- 日
- 関
WordNet
- a distinctive but intangible quality surrounding a person or thing; "an air of mystery"; "the house had a neglected air"; "an atmosphere of defeat pervaded the candidates headquarters"; "the place had an aura of romance" (同)aura, atmosphere
- a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of; "air pollution"; "a smell of chemicals in the air"; "open a window and let in some air"; "I need some fresh air"
- once thought to be one of four elements composing the universe (Empedocles)
- medium for radio and television broadcasting; "the program was on the air from 9 til midnight"; "the president used the airwaves to take his message to the people" (同)airwave
- the region above the ground; "her hand stopped in mid air"; "he threw the ball into the air"
- expose to warm or heated air, so as to dry; "Air linen"
- broadcast over the airwaves, as in radio or television; "We cannot air this X-rated song" (同)send, broadcast, beam, transmit
- be broadcast; "This show will air Saturdays at 2 P.M."
- (medicine) the invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms and their multiplication which can lead to tissue damage and disease
- (phonetics) the alteration of a speech sound under the influence of a neighboring sound
- the pathological state resulting from the invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms
- (international law) illegality that taints or contaminates a ship or cargo rendering it liable to seizure
- moral corruption or contamination; "ambitious men are led astray by an infection that is almost unavoidable"
- an incident in which an infectious disease is transmitted (同)contagion, transmission
- brought into existence; "he was a child born of adultery"
- a short excursion (a walk or ride) in the open air; "he took the dogs for an airing"
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 〈U〉『空気』,大気 / 《the ~》『空中』,空間,空(sky) / 《古》〈C〉そよ風,微風(breeze) / 《文》〈C〉(音楽の)ふし,旋律(melody) / 〈C〉様子,態度,風さい / 《複数形で》気どった様子 / 〈衣服など〉'を'空気にさらす,風にあてる / 〈部屋〉‘に'風を通す / 〈うわさ・意見など〉'を'言いふらす
- 〈U〉(病気の)伝染;感染 / 〈C〉伝染病
- bear〈他〉1の過去分詞(受動態にのみ用いる) / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》『生まれながらの』,先天的な(innate) / 『生まれた』;生じた
- bearの過去分詞
- 空気にあてること,虫干し / 《単数形で》外出,散歩 / (知識・意見などの)公開,周知
UpToDate Contents
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- 1. マンソネラ感染症 mansonella infections
- 2. 小児における非結核性抗酸菌の皮膚および軟部組織感染症の概要 overview of nontuberculous mycobacterial skin and soft tissue infections in children
- 3. TORCH感染の概要 overview of torch infections
- 4. 小児における播種性非結核性抗酸菌（NTM）感染症およびNTM菌血症の概要 overview of disseminated nontuberculous mycobacterial ntm infections and ntm bacteremia in children
- 5. セラチア種による感染症 infections due to serratia species
English Journal
- Culturing of human nasal epithelial cells at the air liquid interface.
- Müller L, Brighton LE, Carson JL, Fischer WA 2nd, Jaspers I.Author information Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.AbstractIn vitro models using human primary epithelial cells are essential in understanding key functions of the respiratory epithelium in the context of microbial infections or inhaled agents. Direct comparisons of cells obtained from diseased populations allow us to characterize different phenotypes and dissect the underlying mechanisms mediating changes in epithelial cell function. Culturing epithelial cells from the human tracheobronchial region has been well documented, but is limited by the availability of human lung tissue or invasiveness associated with obtaining the bronchial brushes biopsies. Nasal epithelial cells are obtained through much less invasive superficial nasal scrape biopsies and subjects can be biopsied multiple times with no significant side effects. Additionally, the nose is the entry point to the respiratory system and therefore one of the first sites to be exposed to any kind of air-borne stressor, such as microbial agents, pollutants, or allergens. Briefly, nasal epithelial cells obtained from human volunteers are expanded on coated tissue culture plates, and then transferred onto cell culture inserts. Upon reaching confluency, cells continue to be cultured at the air-liquid interface (ALI), for several weeks, which creates more physiologically relevant conditions. The ALI culture condition uses defined media leading to a differentiated epithelium that exhibits morphological and functional characteristics similar to the human nasal epithelium, with both ciliated and mucus producing cells. Tissue culture inserts with differentiated nasal epithelial cells can be manipulated in a variety of ways depending on the research questions (treatment with pharmacological agents, transduction with lentiviral vectors, exposure to gases, or infection with microbial agents) and analyzed for numerous different endpoints ranging from cellular and molecular pathways, functional changes, morphology, etc. In vitro models of differentiated human nasal epithelial cells will enable investigators to address novel and important research questions by using organotypic experimental models that largely mimic the nasal epithelium in vivo.
- Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE.J Vis Exp.2013 Oct 8;(80). doi: 10.3791/50646.
- In vitro models using human primary epithelial cells are essential in understanding key functions of the respiratory epithelium in the context of microbial infections or inhaled agents. Direct comparisons of cells obtained from diseased populations allow us to characterize different phenotypes and d
- PMID 24145828
- Performance of a new oxygen delivery device for potentially infectious critically ill patients.
- Yip YY, Kwok WH, Gomersall CD.Author information Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.AbstractIn patients with highly contagious diseases that are spread by respiratory droplets or air-borne particles, the use of high-flow oxygen may carry a significant risk of nosocomial transmission. We tested a new oxygen delivery device designed to address these problems by simulating 108 patients with sepsis and respiratory failure. The device being tested consisted of an airtight mask, a bacterial and viral filter, a T-shaped reservoir (50 and 100 ml) and oxygen delivery tubing connected directly to the mask. When tested with a 50-ml reservoir, a high fractional oxygen concentration was achieved: mean (SD) 0.83 (0.11) at a flow of 15 l.min(-1) oxygen. The 50-ml reservoir, when compared with the 100-ml reservoir, was associated with reduced carbon dioxide rebreathing (mean (SD) inspired fractional carbon dioxide concentration 2.5 (1.0) vs 3.0 (1.1), respectively, p = 0.009) and reduced inspiratory resistive work of breathing (mean (SD) 1.0 (0.6) J.l(-1) vs 1.2 (0.5) J.l(-1), respectively, p = 0.028). However, rebreathing and work of breathing were relatively high if a high respiratory rate was simulated. We conclude that the novel oxygen device we describe, equipped with the 50-ml T-shaped reservoir, is suitable for potentially infectious patients with type-1 respiratory failure but without marked tachypnoea.
- Anaesthesia.Anaesthesia.2013 Oct;68(10):1038-44. doi: 10.1111/anae.12378. Epub 2013 Aug 1.
- In patients with highly contagious diseases that are spread by respiratory droplets or air-borne particles, the use of high-flow oxygen may carry a significant risk of nosocomial transmission. We tested a new oxygen delivery device designed to address these problems by simulating 108 patients with s
- PMID 23902163
- Structure and receptor-binding properties of an airborne transmissible avian influenza A virus hemagglutinin H5 (VN1203mut).
- Lu X, Shi Y, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Qi J, Gao GF.Author information College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.AbstractAvian influenza A virus continues to pose a global threat with occasional H5N1 human infections, which is emphasized by a recent severe human infection caused by avian-origin H7N9 in China. Luckily these viruses do not transmit efficiently in human populations. With a few amino acid substitutions of the hemagglutinin H5 protein in the laboratory, two H5 mutants have been shown to obtain an air-borne transmission in a mammalian ferret model. Here in this study one of the mutant H5 proteins developed by Kawaoka's group (VN1203mut) was expressed in a baculovirus system and its receptor-binding properties were assessed. We herein show that the VN1203mut had a dramatically reduced binding affinity for the avian α2,3-linkage receptor compared to wild type but showed no detectable increase in affinity for the human α2,6-linkage receptor, using Surface Plasmon Resonance techonology. Further, the crystal structures of the VN1203mut and its complexes with either human or avian receptors demonstrate that the VN1203mut binds the human receptor in the same binding manner (cis conformation) as seen for the HAs of previously reported 1957 and 1968 pandemic influenza viruses. Our receptor binding and crystallographic data shown here further confirm that the ability to bind the avian receptor has to decrease for a higher human receptor binding affinity. As the Q226L substitution is shown important for obtaining human receptor binding, we suspect that the newly emerged H7N9 binds human receptor as H7 has a Q226L substitution.
- Protein & cell.Protein Cell.2013 Jul;4(7):502-11. doi: 10.1007/s13238-013-3906-z. Epub 2013 Jun 20.
- Avian influenza A virus continues to pose a global threat with occasional H5N1 human infections, which is emphasized by a recent severe human infection caused by avian-origin H7N9 in China. Luckily these viruses do not transmit efficiently in human populations. With a few amino acid substitutions of
- PMID 23794001
Japanese Journal
- メディカル用クリーンブース
- 伏水 聖
- 冷凍 85(991), 420-421, 2010-05-15
- NAID 10026351985
- くしゃみ・咳によるエアロゾル粒子中のインフルエンザウイルスの活性と空調
- 西村 秀一,阪田 総一郎
- 冷凍 85(991), 372-376, 2010-05-15
- NAID 10026351900
- マスクと循環ろ過による浮遊微生物除去 : 浮遊微生物由来の感染症防止に対するマスクと空調システムの役割について
- 阪田 総一郎
- 静電気学会誌 = Journal of the Institute of Electrostatics Japan 31(4), 160-164, 2007-07-31
- NAID 10019860263
Related Links
- The American Medical Association is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians. The AMA designates this journal-based CME activity for a ...
- [Effect of parting surfaces on the transmission of airborne organisms at junctions between areas of different hygienic standards] Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg B. 1985 Dec; 181(6):513-24. [Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg B. 1985]
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★リンクテーブル★
| リンク元 | 「空気感染」 |
| 関連記事 | 「borne」「infection」「air」「AIR」 |
「空気感染」
定義
- 何らかの経路で空気中に放出されたウイルスが宿主に吸引、吸着されることで感染が成立する様式
空気感染
- 空気感染
-
- ウイルス空気感染 aerosol transmission of virus
「borne」
- vt. bearのpp.
-borne
- ～によって運ばれる、伝えられる
- ex.
- water-borne：水媒介性の
- blood-borne：血液由来の
- air-borne infection,airborne infection ：空気感染
「infection」
- n.
「air」
- n.
「AIR」
- 同
- 5-aminoimidazole ribotide