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the 9th letter of the Roman alphabet (同)i

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iodineの化学記号
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/09/07 20:50:38」(JST)

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1. IL-1、IL-6、およびRANKLを抑制する生物学的製剤の関節リウマチにおけるランダム化臨床試験 randomized clinical trials in rheumatoid arthritis of biologic agents that inhibit il 1 il 6 and rankl
2. 成人の腎移植における免疫抑制誘導療法 induction immunosuppressive therapy in renal transplantation in adults
3. 小児に対する腎移植における免疫抑制 immunosuppression in renal transplantation in children
4. ヒトヘルペスウイルス8感染のウイルス学、疫学、および伝播 virology epidemiology and transmission of human herpesvirus 8 infection
5. 特発性肺線維症の病因 pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

English Journal

Maximum-likelihood approaches reveal signatures of positive selection in IL genes in mammals.

Neves F, Abrantes J, Steinke JW, Esteves PJ.Author information 1CIBIO/UP - Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.AbstractILs are part of the immune system and are involved in multiple biological activities. ILs have been shown to evolve under positive selection; however, little information exists regarding which codons are specifically selected. By using different codon-based maximum-likelihood (ML) approaches, signatures of positive selection in mammalian ILs were searched for. Sequences of 46 ILs were retrieved from publicly available databases of mammalian genomes to detect signatures of positive selection in individual codons. Evolutionary analyses were conducted under two ML frameworks, the HyPhy package implemented in the Data Monkey Web Server and CODEML implemented in PAML. Signatures of positive selection were found in 28 ILs: IL-1A and B; IL-2, IL-4 to IL-10, IL-12A and B; IL-14 to IL-17A and C; IL-18, IL-20 to IL-22, IL-25, IL-26, IL-27B, IL-31, IL-34, IL-36A; and G. Codons under positive selection varied between 1 and 15. No evidence of positive selection was detected in IL-13; IL-17B and F; IL-19, IL-23, IL-24, IL-27A; or IL-29. Most mammalian ILs have sites evolving under positive selection, which may be explained by the multitude of biological processes in which ILs are enrolled. The results obtained raise hypotheses concerning the ILs functions, which should be pursued by using mutagenesis and crystallographic approaches.
Innate immunity.Innate Immun.2014;20(2):184-91. doi: 10.1177/1753425913486687. Epub 2013 Jun 17.
ILs are part of the immune system and are involved in multiple biological activities. ILs have been shown to evolve under positive selection; however, little information exists regarding which codons are specifically selected. By using different codon-based maximum-likelihood (ML) approaches, signat
PMID 23775092

Effects of hepatitis B virus X protein on human T cell cytokines.

Lou X, Hou Y, Liang D.Author information Department of Central Laboratory, Songjiang Hospital Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201600, People's Republic of China.AbstractChronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) plays a significant role in hepatocellular carcinoma development. To investigate the effect of hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) on inflammatory cytokines of human T cell, a eukaryotic expression vector, HBx-pEGFP-C1, was constructed and transfected into the Jurkat human T-cell line. Jurkat cells were transfected transiently using Lipofectamine 2000 and activated by phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, and IL-14 mRNA was measured. The results showed that the vector HBx-pEGFP-C1 was successfully constructed, and HBx was expressed in Jurkat cells. Compared with a control group, mRNA of IL-1β and TNF-α was significantly elevated in the HBx-pEGFP-C1 group (p < 0.05), while IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, and IL-14 mRNA was decreased (p < 0.05). Therefore, transient overexpression of HBx promoted PHA-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and repressed anti-inflammatory cytokine secretion in human T cells.
Canadian journal of microbiology.Can J Microbiol.2013 Sep;59(9):620-6. doi: 10.1139/cjm-2013-0259. Epub 2013 Jul 12.
Chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) plays a significant role in hepatocellular carcinoma development. To investigate the effect of hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) on inflammatory cytokines of human T cell, a eukaryotic expression vector, HBx-pEGFP-C1, was constructed and transfected int
PMID 24011345

A reinterpretation of the pathogenesis and cure of cancer according to the psychoneuroimmunological discoveries.

Lissoni P.Author information Institute of Biological Medicine, Milan, Italy. p.lissoni@hsgerardo.orgAbstractThe recent discoveries in the oncological researches have demonstrated that the prognosis of the neoplastic diseases depends on not only the biological characteristics of tumors, including oncogene expression and growth factor receptor activity, but also on the immune status of cancer patients. This is because the well-documented importance of the anticancer immunity in the initiation of the tumor that is mainly modulated by lymphocytes. In addition, the knowledge on the interactions between the immune and neuroendocrine systems has demonstrated that the immune responses are physiologically under a psychoneuroendocrine control. In particular, it has been confirmed that the activation of the brain opioid tone may suppress the generation of an effective anticancer immunity, whereas it is stimulated by other neuroendocrine structure, namely the pineal gland, through the release of at least two indole hormones with anticancer activity, melatonin and 5-methoxytryptamine, exerting both antiproliferative and immunostimulatory effects. By investigating the immune and neuroendocrine functions in cancer patients, it has been observed that cancer progression is associated with a progressive decline in the pineal function, which would constitute the main cancer-related endocrine deficiency, and the occurrence of the irreversible immune alterations. The most prognostically important factors would consist of a diminished endogenous production of anticancer cytokines, such as IL-2 and IL-12, as well as an abnormally enhanced secretion of cytokines provided by suppressive effect on the anticancer immunity, namely IL-14, TGF-beta, and IL-6. The psychoneuroimmunotherapeutic approach in the treatment of cancer would simply consist of the corrections of the various endocrine and immune cancer-related alterations in an attempt to re-establish the neuroimmune condition of the health status.
Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.).Methods Mol Biol.2012;934:183-92. doi: 10.1007/978-1-62703-071-7_10.
The recent discoveries in the oncological researches have demonstrated that the prognosis of the neoplastic diseases depends on not only the biological characteristics of tumors, including oncogene expression and growth factor receptor activity, but also on the immune status of cancer patients. This
PMID 22933147

Japanese Journal

IL-14 Genetic alterations of human renal cell carcinomas

Zbar Berton
日本泌尿器科學會雜誌 95(2), 279, 2004-03-15
NAID 110003072940

ピランデルロのクローチェ批評 : 『ダンテの詩』をめぐって

谷口勇
イタリア学会誌 (16), 8-22, 1968-01-20
イタリアが生んだ今世紀最大の劇作家ルイージ・ピランデルロ(Luigi Pirandello, 1867〜1936)は、批評家としても活躍した。一九〇八年、彼はL'umorismo, Aute e scienzaなる二つの論文を発表したが、これがクローチェ(Benedetto Croce, 1866〜1952)との論戦の火蓋を切ることになった。即ち Arte e scienzaに於て、ピランデルロは …
NAID 110002959038