WordNet

smear with blood, as in a hunting initiation rite, where the face of a person is smeared with the blood of the kill
temperament or disposition; "a person of hot blood"
people viewed as members of a group; "we need more young blood in this organization"
the fluid (red in vertebrates) that is pumped through the body by the heart and contains plasma, blood cells, and platelets; "blood carries oxygen and nutrients to the tissues and carries away waste products"; "the ancients believed that blood was the sea
brought into existence; "he was a child born of adultery"

PrepTutorEJDIC

『血』,『血』液 / 流血(bloodshed);殺人 / 気質,気性,血気,血潮 / 『血統』,血縁(kinship);生まれ,家柄;《the~》王家の血統 / (人種・出身国の)系 / 〈人〉‘に'初めての経験をさせる / 〈猟犬〉‘に'初めて獲物を血を味わわせる
bear〈他〉1の過去分詞(受動態にのみ用いる) / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》『生まれながらの』,先天的な(innate) / 『生まれた』;生じた
bearの過去分詞
純血の,純種の / 《複合語を作って》「…の血(性質)を持った」の意を表す

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/12/25 11:58:11」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

A blood-borne disease is one that can be spread through contamination by blood and other body fluids. The most common examples are HIV, hepatitis B, hepatitis C and viral hemorrhagic fevers.

Diseases that are not usually transmitted directly by blood contact, but rather by insect or other vector, are more usefully classified as vector-borne disease, even though the causative agent can be found in blood. Vector-borne diseases include West Nile virus and malaria.

Many blood-borne diseases can also be transmitted by other means, including high-risk sexual behavior or intravenous drug use.

Since it is difficult to determine what pathogens any given blood contains, and some blood-borne diseases are lethal, standard medical practice regards all blood (and any body fluid) as potentially infectious. Blood and Body Fluid precautions are a type of infection control practice that seeks to minimize this sort of disease transmission.

Blood poses the greatest threat to health in a laboratory or clinical setting due to needlestick injuries (e.g., lack of proper needle disposal techniques and/or safety syringes).

Blood for blood transfusion is screened for many blood-borne diseases. Additionally, a technique that uses a combination of riboflavin and UV light to inhibit the replication of these pathogens by altering their nucleic acids can be used to treat blood components prior to their transfusion, and can reduce the risk of disease transmission.^[1]^[2]^[3] Technology using the synthetic psoralen, amotosalen HCl, and UVA light (320-400 nm) has been implemented in European blood centers for the treatment of platelet and plasma components to prevent transmission of blood-borne diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, and protozoa ^[4]^[5]

Needle exchanges are an attempt to reduce the spread of blood-borne diseases in intravenous drug users.

References[edit]

^ Goodrich RP, et. al., “A Laboratory Comparison of Pathogen Reduction Technology Treatment and Culture of Platelet Products for Addressing Bacterial Contamination Concerns.” Transfusion 2009;49 : 1205-1216.
^ Ruane PH, et. al., “Photochemical Inactivation of Selected Viruses and Bacteria in Platelet Concentrates Using Riboflavin and Light.” Transfusion 2004; 44: 877-885.
^ Goodrich RP, et. al. “The Mirasol PRT System for Pathogen Reduction of Platelets and Plasma: An Overview of Current Status and Future Trends.” Transfusion and Apheresis Science 2006; 35 (1): 5-17.
^ Osselaer et al. "Universal adoption of pathogen inactivation of platelet components: impact on platelet and red blood cell component use". Transfusion 2009; 49:1412-1422.
^ Cazenave et al. "An active hemovigilance program characterizing the safety profile of 7,483 transfusions with plasma components prepared with amotosalen and UVA photochemical treatment". Transfusion 2010;50:1210-1219.

External links[edit]

Selected EPA-registered Disinfectants - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
OSHA Bloodborne Pathogen Standard (BBPS)
Bloodborne Pathogens and Needlestick Prevention, from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens Workplace Safety Standards and Regulations
Antimicrobials Information - National Pesticide Information Center
Professor Andrew Speilman, Entomologist, Harvard School of Hygiene and Public Health Freeview Malaria video by the Vega Science Trust.
Rob Hutchinson, Entomolgoist, Mosquitoes London School of Hygiene and Tropical Diseases. Freeview video by the Vega Science Trust.
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dhqp/bp.html
NIOSH Bloodborne Infectious Diseases Topic Page

UpToDate Contents

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1. 節足動物媒介性脳炎 arthropod borne encephalitides
2. 回帰熱の微生物学、病因、および疫学 microbiology pathogenesis and epidemiology of relapsing fever
3. 成人における赤血球輸血の適応とヘモグロビン閾値 indications and hemoglobin thresholds for red blood cell transfusion in the adult
4. 鎌状赤血球症における赤血球輸血 red blood cell transfusion in sickle cell disease
5. 供血者スクリーニング：病歴 blood donor screening medical history

English Journal

Potential exposure of medical students to blood borne viruses on medical elective and the use of HIV post exposure prophylaxis.

Hunter J, Sulkin T.SourcePeninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, Knowledge Spa, Royal Cornwall Hospital, Truro, Cornwall TR1 3HD, UK.
The Journal of infection.J Infect.2012 Aug;65(2):185-7. Epub 2012 Mar 23.
PMID 22446494

The vascular smooth muscle cell in arterial pathology: a cell that can take on multiple roles.

Lacolley P, Regnault V, Nicoletti A, Li Z, Michel JB.SourceResearch Unit 961, Inserm, Medical School, Lorraine University, Nancy, France.
Cardiovascular research.Cardiovasc Res.2012 Jul 15;95(2):194-204. Epub 2012 Mar 31.
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are the stromal cells of the vascular wall, continually exposed to mechanical signals and biochemical components generated in the blood compartment. They are involved in all the physiological functions and the pathological changes taking place in the vascular wal
PMID 22467316