WordNet
- invest with or as with a body; give body to (同)personify
- the external structure of a vehicle; "the body of the car was badly rusted"
- the main mass of a thing
- a natural object consisting of a dead animal or person; "they found the body in the lake" (同)dead body
- the entire structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being); "he felt as if his whole body were on fire" (同)organic structure, physical structure
- a collection of particulars considered as a system; "a body of law"; "a body of doctrine"; "a body of precedents"
- a group of persons associated by some common tie or occupation and regarded as an entity; "the whole body filed out of the auditorium"; "the student body"; "administrative body"
- an individual 3-dimensional object that has mass and that is distinguishable from other objects; "heavenly body"
- the central message of a communication; "the body of the message was short"
- including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete; "gave his whole attention"; "a whole wardrobe for the tropics"; "the whole hog"; "a whole week"; "the baby cried the whole trip home"; "a whole loaf of bread"
- an assemblage of parts that is regarded as a single entity; "how big is that part compared to the whole?"; "the team is a unit" (同)unit
- all of something including all its component elements or parts; "Europe considered as a whole"; "the whole of American literature"
- (of siblings) having the same parents; "whole brothers and sisters"
- the condition of being exposed to radiation
- (Pavolvian conditioning) the elicitation of a conditioned response by stimulation similar but not identical to the original stimulus
- (physiology) the spread of sensory neural impulses in the cortex
- the apparent enlargement of a bright object when viewed against a dark background
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 〈C〉『身体』,肉体 / 〈C〉(人・動物の)『胴体』 / 〈C〉)物の)『主要部』,本体《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈C〉(…の)『団体』,群れ:(…のたくさんの)集まり《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈C〉物体,…体 / 〈U〉実質;(酒・味などの)こく / 〈C〉《話》人
- 《the ~,one's ~ の形で名詞の前に用いて》『全体の』,全部の,全… / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》(時間・距離などが)『まる』…,満… / (物が)完全な,欠けていない;《名詞の後に置いて》丸ごとで,ひとかたまりに / 《冠詞をつけずに複数名詞の前に用いて》ひじょうに多くの / 《古》(人が)無傷の,(肉体的に)健康な / 整数の,分数を含まない / 〈U〉《the ~》(…の)『全部』,全体,全量《+of+名》 / 〈C〉完全なもの,統一体
- 照らす(照らされる)こと;発光 / (知的)啓発,開明 / 放射線治療
- 《疑問代名詞》『だれが』,どんな人が / 《関係代名詞》(先行詞は「人」) / 《制限用法》(…する,…した)『ところの』 / 《非制限用法》『そしてその人は(を)』,それは…する(した)人だが / 《古》《先行詞を含んで》…する人[はだれでも]
- 《英話》人;(特に)男
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/11/29 14:28:50」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
Total body irradiation (TBI) is a form of radiotherapy used primarily as part of the preparative regimen for haematopoietic stem cell (or bone marrow) transplantation. As the name implies, TBI involves irradiation of the entire body, though in modern practice the lungs are often partially shielded to lower the risk of radiation-induced lung injury.[1][2] Total body irradiation in the setting of bone marrow transplantation serves to destroy or suppress the recipient's immune system, preventing immunologic rejection of transplanted donor bone marrow or blood stem cells. Additionally, high doses of total body irradiation can eradicate residual cancer cells in the transplant recipient, increasing the likelihood that the transplant will be successful.
Contents
- 1 Dosage
- 2 Usage in other cancers
- 3 Fertility
- 4 References
Dosage[edit]
Doses of total body irradiation used in bone marrow transplantation typically range from 10 to >12 Gy. For reference, a dose of 4.5 Gy is fatal in 50% of exposed individuals without aggressive medical care.[3] Such high total body doses are made possible by spreading the total dose out between several sessions, or "fractions," with an interval of time in between allowing other normal tissues some time to repair some of the damage caused. However, at these doses, total body irradiation both destroys the patient's bone marrow (allowing donor marrow to engraft) and kills residual cancer cells. Non-myeloablative bone marrow transplantation uses lower doses of total body irradiation, typically about 2 Gy, which do not destroy the host bone marrow but do suppress the host immune system sufficiently to promote donor engraftment.
In modern practice, total body irradiation is typically fractionated. Early research in bone marrow transplantation by E. Donnall Thomas and colleagues demonstrated that this process of splitting TBI into multiple smaller doses resulted in lower toxicity and better outcomes than delivering a single, large dose.[4][5]
Usage in other cancers[edit]
In addition to its use in bone marrow transplantation, total body irradiation has been explored as a treatment modality for high-risk Ewing sarcoma.[6] However, subsequent findings suggest that TBI in this setting causes toxicity without improving disease control,[7] and TBI is not currently used in the treatment of Ewing sarcoma outside of clinical trials.
Fertility[edit]
Total body irradiation results in female infertility in most cases, with recovery of gonadal function occurring in 10−14% of cases. The number of pregnancies observed after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation involving such as procedure is lower than 2%.[8] Fertility preservation measures mainly include cryopreservation of ovarian tissue, embryos or oocytes.
References[edit]
- ^ Gore EM, Lawton CA, Ash RC, Lipchik RJ (August 1996). "Pulmonary function changes in long-term survivors of bone marrow transplantation". Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 36 (1): 67–75. doi:10.1016/S0360-3016(96)00123-X. PMID 8823260.
- ^ Soule BP, Simone NL, Savani BN et al. (September 2007). "Pulmonary function following total body irradiation (with or without lung shielding) and allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplant". Bone Marrow Transplant. 40 (6): 573–8. doi:10.1038/sj.bmt.1705771. PMID 17637691.
- ^ Department of Homeland Security Working Group on Radiological Dispersal Device (RDD) Preparedness, from the United States Department of Homeland Security. Accessed May 29, 2008.
- ^ Thomas ED, Buckner CD, Clift RA et al. (September 1979). "Marrow transplantation for acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia in first remission". N. Engl. J. Med. 301 (11): 597–9. doi:10.1056/NEJM197909133011109. PMID 381925.
- ^ Thomas ED, Clift RA, Hersman J et al. (May 1982). "Marrow transplantation for acute nonlymphoblastic leukemic in first remission using fractionated or single-dose irradiation". Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 8 (5): 817–21. PMID 7050046.
- ^ Kinsella TJ, Glaubiger D, Diesseroth A et al. (December 1983). "Intensive combined modality therapy including low-dose TBI in high-risk Ewing's Sarcoma Patients". Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 9 (12): 1955–60. PMID 9463099.
- ^ Burdach S, Meyer-Bahlburg A, Laws HJ et al. (August 2003). "High-dose therapy for patients with primary multifocal and early relapsed Ewing's tumors: results of two consecutive regimens assessing the role of total-body irradiation". J. Clin. Oncol. 21 (16): 3072–8. doi:10.1200/JCO.2003.12.039. PMID 12915596.
- ^ André Tichelli, Alicia Rovó. Fertility Issues Following Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Expert Rev Hematol. 2013;6(4):375-388.
In turn citing:Salooja N, Szydlo RM, Socie G et al. Pregnancy outcomes after peripheral blood or bone marrow transplantation: a retrospective survey. Lancet 358(9278), 271–276(2001).
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Organ transplantation
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| Types |
- Allotransplantation
- Autotransplantation
- Xenotransplantation
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| Organs and tissues |
- Bone
- Bone marrow
- Brain
- Corneal
- Face
- Hand
- Head
- Heart
- Heart–lung
- Kidney
- Liver
- Lung
- Pancreas
- Penis
- Skin
- Spleen
- Thymus
- Uterus
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| Medical grafting |
- Bone grafting
- Skin grafting
- Vascular grafting
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| Organ donation |
- Non-heart-beating donation
- Organ harvesting
- Organ trade
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| Complications |
- Graft-versus-host disease
- Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder
- Transplant rejection
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| Organizations |
- Anthony Nolan
- DKMS Americas
- Eurotransplant
- Halachic Organ Donor Society
- Human Tissue Authority
- National Marrow Donor Program
- National Transplant Organization
- NHS Blood and Transplant
- United Network for Organ Sharing
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| Countries |
- Organ transplantation in different countries
- Organ transplantation in China
- Organ transplantation in Israel
- Organ transplantation in Japan
- Organ theft in Kosovo
- Gurgaon kidney scandal
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| People |
|
Heart
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- Christiaan Barnard
- Adrian Kantrowitz
- Richard Lower
- Norman Shumway
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Kidney
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- J. Hartwell Harrison
- John P. Merrill
- Joseph Murray
- Michael Woodruff
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Liver
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Lung
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- Joel D. Cooper
- Vladimir Demikhov
- James Hardy
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Other
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- Alexis Carrel
- Jean-Michel Dubernard
- Donna Mansell
- Bruce Reitz
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- List of organ transplant donors and recipients
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| Related topics |
- Biomedical tissue
- Edmonton protocol
- Eye bank
- Immunosuppressive drugs
- Lung allocation score
- Machine perfusion
- Total body irradiation
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- The effect of 900 and 1800MHz GSM-like radiofrequency irradiation and nicotine sulfate administration on the embryonic development of Xenopus laevis.
- Boga A1, Emre M2, Sertdemir Y3, Akillioglu K4, Binokay S4, Demirhan O5.
- Ecotoxicology and environmental safety.Ecotoxicol Environ Saf.2015 Mar;113:378-90. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.12.020. Epub 2014 Dec 20.
- The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of GSM-like radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF EMR) and nicotine sulfate (NS) exposure on Xenopus embryonic development.The developmental effects of GSM-like RF-EMR (900-1800MHz, at a SAR value of 1W/kg and NS on Xenopus laevis embryos w
- PMID 25531835
- Irradiation with X-rays phase-advances the molecular clockwork in liver, adrenal gland and pancreas.
- Müller MH1, Rödel F, Rüb U, Korf HW.
- Chronobiology international.Chronobiol Int.2015 Feb;32(1):27-36. doi: 10.3109/07420528.2014.949735. Epub 2014 Aug 20.
- The circadian clock of man and mammals shows a hierarchic organization. The master clock, located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), controls peripheral oscillators distributed throughout the body. Rhythm generation depends on molecular clockworks based on transcriptional/translational interaction
- PMID 25140390
- [Acute skin toxicity in breast intensity modulated radiotherapy using field in field technique.]
- Blanchecotte J1, Ruffier-Loubière A2, Reynaud-Bougnoux A2, Barillot I2.
- Cancer radiotherapie : journal de la Societe francaise de radiotherapie oncologique.Cancer Radiother.2015 Jan 23. pii: S1278-3218(14)00389-8. doi: 10.1016/j.canrad.2014.10.007. [Epub ahead of print]
- PURPOSE: The optimization with presegmentation irradiation technique (Dosisoft™), used in treatment of breast carcinomas, facilitates the treatment delivery and improves radioprotection. The objective of our study was to evaluate the potential impact of this innovative technique on the acute skin
- PMID 25623257
Japanese Journal
- Genetic Analysis of T Cell Lymphomas in Carbon Ion-Irradiated Mice Reveals Frequent Interstitial Chromosome Deletions: Implications for Second Cancer Induction in Normal Tissues During Carbon Ion Radiotherapy
- Effect of age on the sensitivity of the rat thyroid gland to ionizing radiation
- 多発転移に伴い血小板減少を合併した頭部血管肉腫の1例
Related Links
- Looking for online definition of whole-body irradiation in the Medical Dictionary? whole-body irradiation explanation free. What is whole-body irradiation? Meaning of whole-body irradiation medical term. What does whole-body ? ...
- Based on recommendations prepared by DGMP working group 2 - Physical Aspects of Total Body Irradiation - this guideline on Whole Body Radiotherapy takes into account recommendations of AAPM Task Group 29 ...
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- total body irradiation, TBI, whole body irradiation
- 関
- 放射線全身照射、全身照射法、全身照射。造血幹細胞移植
副作用
- 白内障(分割照射により減少)
- 生殖機能低下
- 二次発癌
参考
- 1. [charged] 造血細胞移植のための前処置療法 - uptodate [1]
[★]
- 関
- total body irradiation、whole-body radiation
[★]
- 関
- whom
- who whom whose
- which wihich whose
- 関
- World Health Organization
[★]
- 関
- altogether、entire、entirety、gross、overall、total
[★]
- 関
- bombardment、illuminate、irradiate、radiate、radiation
[★]
- 関
- general、systemic、total body、whole-body
[★]