMS スコ …
NAID 130003369886

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リンク元	「アンドロゲン補充療法」「男性ホルモン補充療法」
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