azure stain

アズール色素

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Giemsa stain

WordNet

1. (microscopy) a dye or other coloring material that is used in microscopy to make structures visible
2. color for microscopic study; "The laboratory worker dyed the specimen"
3. color with a liquid dye or tint; "Stain this table a beautiful walnut color"; "people knew how to stain glass a beautiful blue in the middle ages"
4. produce or leave stains; "Red wine stains the table cloth"
5. a soiled or discolored appearance; "the wine left a dark stain" (同)discoloration, discolouration
6. color azure; "Morning azured the village"
7. a light shade of blue (同)cerulean, sapphire, lazuline, sky-blue
8. of a deep somewhat purplish blue color similar to that of a clear October sky; "Octobers bright blue weather" (同)cerulean, sky-blue, bright blue
9. marked or dyed or discolored with foreign matter; "a badly stained tablecloth"; "tear-stained cheeks"
10. having a coating of stain or varnish (同)varnished
11. the act of spotting or staining something (同)spotting, maculation
12. (histology) the use of a dye to color specimens for microscopic study

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. (…で)…‘を'『汚す』,‘に'しみをつける《+『名』+『with』+『名』》 / 〈ガラス・木材・布など〉‘に'『着色する』 / (…で)〈人格・名声など〉‘を'汚す,‘に'傷をつける《+『名』+『with』+『名』》 / 汚れる,しみがつく / 〈C〉〈U〉(…についた)『しみ』,汚れ《+『on』+『名』》 / 〈U〉〈C〉着色剤,染料 / 〈C〉(人格・名声などに対する)汚点,傷《+『on』(『upon』)+『名』》
2. 空色の;青空の(sky-blue) / 空色;《詩》青空,天空(sky)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/07/06 18:08:54」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

Romanowsky staining is a prototypical staining technique that was the forerunner of several distinct but similar methods, including Giemsa, Jenner, Wright, Field, and Leishman stains, which are used to differentiate cells in pathologic specimens. It was named after the Russian physician Dmitri Leonidovich Romanowsky (1861–1921), who invented it in 1891.

Microscopic examination of stained blood films

Giemsa-stained thin blood film showing Plasmodium falciparum infections

Paul Ehrlich had used mixtures of acidic and basic dyes for this purpose in 1879: e.g. fuchsine (acid dye) and methylene blue (basic dye). In 1891, Romanowsky developed techniques using a mixture of eosin Y and modified methylene blue that produced a surprising hue unattributable to either staining component: a beautiful, distinctive shade of purple. Requirement for the occurrence of the Romanowsky-Giemsa effect are:

1. A cationic dye: The best dye is azure B and, though azure A gives the nuclear purple colour, the cytoplasmic blue is inferior. No other cationic dye such as methylene blue is suitable.
2. An anionic dye: Most commonly eosin Y is used.

Because the aqueous dye solutions were unstable, methanol was introduced as a solvent, and William Boog Leishman and James Homer Wright advocated its use as a fixative prior to staining. Gustav Giemsa improved this technique by standardizing the dye solutions and adding glycerol to increase stability.

The demethylation of methylene blue in aqueous solution using heat and alkali produces a mixture of azure A, azure B, methylene violet, and methylene blue. Eosin Y is then added to produce a "neutral" dye. The precipitate is then dissolved in a mixture of methanol and glycerol to form a stock solution; this is diluted with water or an aqueous buffer to form a 'working' solution that is used in the staining of pathology specimens. The 'working' solution is stable for 3 hours.

Immunochromatographic capture procedures (rapid diagnostic tests such as the malaria antigen detection tests) are nonmicroscopic diagnostic options for the laboratory that may not have appropriate microscopy expertise available.

See also

• Malaria antigen detection tests
• Staining (biology)

References

Further reading

External links

• Diagnosis and Treatment of Malaria CDC website on malaria diagnosis and treatment
• Field stain Staining methods for the identification of malaria parasites
• Laboratory Diagnosis of Malaria This Royal Perth Hospital (Australia) website provides an excellent overview of malaria diagnostics
• UK malaria advisory, diagnostic and reference service for malaria The Malaria Reference Laboratory of the Public Health Laboratory Service in the UK
• Chenzinsky and Romanowsky(Russian)(English) On the 120th Anniversary of the Discovery of the Romanowsky Effect

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

• A triple approach for diagnostic assessment of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration in pancreatic solid masses and lymph nodes.

• Lee YN1, Moon JH, Kim HK, Choi HJ, Lee SH, Choi MH, Kim DC, Lee TH, Cha SW, Cho YD, Park SH.
• Digestive diseases and sciences.Dig Dis Sci.2014 Sep;59(9):2286-93. doi: 10.1007/s10620-014-3119-1. Epub 2014 Apr 16.
• BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) has been becoming the standard tool for acquiring pancreatic lesion tissue. However, a single cytologic or histologic evaluation is not satisfactory for diagnosis. In this study, we evaluated the diagnostic yield of
• PMID 24737383

• Fresh and aged human lymphocyte metaphase slides are equally usable for GTG banding.

• Sajjad N1, Haque S2, SBurney SI3, Shahid SM4, Zehra S4, Azhar A4.
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• PMID 25176363

• Sea-blue histiocytes in the bone marrow of a boy with severe congenital neutropenia associated with G6PC3 mutation.

• Tavil B1, Cetin M, Gumruk F.
• British journal of haematology.Br J Haematol.2014 May;165(4):426. doi: 10.1111/bjh.12740. Epub 2014 Jan 21.
• PMID 24446813

Japanese Journal

• Histochemical observations on the sporogenous tissue and tapetum in the anther of Euphorbia.

• CYTOLOGIA 50(1), 39-48, 1985
• NAID 130003779857

• Light and Electron Microscopic Studies on Tissue Mast Cells in the Tongue

• Okajimas Folia Anatomica Japonica 57(2-3), 129-143, 1980
• NAID 130004650063

• Lower azure B methylene blue ratios in Giemsa type blood and malaria stains

• Stain
• NAID 30031279315

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「アズール色素」
関連記事	「stain」

「アズール色素」

　　[★]

英

azure stain

関

ギムザ染色

「stain」

　　[★]

• n.

• 染色

• v.

• 染色する

関

coloring agent、dye、staining、tissue stain