WordNet

executed with proper legal authority; "a binding contract"
the protective covering on the front, back, and spine of a book; "the book had a leather binding" (同)book binding, cover, back
strip sewn over or along an edge for reinforcement or decoration
the capacity to attract and hold something
any of a large group of nitrogenous organic compounds that are essential constituents of living cells; consist of polymers of amino acids; essential in the diet of animals for growth and for repair of tissues; can be obtained from meat and eggs and milk and legumes; "a diet high in protein"
the 1st letter of the Roman alphabet (同)a
the blood group whose red cells carry the A antigen (同)type_A, group A
a container that holds a magnetic tape used for recording or playing sound or video

PrepTutorEJDIC

義務的な,拘束力ある / 〈U〉しばること;〈C〉しばる物 / 〈C〉製本,装丁 / 〈U〉縁(‘ふち')取り材料
蛋白(たんばく)質
answer / ampere
(録音・録画テープの)『カセット』;(タイプライターの)カートリッジ,(フイルムの)パトローネ

UpToDate Contents

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1. メチシリン耐性黄色ブドウ球菌の微生物学 microbiology of methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus
2. サーファクタント機能障害の遺伝性疾患 genetic disorders of surfactant dysfunction
3. 小児における肺胞蛋白症 pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in children
4. 幼児および小児における間質性肺疾患分類 classification of interstitial lung disease in infants and children
5. 食物アレルゲンの分子機能 molecular features of food allergens

English Journal

Profiling microRNAs and their targets in an important fleshy fruit: Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum).

Din M1, Barozai MY2.Author information 1Department of Botany, University of Balochistan, Sariab Road Quetta, Pakistan.2Department of Botany, University of Balochistan, Sariab Road Quetta, Pakistan. Electronic address: barozaikhan@gmail.com.AbstractTomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is an important and the most useful plant based diet. It is widely used for its antioxidant property. Presently, only two digits, tomato microRNAs (miRNAs) are reported in miRBase: a miRNA database. This study is aimed to profile and characterize more miRNAs and their targets in tomato. A comprehensive comparative genomic approach is applied and a total of 109 new miRNAs belonging to 106 families are identified and characterized from the tomato expressed sequence tags (ESTs). All these potential miRNAs are profiled for the first time in tomato. The profiled miRNAs are also observed with stable stem-loop structures (Precursor-miRNAs), whose length ranges from 45to 329 nucleotides (nt) with an average of 125 nt. The mature miRNAs are found in the stem of pre-miRNAs and their length ranges from 19 to 24 nt with an average of 21 nt. Furthermore, twelve miRNAs are randomly selected and experimentally validated through RT-PCR. A total of 406 putative targets are also predicted for the newly 109 tomato miRNAs. These targets are involved in structural protein, metabolism, transcription factor, growth & development, stress related, signaling pathways, storage proteins and other vital processes. Some important proteins like; 9-cisepoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED), transcription factor MYB, ATP-binding cassette transporters, terpen synthase, 14-3-3 and TIR-NBS proteins are also predicted as putative targets for tomato miRNAs. These findings improve a baseline data of miRNAs and their targets in tomato. This baseline data can be utilized to fine tune this important fleshy fruit for nutritional & antioxidant properties and also under biotic & abiotic stresses.
Gene.Gene.2014 Feb 10;535(2):198-203. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.11.034. Epub 2013 Dec 4.
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is an important and the most useful plant based diet. It is widely used for its antioxidant property. Presently, only two digits, tomato microRNAs (miRNAs) are reported in miRBase: a miRNA database. This study is aimed to profile and characterize more miRNAs and their t
PMID 24315821

Factors involved in the cisplatin resistance of KCP‑4 human epidermoid carcinoma cells.

Oiso S1, Takayama Y1, Nakazaki R1, Matsunaga N1, Motooka C1, Yamamura A1, Ikeda R2, Nakamura K3, Takeda Y2, Kariyazono H1.Author information 1Department of Pharmaceutical Health Care Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, Nagasaki 859-3298, Japan.2Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890‑8520, Japan.3Department of Biopharmaceutics, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Saitama 362-0806, Japan.AbstractKCP-4 is a cisplatin-resistant cell line established from human epidermoid carcinoma KB-3-1 cells. Although our previous study revealed that one of the mechanisms for cisplatin resistance in KCP-4 cells is the activation of NF-κB, its high resistance is considered to be induced by multiple mechanisms. In the present study, we explored other factors involved in the development of cisplatin resistance in KCP-4 cells. Since it has been reported that an unknown efflux pump exports cisplatin from KCP-4 cells in an ATP-dependent manner, we examined 48 types of ATP-binding cassette proteins as candidate cisplatin efflux transporters. The mRNA expression levels of ABCA1, ABCA3, ABCA7 and ABCB10 in KCP-4 cells were higher when compared to those in KB-3-1 cells. These expression levels in cisplatin-sensitive revertant KCP-4 cells (KCP-4R cells), were reduced in parallel with the sensitivity of these cells to cisplatin and their intracellular accumulation of cisplatin. Next, we investigated the occurrence of mutations in p53 in KCP-4 cells. We found a heterozygous missense mutation at codon 72 (p.Pro72Arg) in p53 of both KCP-4 and KB-3-1 cells, but the protein expression level of p53 in KCP-4 cells was higher when compared to that in KB-3-1. These results suggest that ABCA1, ABCA3, ABCA7 and ABCB10 are candidate genes for the cisplatin efflux transporter that is involved in the cisplatin resistance of KCP-4 cells, and that the mutation at codon 72 of p53 may contribute to the development of cisplatin resistance.
Oncology reports.Oncol Rep.2014 Feb;31(2):719-26. doi: 10.3892/or.2013.2896. Epub 2013 Dec 5.
KCP-4 is a cisplatin-resistant cell line established from human epidermoid carcinoma KB-3-1 cells. Although our previous study revealed that one of the mechanisms for cisplatin resistance in KCP-4 cells is the activation of NF-κB, its high resistance is considered to be induced by multiple mechanis
PMID 24317338

Conservation of lipid metabolic gene transcriptional regulatory networks in fish and mammals.

Carmona-Antoñanzas G, Tocher DR, Martinez-Rubio L, Leaver MJ.Author information School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Institute of Aquaculture, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK. Electronic address: g.e.carmonaantonanzas@stir.ac.uk.AbstractLipid content and composition in aquafeeds have changed rapidly as a result of the recent drive to replace ecologically limited marine ingredients, fishmeal and fish oil (FO). Terrestrial plant products are the most economic and sustainable alternative; however, plant meals and oils are devoid of physiologically important cholesterol and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), eicosapentaenoic (EPA), docosahexaenoic (DHA) and arachidonic (ARA) acids. Although replacement of dietary FO with vegetable oil (VO) has little effect on growth in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), several studies have shown major effects on the activity and expression of genes involved in lipid homeostasis. In vertebrates, sterols and LC-PUFA play crucial roles in lipid metabolism by direct interaction with lipid-sensing transcription factors (TFs) and consequent regulation of target genes. The primary aim of the present study was to elucidate the role of key TFs in the transcriptional regulation of lipid metabolism in fish by transfection and overexpression of TFs. The results show that the expression of genes of LC-PUFA biosynthesis (elovl and fads2) and cholesterol metabolism (abca1) are regulated by Lxr and Srebp TFs in salmon, indicating highly conserved regulatory mechanism across vertebrates. In addition, srebp1 and srebp2 mRNA respond to replacement of dietary FO with VO. Thus, Atlantic salmon adjust lipid metabolism in response to dietary lipid composition through the transcriptional regulation of gene expression. It may be possible to further increase efficient and effective use of sustainable alternatives to marine products in aquaculture by considering these important molecular interactions when formulating diets.
Gene.Gene.2014 Jan 15;534(1):1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.10.040. Epub 2013 Oct 28.
Lipid content and composition in aquafeeds have changed rapidly as a result of the recent drive to replace ecologically limited marine ingredients, fishmeal and fish oil (FO). Terrestrial plant products are the most economic and sustainable alternative; however, plant meals and oils are devoid of ph
PMID 24177230

Japanese Journal

Direct proteomic mapping of Streptomyces roseosporus NRRL 11379 with precursor and insights into daptomycin biosynthesis(BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING)

Ye Chiming,Ng I-Son,Jing Keju [他],Lu Yinghua
Journal of bioscience and bioengineering 117(5), 591-597, 2014-05
… Among all, 357 and 691 differential proteins from 601 proteins in precursor group (144 h+) and 935 proteins in non-precursor group (144 h-) were identified, respectively. … Through the simulation of the 2D-protein mapping, most proteins were found in isoelectric points ranged of 4.5-10.0 as well as Mws ranged 10-100 kDa. …
NAID 110009823135

Amoebal Endosymbiont Neochlamydia Genome Sequence Illuminates the Bacterial Role in the Defense of the Host Amoebae against Legionella pneumophila

Ishida Kasumi,Sekizuka Tsuyoshi,Hayashida Kyoko,Matsuo Junji,Takeuchi Fumihiko,Kuroda Makoto,Nakamura Shinji,Yamazaki Tomohiro,Yoshida Mitsutaka,Takahashi Kaori,Nagai Hiroki,Sugimoto Chihiro,Yamaguchi Hiroyuki
PLoS ONE 9(4), e95166, 2014-04-18
… ADP/ATP translocases, ATP-binding cassette transporters, and secretion systems (types II and III) were well conserved, but no type IV secretion system was found. … The number of outer membrane proteins (OmcB, PomS, 76-kDa protein, and OmpW) was limited. … Interestingly, genes predicting unique proteins with LRRs (30 genes) or ankyrin domains (one gene) were identified. …
NAID 120005425332

A marine phytoplankton (Prymnesium parvum) up-regulates ABC transporters and several other proteins to acclimatize with Fe-limitation

Rahman M. Mamunur,Rahman M. Azizur,Maki Teruya,Nishiuchi Takumi,Asano T.,Hasegawa Hiroshi
Chemosphere 95, 213-219, 2014-01
… In sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gel electrophoresis, 7 proteins (16, 18, 32, 34, 75, 82, and 116. … These proteins were subjected to 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-D DIGE) to differentiate individual proteins, and were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometer (MALDI-TOF-MS) analysis. …
NAID 120005350316