WordNet

of the margin of a leaf shape; not broken up into teeth
the act of smoothing; "he gave his hair a quick smooth"
free from obstructions; "smooth the way towards peace negotiations" (同)smooth out
make smooth or smoother, as if by rubbing; "smooth the surface of the wood" (同)smoothen
having a surface free from roughness or bumps or ridges or irregularities; "smooth skin"; "a smooth tabletop"; "smooth fabric"; "a smooth road"; "water as smooth as a mirror"
lacking obstructions or difficulties; "the bills path through the legislature was smooth and orderly"
of motion that runs or flows or proceeds without jolts or turbulence; "a smooth ride"
make ones way by force; "He muscled his way into the office"
animal tissue consisting predominantly of contractile cells (同)muscular_tissue
one of the contractile organs of the body (同)musculus
authority or power or force (especially when used in a coercive way); "the senators used their muscle to get the party leader to resign"
of or relating to or having vessels that conduct and circulate fluids; "vascular constriction"; "a vascular bundle"
made smooth by ironing (同)smoothened

PrepTutorEJDIC

(表面が)『滑らかな』,すべすべした;『平らな』平坦(へいたん)な / (動きが)円滑な,揺れのない / (物事が)すらすら運ぶ,順調な,平隠な / (味など)滑らかな;(練り粉など)つぶつぶ(むら)のない / 愛想のよい,取り入るような / …‘を'『滑らかにする』,平らにする,〈髪など〉‘を'なでつける《+『out(down)』+『名,』+『名』+『out(down)』》 / 〈物事〉‘を'容易にする,円滑にする《+『away(out)』+『名,』+『away(out)』》 / 〈人・気持ちなど〉‘を'静める,和らげる《+『down』+『名,』+『名』+『down』》 / 滑らか(平ら)になる;隠やかになる《+『down』》 / =smoothly
〈U〉(動物体の組織としての)『筋肉』,筋(きん);〈C〉(体の各部を動かす)筋肉 / 〈U〉力,(特に)筋力,腕力 / 《俗に》(…に)強引に割り込む《+『in on』(『into, through』)+『名』》
(血液・樹液などを運ぶ)管の,導管の,血管の
筋肉の,筋力のある / 力ずくの

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/01/10 04:56:01」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

Diagram showing the location of vascular smooth muscle cells

Vascular smooth muscle cells, isolated from human aorta, growing and forming a monolayer in cell culture.

Vascular smooth muscle refers to the particular type of smooth muscle found within, and composing the majority of the wall of blood vessels.

Function

Vascular smooth muscle contracts or relaxes to both change the volume of blood vessels and the local blood pressure, a mechanism that is responsible for the redistribution of the blood within the body to areas where it is needed (i.e. areas with temporarily enhanced oxygen consumption). Thus the main function of vascular smooth muscle tonus is to regulate the caliber of the blood vessels in the body. Excessive vasoconstriction leads to hypertension, while excessive vasodilation as in shock leads to hypotension.

Arteries have a great deal more smooth muscle within their walls than veins, thus their greater wall thickness. This is because they have to carry pumped blood away from the heart to all the organs and tissues that need the oxygenated blood. The endothelial lining of each is similar.

Innervation

Vascular smooth muscle is innervated primarily by the sympathetic nervous system through adrenergic receptors (adrenoceptors). Three types of adrenoceptors are present within vascular smooth muscle cells: , and . The main endogenous agonist of these cell receptors is norepinephrine (NE).

The adrenergic receptors exert opposite physiologic effects in the vascular smooth muscle under activation:

receptors. Under NE binding receptors cause vasoconstriction i.e. contraction of the vascular smooth muscle cells decreasing the diameter of the vessels. receptors are activated in response to shock or hypotension as a defensive reaction trying to restore the normal blood pressure. Antagonists of receptors (doxazosin, prazosin) cause vasodilation i.e. decrease in vascular smooth muscle tone with increase of vessel diameter and decrease of the blood pressure. (See also receptor antagonist)

receptors. Agonists of receptors in the vascular smooth muscle lead to vasoconstriction. However, in clinical practice applied intravenously drugs being agonists of receptors (clonidine) leads to powerful vasodilation and decrease in the blood pressure by presynaptic activation of receptors in the sympathetic ganglia. This presynaptic effect is predominant and completely overrides the vasoconstrictive effect of the receptors in the vascular smooth muscle.^{[citation needed]}

receptors. Agonism at receptors causes vasodilation and hypotension, i.e. the effect is opposite of the one resulting from activation of and receptors in the vascular smooth muscle cells. Usage of agonists of receptors as hypotensive agents is less widespread due to adverse effects such as unnecessary bronchodilation in lungs and increase in blood sugar levels.

External links

Image of smooth muscle in the arterial walls
Smooth muscle in stomach wall

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Nitric oxide producing coating mimicking endothelium function for multifunctional vascular stents.

Yang Z1, Yang Y2, Xiong K2, Li X2, Qi P2, Tu Q2, Jing F2, Weng Y2, Wang J3, Huang N4.
Biomaterials.Biomaterials.2015 Sep;63:80-92. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.06.016. Epub 2015 Jun 14.
The continuous release of nitric oxide (NO) by the native endothelium of blood vessels plays a substantial role in the cardiovascular physiology, as it influences important pathways of cardiovascular homeostasis, inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation, inhibits platelet activation
PMID 26093790

Myocyte Enhancer Factor 2A Regulates Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Senescence of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Via microRNA-143.

Zhao W1, Zheng XL2, Peng DQ1, Zhao SP1.
Journal of cellular physiology.J Cell Physiol.2015 Sep;230(9):2202-11. doi: 10.1002/jcp.24948.
Myocyte enhancer factor 2A (MEF2A) is involved in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation, migration, and senescence. MicroRNA-143/145 (miR-143/145), which may be regulated by MEF2A, is known to promote cellular senescence. We hypothesized that MEF2A may promote VSMC senescence via miR-143/
PMID 25655189

Japanese Journal

Paradoxical Roles of Perivascular Adipose Tissue in Atherosclerosis and Hypertension

Chang Lin,Milton Hamblin,Eitzman Daniel T.,Chen Y. Eugene
Circulation Journal 77(1), 11-18, 2013
… Pathophysiological conditions such as obesity, vascular injury, aging and infection could cause PVAT dysfunction, leading to vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cell dysfunctions. …
NAID 130002491400

山村記念賞麻酔薬や血管作動薬が血管平滑筋細胞と膵臓β細胞のATP感受性Kチャネルに及ぼす影響 (日本麻酔科学会第59回学術集会講演特集号) -- (2012年度学会賞記念講演)

田中克哉
麻酔 61 (増刊), S173-182, 2012-11-00
NAID 40019497554

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「血管平滑筋」「中膜平滑筋」「脈管平滑筋」
拡張検索	「vascular smooth muscle cell」
関連記事	「smooth」「vascular」「muscle」

「血管平滑筋」

　　[★]

英: vascular smooth muscle
関: 中膜

アドレナリンによる血管平滑筋の収縮

アゴニストがα1受容体(Gq)に結合することで、次の経路により細胞内のCa2+濃度が上昇し、平滑筋が収縮する
1. 受容体依存性カルシウムチャネル(receptor operated Ca channel, ROCC)が開口し、細胞外からCaが流入する(SAN.189)
2. 受容体刺激に引き続きG蛋白質を介してホスホリパーゼC(PLC)が活性化　→　細胞膜のホスファチジルコリンからホスファチジルイノシトール-1,4,5-三リン酸(IP₃)とジアシルグリセロール(DG)が生成　→　IP3は筋小胞体からCa遊離を促進。DGはPKCを活性化し、収縮蛋白のCa感受性を高める。