関: AIDS nephropathy、AIDS-associated nephropathy、human immunodeficiency virus-associated nephropathy

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having partial rights and privileges or subordinate status; "an associate member"; "an associate professor"
a person who joins with others in some activity or endeavor; "he had to consult his associate before continuing"
a person with subordinate membership in a society, institution, or commercial enterprise; "associates in the law firm bill at a lower rate than do partners"
any event that usually accompanies or is closely connected with another; "first was the lightning and then its thunderous associate"
make a logical or causal connection; "I cannot connect these two pieces of evidence in my mind"; "colligate these facts"; "I cannot relate these events at all" (同)tie_in, relate, link, colligate, link up, connect
the 8th letter of the Roman alphabet (同)h
infection by the human immunodeficiency virus

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〈人〉'を'(…の)『仲間に加える』,(…に)連合させる《+『名』〈人〉+『with』+『名』》 / (…と)…'を'結びつけて考える(起こす)《+『名』+『with』+『名』》 / (…と)『仲間になる』,交際する《+『with』+『名』》 / (…と)合体する,提携する《+『with』+『名』》 / 『仲間』,『同僚』;組合員 / 準会員 / 付属物;連想されるもの / 連合した;仲間の,同僚の / 補助の,準…
hydrogenの化学記号
鉛筆の硬度 / 《俗》heroin
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/07/07 20:26:48」(JST)

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HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) refers to kidney disease developing in association with HIV infection. The most common, or "classical", type of HIV-associated nephropathy is a collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), though other forms of kidney disease may also occur with HIV.^[1] Regardless of the underlying histology, renal disease in HIV-positive patients is associated with an increased risk of death.^[2]

HIVAN may be caused by direct infection of the renal cells with the HIV-1 virus, with resulting renal damage through the viral gene products. It could also be caused by changes in the release of cytokines during HIV infection. Usually occurs only in advanced disease and approximately 80% of patients with HIVAN have a CD4 count of less than 200. HIVAN presents with nephrotic syndrome and progressive kidney failure. Despite being a cause of chronic kidney failure, kidney sizes are usually normal or large.

Incidence

Much more common in Black and African American patients with HIV. In the USA 12% of patients dying with AIDS have histologically proven HIVAN, the worldwide incidence amongst AIDS patients appears to be similar. A South African study at Tygerberg Hospital, Stellenbosch University, has shown HIVAN histology in 33/61(54%) biopsies performed in HIV positive patients.

Among black adults in the USA it is the third most common cause of ESRF.

Pathology

Involves all components of the nephron. Typical findings are that of collapsing FSGS (Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis)and microcystic tubular dilatation.

The characteristic feature of collapsing glomerulopathy is collapse of glomerular tuft and proliferation and hyperplasia of glomerular visceral epithelial cells. Its prognosis is always poor.

Treatment

There is as yet inadeqaute data from randomised controlled trials.

Treatment with HAART and ACE inhibitors/Angiotensin receptor blockers has been shown to be beneficial and should be given to all patients unless otherwise contra-indicated. General renoprotective measures and the treatment of the complications of nephrotic syndrome and kidney failure are adjunctive.

Corticosteroid treatment can be useful in patients who do not respond to the above treatment. There is some evidence that cyclosporine might be helpful in selective cases, however further trials are required on both steroids and cyclosporine before these drugs can become standardised treatment if at all.

References

^ Kimmel PL, Barisoni L, Kopp JB (August 2003). "Pathogenesis and treatment of HIV-associated renal diseases: lessons from clinical and animal studies, molecular pathologic correlations, and genetic investigations". Annals of internal medicine 139 (3): 214–26. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-139-3-200308050-00019. PMID 12899589.
^ Szczech LA, Hoover DR, Feldman JG et al. (October 2004). "Association between renal disease and outcomes among HIV-infected women receiving or not receiving antiretroviral therapy". Clinical Infectious Diseases 39 (8): 1199–206. doi:10.1086/424013. PMID 15486845.

UpToDate Contents

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1. HIV関連腎症（HIVAN） hiv associated nephropathy hivan
2. HIV陽性患者における腎臓病の概要 overview of kidney disease in hiv positive patients
3. ヒト免疫不全ウイルスと透析 human immunodeficiency virus and dialysis
4. 巣状分節性糸球体硬化症の疫学、分類、および病因 epidemiology classification and pathogenesis of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
5. HIV感染患者における抗レトロウイルス療法の開始時期 when to initiate antiretroviral therapy in hiv infected patients

English Journal

Sequencing rare and common APOL1 coding variants to determine kidney disease risk.

Limou S1, Nelson GW2, Lecordier L3, An P1, O'hUigin CS4, David VA5, Binns-Roemer EA1, Guiblet WM6, Oleksyk TK6, Pays E3, Kopp JB7, Winkler CA1.
Kidney international.Kidney Int.2015 Oct;88(4):754-63. doi: 10.1038/ki.2015.151. Epub 2015 May 20.
A third of African Americans with sporadic focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) or HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) do not carry APOL1 renal risk genotypes. This raises the possibility that other APOL1 variants may contribute to kidney disease. To address this question, we sequenced all APOL1
PMID 25993319

Tubular cell phenotype in HIV-associated nephropathy: role of phospholipid lysophosphatidic acid.

Ayasolla KR1, Rai P1, Rahimipour S2, Hussain M3, Malhotra A1, Singhal PC4.
Experimental and molecular pathology.Exp Mol Pathol.2015 Aug;99(1):109-15. doi: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2015.06.004. Epub 2015 Jun 14.
Collapsing glomerulopathy and microcysts are characteristic histological features of HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN). We have previously reported the role of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) in the development of glomerular and tubular cell phenotypes in HIVAN. Since persistent tubular cel
PMID 26079546

The association of RBBP6 variant 3 expressions with apoptosis in human immunodeficiency virus-associated nephropathy (HIVAN).

Mbita Z1, Naicker S2, Goetsch S2, Dlamini Z3.
Experimental and molecular pathology.Exp Mol Pathol.2015 Aug;99(1):74-80. doi: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2015.04.005. Epub 2015 Apr 21.
South Africa has one of the highest HIV infection rates in the world. One of the complications of HIV infection is the development of HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN), which is characterized by deregulation in tubular epithelial apoptosis. The pathways that HIV-1 promotes in the pathogenesis of HI
PMID 25910411

Japanese Journal

HIV関連腎症によりネフローゼ症候群と急速な腎機能低下をきたした1例

木村友則,安田圭子,小尾佳嗣 [他],佐藤壽浩,難波倫子,佐々木公一,村本記子,和田晃,楽木宏美,猪阪善隆,林晃正
The Japanese journal of nephrology 54(2), 94-98, 2012-03-25
NAID 10030563703

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 関連腎障害

田川美穂
日本内科学会雑誌 100(5), 1319-1323, 2011-05-10
NAID 10029097223

4．human immunodeficiency virus（HIV）関連腎障害

田川美穂
日本内科学会雑誌 100(5), 1319-1323, 2011
… HIV感染の治療の進歩に伴い，予後が劇的に改善すると共に，免疫不全以外のHIVの合併症が臨床的に問題になりつつある．中でも腎障害は重要なものである．ここではHIV感染患者に特有の腎障害としてHIV associated nephropathyとHIV-immune-complex kidney disease，HIV治療薬による腎障害を取り上 …
NAID 130003371431

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リンク元	「AIDS-associated nephropathy」「AIDS nephropathy」「HIV関連腎症」「human immunodeficiency virus-associated nephropathy」
関連記事	「associate」「associated」「HIV」「H」「HI」