WordNet

of critical importance and consequence; "an acute (or critical) lack of research funds"
having or demonstrating ability to recognize or draw fine distinctions; "an acute observer of politics and politicians"; "incisive comments"; "icy knifelike reasoning"; "as sharp and incisive as the stroke of a fang"; "penetrating insight"; "frequent penetrative observations" (同)discriminating, incisive, keen, knifelike, penetrating, penetrative, piercing, sharp
extremely sharp or intense; "acute pain"; "felt acute annoyance"; "intense itching and burning" (同)intense
having or experiencing a rapid onset and short but severe course; "acute appendicitis"; "the acute phase of the illness"; "acute patients"
of an angle; less than 90 degrees
the physical condition of blocking or filling a passage with an obstruction (同)blockage
any structure that makes progress difficult (同)obstructor, obstructer, impediment, impedimenta
getting in someones way
the act of obstructing; "obstruction of justice"

PrepTutorEJDIC

(先の)『鋭い』,とがった / (痛み・感情などが)『激しい』,強い / (知力・感覚などが)『鋭い』,鋭敏な / (事態が)重大な / (病気が)急性の / (音が)高い,鋭い / 鋭角の
〈U〉(…への)妨害,障害《+『to』+『名』》 / 〈C〉(…への)妨害物,障害物《+『to』+『名』》
〈C〉航空路 / 〈C〉(鉱山などの)通風路 / 《複数形》航空会社

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/03/25 10:32:06」(JST)

wiki en

Airway obstruction is a blockage of respiration in the airway. It can be broadly classified into being either in the upper airway or lower airway.

Upper airway obstruction

Causes of upper airway obstruction, foreign body aspiration, blunt laryngotracheal trauma, penetrating laryngotracheal trauma, tonsillar hypertrophy, paralysis of the vocal cord or vocal fold, acute laryngotracheitis such as viral croup, bacterial tracheitis, epiglottitis, peritonsillar abscess, pertussis, retropharyngeal abscess, spasmodic croup.^[1] In basic and advanced life support airway obstructions are often referred to as A-problems. Management of airways relies on both minimal-invasive and invasive techniques.

Lower airway obstruction

Lower airway obstruction is mainly caused by increased resistance in the bronchioles (usually from a decreased radius of the bronchioles) that reduces the amount of air inhaled in each breath and the oxygen that reaches the pulmonary arteries. It is different from airway restriction (which prevents air from diffusing into the pulmonary arteries because of some kind of blockage in the lungs). Diseases that cause lower airway obstruction are termed obstructive lung diseases.

Lower airway obstruction can be measured using spirometry. A decreased FEV1/FVC ratio (versus the normal of about 80%) is indicative of an airway obstruction, as the normal amount of air can no longer be exhaled in the first second of expiration. An airway restriction would not produce a reduced FEV1/FVC ratio, would produce a reduced vital capacity. The ventilation is therefore affected leading to a ventilation perfusion mismatch and hypoxia.

Consequences

Airway obstruction may cause obstructive pneumonitis or post-obstructive pneumonitis.

References

^ Respiratory Emergencies, section Acute Upper Airway Obstruction. From FP Essentials 368. January 2010 by American Academy of Family Physicians.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 小児における急性上気道閉塞の緊急評価 emergency evaluation of acute upper airway obstruction in children
2. Clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, and management of central airway obstruction in adults
3. 小児における急性呼吸窮迫の原因 causes of acute respiratory distress in children
4. Bronchoscopic laser in the management of airway disease in adults
5. Respiratory problems in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU)

English Journal

Postoperative recovery after anesthesia in morbidly obese patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Liu FL1, Cherng YG, Chen SY, Su YH, Huang SY, Lo PH, Lee YY, Tam KW.
Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie.Can J Anaesth.2015 Aug;62(8):907-917. Epub 2015 May 22.
PURPOSE: Obese patients present a challenge to safe general anesthesia because of impaired cardiopulmonary physiology and increased risks of aspiration and acute upper airway obstruction. Since studies are lacking regarding the postoperative effects on recovery from general anesthesia in morbidly ob
PMID 26001751

Upper Airway Obstruction in Children.

Mandal A1, Kabra SK, Lodha R.
Indian journal of pediatrics.Indian J Pediatr.2015 Aug;82(8):737-44. doi: 10.1007/s12098-015-1811-6. Epub 2015 Jun 25.
Children with upper airway obstruction are both unique and variable in their presentation and management, often posing a challenge to the pediatrician. Several anatomical and physiologic peculiarities make a child vulnerable to develop an obstruction of upper airways. The characteristic finding in u
PMID 26104110

[Dyspnea in airway and pulmonary diseases].

Niedermeyer J1.
Der Internist.Internist (Berl).2015 Aug;56(8):882-9. doi: 10.1007/s00108-015-3692-1.
The subjective perception of pulmonary dyspnea varies based on behavioral and physiological responses. Acute pulmonary dyspnea is the most common symptom of diseases of the airways and the lungs and the differential diagnosis includes harmless causes, such as lack of training as well as acute life-t
PMID 26129864