WordNet

(microscopy) a dye or other coloring material that is used in microscopy to make structures visible
color for microscopic study; "The laboratory worker dyed the specimen"
color with a liquid dye or tint; "Stain this table a beautiful walnut color"; "people knew how to stain glass a beautiful blue in the middle ages"
produce or leave stains; "Red wine stains the table cloth"
a soiled or discolored appearance; "the wine left a dark stain" (同)discoloration, discolouration
marked or dyed or discolored with foreign matter; "a badly stained tablecloth"; "tear-stained cheeks"
having a coating of stain or varnish (同)varnished
the act of spotting or staining something (同)spotting, maculation
(histology) the use of a dye to color specimens for microscopic study

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/10/03 22:15:55」(JST)

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Giemsa stained Trypanosoma parasites (Chagas disease pathogen)

Whirling disease section stained with Giemsa

Giemsa stain, named after Gustav Giemsa, an early German microbiologist, is used in cytogenetics and for the histopathological diagnosis of malaria and other parasites.^[1]

Uses[edit]

It is specific for the phosphate groups of DNA and attaches itself to regions of DNA where there are high amounts of adenine-thymine bonding. Giemsa stain is used in Giemsa banding, commonly called G-banding, to stain chromosomes and often used to create an idiogram. It can identify chromosomal aberrations such as translocations and rearrangements.

Giemsa stain is also a differential stain. It can be used to study the adherence of pathogenic bacteria to human cells. It differentially stains human and bacterial cells purple and pink respectively. It can be used for histopathological diagnosis of malaria^[2] and some other spirochete and protozoan blood parasites. It is also used in Wolbach's tissue stain.

Giemsa stain is a classic blood film stain for peripheral blood smears and bone marrow specimens. Erythrocytes stain pink, platelets show a light pale pink, lymphocyte cytoplasm stains sky blue, monocyte cytoplasm stains pale blue, and leukocyte nuclear chromatin stains magenta.

Giemsa stain is also used to visualize chromosomes.

Giemsa stains the fungus histoplasma, chlamydia bacteria, and can be used to identify Mast cells.^[3]

Generation[edit]

Giemsa's solution is a mixture of methylene blue, eosin, and Azure B. The stain is usually prepared from commercially available Giemsa powder.

A thin film of the specimen on a microscope slide is fixed in pure methanol for 30 seconds, by immersing it or by putting a few drops of methanol on the slide. The slide is immersed in a freshly prepared 5% Giemsa stain solution for 20–30 minutes (in emergencies 5–10 minutes in 10% solution can be used), then flushed with tap water and left to dry.^[4]

References[edit]

^ Giemsa G (1904 Eine Vereinfachung und Vervollkommnung meiner Methylenblau-Eosin-Färbemethode zur Erzielung der Romanowsky-Nocht’schen Chromatinfärbung. Centralblatt für Bakteriologie I Abteilung 32, 307–313.
^ Shapiro HM, Mandy F (September 2007). "Cytometry in malaria: moving beyond Giemsa". Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology 71 (9): 643–5. doi:10.1002/cyto.a.20453. PMID 17712779.
^ Damsgaard TE, Olesen AB, Sørensen FB, Thestrup-Pedersen K, Schiøtz PO (April 1997). "Mast cells and atopic dermatitis. Stereological quantification of mast cells in atopic dermatitis and normal human skin". Arch. Dermatol. Res. 289 (5): 256–60. doi:10.1007/s004030050189. PMID 9164634.
^ "4.2.2.2".

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English Journal

Prospective randomized controlled study comparing cell block method and conventional smear method for pancreatic juice cytology.

Noda Y, Fujita N, Kobayashi G, Ito K, Horaguchi J, Obana T, Koshita S, Kanno Y, Yamashita Y, Kato Y, Ogawa T, Tsuchiya T, Oikawa M, Sawai T, Kanno H, Kurose A.SourceDepartments of Gastroenterology Surgery, Sendai City Medical Center, Sendai First Department of Pathology, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan.
Digestive endoscopy : official journal of the Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society.Dig Endosc.2012 May;24(3):168-74. doi: 10.1111/j.1443-1661.2011.01180.x. Epub 2011 Jul 13.
Aim: To elucidate the diagnostic efficacy of the cell block (CB) method by comparing it with that of conventional smear cytology for pancreatic juice obtained by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in a randomized controlled trial fashion. Methods: A total of 170 patients wit
PMID 22507091

Japanese Journal

Rapid-Air-Dry Papanicolaou Stain in Canine and Feline Tumor Cytology: A Quantitative Comparison with the Giemsa Stain

SAWA Mariko,YABUKI Akira,MIYOSHI Noriaki [他],ARAI Kou,YAMATO Osamu
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 74(9), 1133-1138, 2012
… The Papanicolaou stain is a gold-standard staining method for tumor diagnosis in human cytology. … Currently, a rapid Papanicolaou stain using air-dried smears is utilized in human cytology, but usefulness of this rapid-air-dry Papanicolaou (RAD-Pap) stain in the veterinary field has not been fully evaluated. … The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of the RAD-Pap stain by using quantitative analysis. …
NAID 130001879750

Fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH)の末梢血塗抹標本への応用

生田幹博,大神明子,高松泰 [他],阿南建一,三浦偉久男,加藤純子,石田寛美,二田優子,川島博信,松永彰,Ikuta Mikihiro,Ogami Akiko,Takamatsu Yasushi,Anami Ken'ichi,Miura Ikuo,Kato Junko,Ishida Hiromi,Futata Yuko,Kawashima Hironobu,Matsunaga Akira,イクタミキヒロ,オガミアキコ,タカマツヤスシ,アナミケンイチ,ミウライクオ,カトウジュンコ,イシダヒロミ,フタタユウコ,カワシマヒロノブ,マツナガアキラ
福岡医学雑誌 102(11), 318-324, 2011-11-25
… Whether peripheral-blood preparations after May-Grunwald Giemsa staining could be used for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). …
NAID 40019177299