出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2018/01/11 12:17:44」(JST)
Madagascar rosy periwinkle | |
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Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Asterids |
Order: | Gentianales |
Family: | Apocynaceae |
Genus: | Catharanthus |
Species: | C. roseus |
Binomial name | |
Catharanthus roseus (L.) G.Don, 1837 |
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Synonyms | |
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Catharanthus roseus. |
Catharanthus roseus, commonly known as the Madagascar periwinkle, rose periwinkle, or rosy periwinkle, is a species of flowering plant in the dogbane family Apocynaceae. It is native and endemic to Madagascar, but grown elsewhere as an ornamental and medicinal plant, a source of the drugs vincristine and vinblastine, used to treat cancer. Other English names include Vinca, Cape periwinkle, rose periwinkle, rosy periwinkle, and "old-maid".[1][2] It was formerly included in the genus Vinca as Vinca rosea.
Two varieties are recognized
It is an evergreen subshrub or herbaceous plant growing 1 m tall. The leaves are oval to oblong, 2.5–9 cm long and 1–3.5 cm broad, glossy green, hairless, with a pale midrib and a short petiole 1–1.8 cm long; they are arranged in opposite pairs. The flowers are white to dark pink with a darker red centre, with a basal tube 2.5–3 cm long and a corolla 2–5 cm diameter with five petal-like lobes. The fruit is a pair of follicles 2–4 cm long and 3 mm broad.[10][11][12][13]
In the wild, it is an endangered plant; the main cause of decline is habitat destruction by slash and burn agriculture.[14] It is also however widely cultivated and is naturalised in subtropical and tropical areas of the world.[10] It is so well adapted to growth in Australia, that it is listed as a noxious weed in Western Australia and the Australian Capital Territory,[15] and also in parts of eastern Queensland.[16]
The species has long been cultivated for herbal medicine and as an ornamental plant. In Ayurveda (Indian traditional medicine) the extracts of its roots and shoots, though poisonous, are used against several diseases. In traditional Chinese medicine, extracts from it have been used against numerous diseases, including diabetes, malaria, and Hodgkin's lymphoma.[11] Many of the vinca alkaloids were first isolated from Catharanthus roseus,[17] including vinblastine and vincristine used in the treatment of leukemia[14] and Hodgkin's lymphoma.[11]
This conflict between historical indigenous use, and recent patents on C.roseus-derived drugs by western pharmaceutical companies, without compensation, has led to accusations of biopiracy.[18]
C. roseus can be extremely toxic if consumed orally by humans, and is cited (under its synonym Vinca rosea) in the Louisiana State Act 159.
As an ornamental plant, it is appreciated for its hardiness in dry and nutritionally deficient conditions, popular in subtropical gardens where temperatures never fall below 5 °C to 7 °C, and as a warm-season bedding plant in temperate gardens. It is noted for its long flowering period, throughout the year in tropical conditions, and from spring to late autumn, in warm temperate climates. Full sun and well-drained soil are preferred. Numerous cultivars have been selected, for variation in flower colour (white, mauve, peach, scarlet and reddish-orange), and also for tolerance of cooler growing conditions in temperate regions. Notable cultivars include 'Albus' (white flowers), 'Grape Cooler' (rose-pink; cool-tolerant), the Ocellatus Group (various colours), and 'Peppermint Cooler' (white with a red centre; cool-tolerant).[10]
C. roseus is used in plant pathology as an experimental host for phytoplasmas.[19] This is because it is easy to infect with a large majority of phytoplasmas, and also often has very distinctive symptoms such as phyllody and significantly reduced leaf size.[20]
Vinblastine and vincristine, chemotherapy medications used to treat several types of cancers, are found in the plant[21][22][23][24] and are biosynthesised from the coupling of the alkaloids catharanthine and vindoline.[25] The newer semi-synthetic chemotherapeutic agent vinorelbine, used in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer,[23][26] can be prepared either from vindoline and catharanthine[23][27] or from the vinca alkaloid leurosine,[28] in both cases via anhydrovinblastine.[27]
Rosinidin is an anthocyanidin pigment found in the flowers of C. roseus.[29]
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C. roseus is known as boa-noite ("good night") and maria-sem-vergonha ("shameless maria", name shared with Impatiens and Thunbergia alata) in Portuguese (American), vinca-de-madagáscar, vinca-de-gato ("cats' vinca"), vinca-branca (white vinca), vinca or boa-noite in Portuguese (European), vinca del Cabo, vinca rosa ("pink vinca") or vinca rosada ("roseous vinca") in Spanish, putica ("little whore") in Venezuela, teresita in the southern part of Mexico, specifically in Champotón, Campeche and Mérida,[30] "İzmir Güzeli" in Turkish (meaning Smyrna beauty) indicating the city that has the best climate conditions for it to flourish in Turkey, and "Dhafnaki" [in Greek Language Δαφνάκι] (meaning little Daphne) in Greece and Cyprus. It is also called Nithya Kalyani (நித்ய கல்யாணி) and Sudukaatu Mallikai in Tamil Nadu. It is called Nayantara (নযনতারা) ("eyeball") in Bengali.
Catharanthus roseus in Kerala
Vinca From a garden at Cox's Bazar Bangladesh
Flower bud in West Bengal, India.
Garden Plant in India & Pakistan
Common garden plant in India & Pakistan
Catharanthus roseus in Pakistan
Grown in Malaysia
Flower plant raised in India Temples
Fruits and seeds
White rosy periwinkle
Pacifica Burgundy Halo – Madagascar Periwinkle
Red cultivar of Madagascar Periwinkle
Potted Plant in New Delhi
Catharanthus roseus
Catharanthus roseus
Catharanthus roseus
Whole plant
Taxon identifiers |
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リンク元 | 「ニチニチソウ」「periwinkle」 |
関連記事 | 「rose」「Catharanthus」 |
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