uvea

ぶどう膜 　

WordNet

1. the part of the eye that contains the iris and ciliary body and choroid
2. a French school of art and architecture popular in the 1890s; characterized by stylized natural forms and sinuous outlines of such objects as leaves and vines and flowers
3. of or relating to the uvea of the eye (同)uveous

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/04/07 11:04:48」(JST)

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For For the Pacific island and chiefdom in Wallis and Futuna, see Wallis (island) and Uvea (Wallis and Futuna).

Uvea
Horizontal section of the eyeball. The constituents of the uvea follow: iris labeled at top, ciliary body labeled at upper right, and choroid labeled at center right.)
Latin	tunica vasculosa bulbi
MeSH	Uvea

The uvea (Lat. uva, grape), also called the uveal layer, uveal coat, uveal tract, or vascular tunic, is the pigmented middle of the three concentric layers that make up an eye. The name is possibly a reference to its reddish-blue or almost black colour, wrinkled appearance and grape-like size and shape when stripped intact from a cadaveric eye. Its use as a technical term in anatomy and ophthalmology is relatively modern.^{[citation needed]}

Anatomy

Regions

The uvea is the vascular middle layer of the eye. It is traditionally divided into three areas, from front to back, the:

• Iris
• Ciliary body
• Choroid

Physiology

The prime functions of the uveal tract as a unit are:

1. nutrition and gas exchange. Uveal vessels directly perfuse the ciliary body and iris, to support their metabolic needs, and indirectly supply diffusible nutrients to the outer retina, sclera, and lens, which lack any intrinsic blood supply. (The cornea has no adjacent blood vessels and is oxygenated by direct gas exchange with the environment.)

2. light absorption. The uvea improves the contrast of the retinal image by reducing reflected light within the eye (analogous to the black paint inside a camera), and also absorbs outside light transmitted through the sclera, which is not fully opaque.

In addition some uveal regions have special functions of great importance, including secretion of the aqueous humour by the ciliary processes, control of accommodation (focus) by the ciliary body, and optimisation of retinal illumination by the iris's control over the pupil. Many of these functions are under the control of the autonomic nervous system.

Pharmacology

The pupil provides a visible example of the neural feedback control in the body. This is subserved by a balance between the antagonistic sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system. Informal pharmacological experiments have been performed on the pupil for centuries, since the pupil is readily visible, and its size can be readily altered by applying drugs—even crude plant extracts—to the cornea. Pharmacological control over pupil size remains an important part of the treatment of some ocular diseases. (See pupil, uveitis, acute glaucoma, and chronic glaucoma.

Drugs can also reduce the metabolically-active process of secreting aqueous humour, which is important in treating both acute and chronic glaucoma.

Immunology

The normal uvea consists of immune competent cells, particularly lymphocytes, and is prone to respond to inflammation by developing lymphocytic infiltrates. A rare disease called sympathetic ophthalmia may represent 'cross-reaction' between the uveal and retinal antigens (i.e., the body's inability to distinguish between them, with resulting misdirected inflammatory reactions).

Pathology

See uveitis, choroiditis, iritis, Iridocyclitis, anterior uveitis, sympathetic ophthalmia, uveal melanoma.

External links

• MedlinePlus Encyclopedia 002337
• Diagram at visionweb.com

References

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. ブドウ膜炎：病因、臨床症状、および診断 uveitis etiology clinical manifestations and diagnosis
• 2. ブドウ膜炎：治療 uveitis treatment
• 3. 眼球開放創：緊急評価および初期マネージメント open globe injuries emergent evaluation and initial management
• 4. 尿細管間質性腎炎とブドウ膜炎（TINU症候群） tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis tinu syndrome
• 5. 眼内黒色腫（メラノーマ） ocular melanoma

English Journal

• The autoimmune diseases of the eyes.

• de Andrade FA1, Fiorot SH2, Benchimol EI3, Provenzano J2, Martins VJ4, Levy RA5.
• Autoimmunity reviews.Autoimmun Rev.2016 Mar;15(3):258-71. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2015.12.001. Epub 2015 Dec 3.
• The eye is divided anatomically in three layers: an outer or fibrous layer (cornea/sclera), middle or vascular layer (uvea - iris, ciliary body, and choroid) and an inner or sensorineural layer (retina). They compose the several anatomic and functional layers that enable the immune protection of the
• PMID 26655327

• Bilateral Peripapillary Racemose Hemangioma: An Unusual Presentation.

• Kaliki S1, Tyagi M2, Kumar HP2.
• Ophthalmology.Ophthalmology.2016 Feb;123(2):323. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.11.007.
• PMID 26802707

• Prophylactic laser photocoagulation of fundal coloboma: does it really help?

• Tripathy K1, Chawla R1, Sharma YR1, Venkatesh P1, Sagar P1, Vohra R1, Singh HI1, Kumawat B1, Bypareddy R1.
• Acta ophthalmologica.Acta Ophthalmol.2016 Jan 29. doi: 10.1111/aos.12975. [Epub ahead of print]
• PMID 26821601

Japanese Journal

• ぶどう膜炎の病態と新規治療

• 柳井 亮二,武田 篤信,吉村 武,園田 康平
• 日本臨床免疫学会会誌 37(2), 74-82, 2014
•   ぶどう膜炎とは，狭義には「ぶどう膜組織の炎症」であるが，臨床的には「眼内の全ての炎症」を指す．ぶどう膜炎は単一の疾患概念ではなく，自己免疫疾患，感染症，造血器悪性腫瘍など多種多様な原因や背景をもとに発症する．ぶどう膜炎の多くは再発する可能性のある慢性病であり，姑息的に眼炎症をコントロールするだけでなく，長期的観点から患者の視機能の維持を考える必要がある．Behçét病は，放置すれば中途失明に至 …
• NAID 130004875918

• Regulation of Th1 and Th17 cell differentiation in uveitis

• Takeda Atsunobu,Sonoda Koh-Hei,Ishibashi Tatsuro
• Inflammation and Regeneration 33(5), 261-268, 2013
• … Uveitis is often recurrent and causes subsequent tissue destruction and scarring, especially in the retina and uvea, leading to permanent loss of vision. …
• NAID 130004482316

• ぶどう膜悪性黒色腫の臨床診断 (特集 網膜芽細胞腫とぶどう膜悪性黒色腫の最前線)

• 久保田 敏信
• 眼科 52(3), 279-286, 2010-03
• NAID 40017035070

Related Links

• Uvea - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

For the Pacific island, see Wallis Island. The uvea (Lat. uva, grape), also called the uveal layer, uveal coat, uveal tract, or vascular tunic, is the pigmented middle of the three concentric layers that make up an eye. The name is possibly a ...

• Eye with uvea - Mayo Clinic medical information and tools for ...

The uvea consists of the layer and structures of the eye beneath the white of the eye (sclera). It has three parts: (1) the iris, which is the colored part of the eye; (2) the choroid layer, which is the layer of blood vessels and connective tissue ...

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「ぶどう膜炎」「ぶどう膜」
拡張検索	「uveal neoplasm」「uveal」「uveal disease」「uveal tract」

「ぶどう膜炎」

　　[★]

英

uveitis

同

ブドウ膜炎

関

ぶどう膜 uvea

病型

• 前部ぶどう膜炎

• 虹彩炎
• 虹彩毛様体炎
• 角膜ぶどう膜炎
• 強膜ぶどう膜炎

• 中間部ぶどう膜炎

• 周辺性ぶどう膜炎
• 慢性毛様体炎

• 後部ぶどう膜炎

• 網脈絡膜炎
• 脈絡膜炎

• 汎ぶどう膜炎

• 前部・中間部・後部ぶどう膜炎すでてのぶどう膜炎

病因

SOP.48

• ベーチェット病 (約10-20%)　：(眼外症状)口腔内アフタ、陰部潰瘍、結節性紅斑、関節炎、精巣上体炎
• サルコイドーシス (約10-20%)　：(眼外症状)両肺門リンパ節腫脹、ACE高値、ツベルクリン反応陰性化
• フォークト・小柳・原田症候群 (約5-10%)　：(眼外症状)感冒症状、髄膜炎症状、感音性難聴、白髪・脱毛
• 原因不明 (40-50%)

「ぶどう膜」

　　[★]

英

uvea　≠ 口蓋垂 uvula

関

ブドウ膜、眼球血管膜

「uveal neoplasm」

　　[★]

ぶどう膜腫瘍、ぶどう膜新生物、ブドウ膜腫瘍、ブドウ膜新生物

「uveal」

　　[★]

• ぶどう膜の、ブドウ膜の、ぶどう膜性の

関

uvea、uveal tract

　

「uveal disease」

　　[★]

ぶどう膜疾患、ブドウ膜疾患

「uveal tract」

　　[★]

ぶどう膜

関

uvea、uveal