Blumberg

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/12/19 18:39:55」(JST)

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This article is about German town. For people with the surname Blumberg, see Blumberg (surname).

Blumberg
View over Achdorf
Coat of arms
Blumberg
Location of Blumberg within Schwarzwald-Baar-Kreis district
Coordinates: 47°50′21″N 08°32′03″E
Country	Germany
State	Baden-Württemberg
Admin. region	Freiburg
District	Schwarzwald-Baar-Kreis
Government
• Mayor	Markus Keller
Area
• Total	98.68 km2 (38.10 sq mi)
Population (2015-12-31)
• Total	9,975
• Density	100/km2 (260/sq mi)
Time zone	CET/CEST (UTC+1/+2)
Postal codes	78176
Dialling codes	07702, 07736
Vehicle registration	VS
Website	www.stadt-blumberg.de

Blumberg is a municipality situated in the Schwarzwald-Baar region of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Nineteen kilometers south of Donaueschingen, it lies between the southern edge of the Schwarzwald, the Black Forest, the border with Switzerland’s Canton of Schaffhausen, and Lake Constance.

History

The town of Blumberg is in the region where the ancient source for the Danube is situated, the former glacial valley between Eichberg and Buchberg, and its official origins date from the 13th Century with the Masters of Blumberg first mentioned in 1260.

However one of the oldest settlements, the Steppacher Hof, was already documented in the 12th century, and the town itself is believed to have originated long before that time as archaeological finds have shown the area was inhabited during the Stone Age.

The Wutach is a 90 km long tributary of the River Rhine that changes name twice as it passes through the southern Black Forest, and Blumberg was established in the Wutach valley close to the ancient Wutachschlucht. The spectacular 'Wutach Gorge', now a nature reserve and conservation area known as the Grand-Canyon des Schwarzwaldes.

Built above the town in the Middle Ages Blumberg castle contributed significantly towards the development of the surrounding settlements, and from 1559, while ruled by the princely Fuerstenberg family who from 1283 until 2004 also were owners of a brewery, Blumberg had grown enough in importance to be elevated from Städtle (town) to a 'city'.

During the Thirty Years' War, 1618–1648, the castle was destroyed but after 1648, thanks to its Doggererz iron ore reserves, the town experienced a short lived expansion.

Doggererz mine was reopened and ore extracted once again from 1934 to 1942, the time of the National Socialist German Workers' Party, Nazi Germany. In Nazi Germany itself and throughout German-occupied Europe the use of Forced labour under German rule during World War II was widespread, and Blumberg has a memorial honoring these workers as also in Doggererz AG Zwangsarbeiter were used as miners.

The population in what had been until then a predominantly agricultural town increased dramatically. By 1945 it had risen from the 700 of 1935 to 7,000.

After World War II in 1945 the town and surrounding region were occupied by French forces as part of South Baden, as the previous states of Baden and Württemberg had been divided into US and French occupation zones.

Blumberg expanded during the 1950s as various industrial works became established in the district, and now has around 10.800 inhabitants, while the town is also a thriving tourist area.

Nevertheless, Blumberg has retained a small town sense of community and traditional character, with time honored seasonal festivities, customs, street parties and parades such as those for Swabian–Alemannic Fastnacht, Carnival, continuing to take place.

Small specialized local stores which go back generations still exist, and for a few weeks multi-colored, decorated and filled carnival doughnuts can be found at artisanal bakers, while handmade bread, cake and cookie specialties are freshly baked daily. And from the early hours of the morning master butchers, Metzger, begin producing the region's traditionally seasoned cold cuts, sausages, and terrines as well as fresh meat and Silesian specialties from what is now mainly Poland.

Tourism

Sauschwänzlebahn, The Wutach Valley Railway

Blumberg is set in the center of one of the most scenically beautiful areas of Germany, with everything from castles, nature parks, forests, lakes and mountains, to skiing, sailing, spas and tourist routes. While close by are historic cities filled with culture as well as endless shopping possibilities, and Switzerland is just minutes away.

It is also the starting point for the legendary Sauschwänzlebahn, The Pigtail Line, The Wutach Valley Railway. An old fashioned steam locomotive with original carriages, which is run as a railway museum and travels on elevated tracks across the countryside throughout the summer months.

Geography

Districts

The municipality of Blumberg is made up of the districts of Blumberg Achdorf, Blumberg, Epfenhofen, Fützen, Hondingen, Kommingen, Nordhalden, Riedböhringen and Riedöschingen, and, with the exception of Blumberg itself, each of these has its own district council, which is the custom in Baden-Württemberg.

The village of Achdorf is the only one remaining of the original settlements alongside the river Wutach, which lies within scenic Wutachschlucht, the 30 km long pre-historic Danube Wutachschlucht gorge.

Religion

Even after the Reformation the Blumberg region remained predominantly Roman Catholic, and produced a Cardinal, Curial Cardinal Augustin Bea. Born the son of a carpenter on May 28, 1881 in Riedböhringen near Donaueschingen, he died in Rome on 16. November, 1968. A museum has been created in the house where his birth took place, and this can be visited by appointment.

Today the area has four Roman Catholic parishes which follow the new theology together with two continuing to use the old traditional Catholic theology, as well as a Protestant and a New Apostolic Church.

Associated with Blumberg

Sophie Scholl one of the founders of the White Rose, a non-violent Anti Nazi resistance student group from the University of Munich, lived in Blumberg for six months at the beginning of World War II, while working for the Reichsarbeitsdienst, State Labor Service, as an 'Arbeitsmaiden', a female worker.

In 1940 she helped at a Protestant crèche in Blumberg. This had been set up to care for children of women forcibly recruited to work, in jobs considered important for the war effort, and in her memory the 'Kindergarten Sophie-Scholl' was opened February 28, 1992.

Executed for treason on February 22, 1943 she, and the group to which she belonged, have been the subject of many books and films.

Twinned Cities

• Valdoie, Franche-Comté, northeastern France.
• Kunszentmiklós, Bács-Kiskun County, southern Hungary.

Personalities

• Gustav Häusler (1894-1964), a native of Hohenstaufen, a native of Stühlingen
• Augustin Cardinal Bea (1881-1968), Roman Catholic Cardinal
• Herbert Baumann (1927-1990), sculptor
• Dieter Koulmann (1939-1979), German footballer

References

External links

• Blumberg Tourist Office(English)
• Blumberg: Bilder & Ortsgeschichte (German)

English Journal

• MMWR: CDC Guidance for Evaluating Healthcare Personnel for Hepatitis B Virus Protection and for Administering Postexposure Management.

• Blumberg EA.
• American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons.Am J Transplant.2014 Mar;14(3):729-31. doi: 10.1111/ajt.12688.
• PMID 24589305

• Determinants of laparoscopic donor nephrectomy outcomes.

• Hu JC1, Liu CH2, Treat EG2, Ernest A3, Veale J2, Carter S2, Huang KH2, Blumberg JM2, Schulam PG4, Gritsch HA2.Author information 1Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA. Electronic address: jchu@mednet.ucla.edu.2Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA.3Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, USA.4Department of Urology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.AbstractBACKGROUND: Pure laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (LDN) is a unique intervention because it carries known risks and complications, yet carries no direct benefit to the donor. Therefore, it is critical to continually examine and improve quality of care.
• European urology.Eur Urol.2014 Mar;65(3):659-64. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2013.09.048. Epub 2013 Oct 10.
• BACKGROUND: Pure laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (LDN) is a unique intervention because it carries known risks and complications, yet carries no direct benefit to the donor. Therefore, it is critical to continually examine and improve quality of care.OBJECTIVE: To identify factors affecting LDN outco
• PMID 24139942

• Differentiating patterns of amygdala-frontal functional connectivity in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.

• Liu H1, Tang Y, Womer F, Fan G, Lu T, Driesen N, Ren L, Wang Y, He Y, Blumberg HP, Xu K, Wang F.Author information 1*To whom correspondence should be addressed; Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, PR China; tel: 8624-8328-2999, fax: 8624-8328-2997, e-mail: kexu@vip.sina.com.AbstractBackground: Insight into the neural mechanisms underlying the shared and disparate features of schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) is limited. The amygdala and prefrontal cortex (PFC) appear to have crucial roles in SZ and BD, yet abnormalities appear to manifest differently in the 2 disorders. Methods: Eighteen participants with SZ, 18 participants with BD, and 18 healthy controls (HC) underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) between the PFC and the amygdala divided into 3 subregions (the laterobasal, centromedial, and superficial amygdala) was examined using probabilistic anatomic maps. For each participant, rsFC maps of the 3 amygdala subregions were computed and compared across the 3 groups. Results: Compared with the HC group, we found significant differences in rsFC between the amygdala and PFC in the SZ and BD groups. In direct comparison between the SZ and BD groups, distinct patterns of rsFC between the amygdala and PFC were observed, particularly in the superficial amygdala. RsFC between the amygdala and the dorsal lateral PFC was significantly decreased in the SZ group, whereas rsFC between the amygdyala and the ventral PFC was significantly decreased in the BD group. Conclusions: These results strongly suggest dorsal vs ventral PFC differentiation in amygdala-PFC neural system abnormalities between SZ and BD. These regional differences in SZ and BD may give rise to the differences in clinical characteristics observed in SZ and BD, and may implicate potential avenues for differentiating the 2 disorders during early stages of illness.
• Schizophrenia bulletin.Schizophr Bull.2014 Mar;40(2):469-77. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbt044. Epub 2013 Apr 18.
• Background: Insight into the neural mechanisms underlying the shared and disparate features of schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) is limited. The amygdala and prefrontal cortex (PFC) appear to have crucial roles in SZ and BD, yet abnormalities appear to manifest differently in the 2 disord
• PMID 23599250

Japanese Journal

• Development of humanized steroid and xenobiotic receptor mouse by homologous knock-in of the human steroid and xenobiotic receptor ligand binding domain sequence

• Igarashi Katsuhide,Kitajima Satoshi,Aisaki Ken-ichi [他],TANEMURA Kentaro,TAQUAHASHI Yuhji,MORIYAMA Noriko,IKENO Eriko,MATSUDA Nae,SAGA Yumiko,BLUMBERG Bruce,KANNO Jun
• Journal of toxicological sciences 37(2), 373-380, 2012-04-01
• NAID 10030126875

• Update on biologic pathways in inflammatory bowel disease and their therapeutic relevance

• HAMILTON Matthew J.,SNAPPER Scott B.,BLUMBERG Richard S.
• Journal of gastroenterology 47(1), 1-8, 2012-01-01
• NAID 10030295420

• 切除標本内に陳旧性日本住血吸虫卵が多数みられた大腸憩室穿孔の１例

• 塚越 浩志,堤 裕史,岩崎 茂 [他],倉林 誠,竹吉 泉,Tsukagoshi Hiroshi,Tsutsumi Hirohumi,Iwazaki Shigeru,Kurabayashi Makoto,Takeyoshi Izumi
• 北関東医学 62(2), 153-157, 2012
• … 搬送時, 腹部は板状硬で左下腹部に圧痛及びBlumberg徴候を認めた. …
• NAID 130002096520

Related Links

• ブルンベルグ徴候 - Wikipedia

a b ディレッタント・ゲンゴスキー. “教養としての医者語：第8回手術・創傷処置の用語”. 医学書院. 2009年11月18日閲覧。 ^ M. Blumberg: Über ein diagnostisches Symptom bei Appendicitis. Münchener medizinische Wochenschrift, 1907, 24.

• ブルームバーグ - 世界の最新経済情報/金融ニュース – Bloomberg.co.jp

世界の最新金融ニュース、マーケット情報、市場の分析や、マーケットデータ、金融情報 をご提供しています。株式、投資信託から、世界各国の株価指数、金利/債券、商品先物 など最新のマーケット情報を掲載。ブルームバーグBloomberg.co.jp。

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

国試過去問	「106A030」
拡張検索	「Blumberg Sign 3K」

「106A030」

　　[★]

• 62歳の女性。腹痛と血便とを主訴に来院した。以前から時々便秘をする以外は自覚症状はなかったが、昨夜突然、左下腹部痛が出現し、直後に血便を認めた。腹痛は、排便後一時的に軽減したが今朝から増強し、悪心を伴うようになった。 2時間前に再度血便を認めたため受診した。 10年前から自宅近くの診療所で高血圧症に対する治療を受けている。意識は清明。身長153cm、体重54kg。体温37.2℃。脈拍88/分、整。血圧120/84mmHg。呼吸数14/分。 SpO2 98%(room air)。腹部は平坦で、左下腹部に圧痛を認めるが、 Blumberg徴侯と筋性防御とを認めない。腸雑音は低下し、金属音を聴取しない。血液所見:赤血球350万、 Hb11.0g/dl、Ht43%、白血球9,200、血小板38万。血液生化学所見:尿素窒素19mg/dl、クレアチニン1.2mg/dl。 CRP5.0mg/dl。立位と臥位の腹部エックス線写真(別冊No. 8A、 B)を別に示す。
• 入院後の対応として適切なのはどれか。

• a　イレウス管による減圧術
• b　開腹手術
• c　カテーテル塞栓術
• d　大腸内視鏡による減圧術
• e　保存的治療

[正答]

E

※国試ナビ4※　［106A029］←［国試_106］→［106A031］

「Blumberg Sign 3K」

　　[★]

同

ブルンベルグ徴候