V型アレルギー
WordNet
- write by means of a keyboard with types; "type the acceptance letter, please" (同)typewrite
- a small metal block bearing a raised character on one end; produces a printed character when inked and pressed on paper; "he dropped a case of type, so they made him pick them up"
- (biology) the taxonomic group whose characteristics are used to define the next higher taxon
- a subdivision of a particular kind of thing; "what type of sculpture do you prefer?"
- all of the tokens of the same symbol; "the word `element contains five different types of character"
- printed characters; "small type is hard to read"
- identify as belonging to a certain type; "Such people can practically be typed" (同)typecast
- pathological sensitivity
- extreme sensitivity
- the 22nd letter of the Roman alphabet (同)v
- writing done with a typewriter (同)typewriting
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 〈C〉(…の)『型』,タイプ,類型,種類(kind)《+of+名》 / 〈C〉(その種類の特質を最もよく表している)『典型』,手本,模範《+of+名》 / 〈U〉《集合的に》活字;〈C〉(1個の)活字 / 〈U〉(印刷された)字体,活字 / 〈C〉(貨幣・メダルなどの)模様,図柄 / 〈C〉血液型(blood group) / …‘を'タイプに打つ / (…として)…‘を'分類する《+名+as+名(doing)》 / …‘の'型を決める / タイプライターを打つ
- 過敏,過敏症
- vanadium の化学記号
- verb / verso / 《話》very / velocity / volt[s] / volume / vide
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/02/26 08:09:35」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
For other uses, see Hypersensitivity (disambiguation).
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This article needs more medical references for verification or relies too heavily on primary sources. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please review the contents of the article and add the appropriate references if you can. Unsourced or poorly sourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2013) |
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| Hypersensitivity |
| Classification and external resources |
| Specialty |
Allergy and immunology |
| ICD-10 |
T78.4 |
| ICD-9-CM |
995.3 |
| DiseasesDB |
28827 |
| MeSH |
D006967 |
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[edit on Wikidata]
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Hypersensitivity (also called hypersensitivity reaction or intolerance) is a set of undesirable reactions produced by the normal immune system, including allergies and autoimmunity. These reactions may be damaging, uncomfortable, or occasionally fatal. Hypersensitivity reactions require a pre-sensitized (immune) state of the host. They are classified in four groups after the proposal of P. G. H. Gell and Robin Coombs in 1963.[1]
Contents
- 1 Coombs and Gell classification
- 2 See also
- 3 References
- 4 External links
Coombs and Gell classification
Comparison of hypersensitivity types
| Type |
Alternative names |
Often mentioned disorders |
Mediators |
Description |
| I |
Allergy (immediate) |
|
|
Fast response which occurs in minutes, rather than multiple hours or days. Free antigens cross link the IgE on mast cells and basophils which causes a release of vasoactive biomolecules.
Testing can be done via skin test for specific IgE.[2]
|
| II |
Cytotoxic, antibody-dependent |
- Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
- Rheumatic heart disease
- Thrombocytopenia
- Erythroblastosis fetalis
- Goodpasture's syndrome
- Graves' disease *see type V explanation below
- Myasthenia gravis *see type V explanation below
|
- IgM or IgG
- (Complement)
- MAC
|
Antibody (IgM or IgG) binds to antigen on a target cell, which is actually a host cell that is perceived by the immune system as foreign, leading to cellular destruction via the MAC.
Testing includes both the direct and indirect Coombs test.[3]
|
| III |
Immune complex disease |
- Serum sickness
- Arthus reaction
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Post streptococcal glomerulonephritis
- Membranous nephropathy
- Lupus nephritis
- Systemic lupus erythematosus
- Extrinsic allergic alveolitis (hypersensitivity pneumonitis)
|
- IgG
- (Complement)
- Neutrophils
|
Antibody (IgG) binds to soluble antigen, forming a circulating immune complex. This is often deposited in the vessel walls of the joints and kidney, initiating a local inflammatory reaction.[4] |
| IV |
Delayed-type hypersensitivity,[2][3] cell-mediated immune memory response, antibody-independent |
- Contact dermatitis, including Urushiol-induced contact dermatitis (poison ivy rash).
- Mantoux test
- Chronic transplant rejection
- Multiple sclerosis[5]
|
|
Helper T cells (specifically Th1 helper t cells) are activated by an antigen presenting cell. When the antigen is presented again in the future, the memory Th1 cells will activate macrophages and cause an inflammatory response. This ultimately can lead to tissue damage. [6] |
| V |
Autoimmune disease, receptor mediated (see below) |
- Graves' disease
- Myasthenia gravis
|
|
|
Type V
This is an additional type that is sometimes (often in the UK) used as a distinction from Type 2.[7]
Instead of binding to cell surface s, the antibodies recognise and bind to the cell surface receptors, which either prevents the intended ligand binding with the receptor or mimics the effects of the ligand, thus impairing cell signaling.[citation needed]
Some clinical examples:
- Graves' disease
- Myasthenia gravis
The use of Type 5 is rare. These conditions are more frequently classified as Type 2, though sometimes they are specifically segregated into their own subcategory of Type 2.[citation needed]
See also
- Intolerance
- Supersensitivity
References
- ^ Gell PGH, Coombs RRA, eds. Clinical Aspects of Immunology. 1st ed. Oxford, England: Blackwell; 1963. Section IV, Chapter 1[page needed]
- ^ a b Black, C. A. (1999). "Delayed type hypersensitivity: Current theories with an historic perspective". Dermatology Online Journal 5 (1): 7. PMID 10673450.
- ^ a b Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions at eMedicine
- ^ Kumar, Vinay; Abbas, Abul K.; Aster, Jon C., eds. (2014). "Hypersensitivity: Immunologicaly Mediated Tissue Injury". Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease (9th ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 200–11. ISBN 978-0-323-29635-9.
- ^ Mitchell, Richard Sheppard; Kumar, Vinay; Abbas, Abul K.; Fausto, Nelson (2007). "Table 5-1". Robbins Basic Pathology (8th ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders. ISBN 1-4160-2973-7.
- ^ Le, Tau. First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2013, p. 203-204
- ^ Rajan, T.V. (2003). "The Gell–Coombs classification of hypersensitivity reactions: A re-interpretation". Trends in Immunology 24 (7): 376–9. doi:10.1016/S1471-4906(03)00142-X. PMID 12860528.
External links
- Hypersensitivity reactions at GPnotebook
‹ The template below is being deleted. See templates for discussion for the discussion that led to this result. ›
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ICD-9-CM: Medical conditions and ICD-9 code
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|
|
(Disease / Disorder / Syndrome / Sequence, Symptom / Sign, Injury, etc.)
|
|
| (A/B, 001–139) |
- Infectious disease/Infection: Bacterial disease
- Viral disease
- Parasitic disease
- Protozoan infection
- Helminthiasis
- Ectoparasitic infestation
- Mycosis
- Zoonosis
|
|
(C/D,
140–239 &
279–289) |
| Cancer (C00–D48, 140–239) |
|
|
| Myeloid hematologic (D50–D77, 280–289) |
|
|
| Lymphoid immune (D80–D89, 279) |
- Immunodeficiency
- Immunoproliferative disorder
- Hypersensitivity
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|
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| (E, 240–278) |
- Endocrine disease
- Nutrition disorder
- Inborn error of metabolism
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|
| (F, 290–319) |
|
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| (G, 320–359) |
- Nervous system disease
- Neuromuscular disease
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| (H, 360–389) |
|
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| (I, 390–459) |
- Cardiovascular disease
- Heart disease
- Vascular disease
|
|
| (J, 460–519) |
- Respiratory disease
- Obstructive lung disease
- Restrictive lung disease
- Pneumonia
|
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| (K, 520–579) |
- Oral and maxillofacial pathology
- Tooth disease
- salivary gland disease
- tongue disease
- Digestive disease
- Esophageal
- Stomach
- Enteropathy
- Liver
- Pancreatic
|
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| (L, 680–709) |
- Skin disease
- skin appendages
- Nail disease
- Hair disease
- Sweat gland disease
|
|
| (M, 710–739) |
- Musculoskeletal disorders: Myopathy
- Arthropathy
- Osteochondropathy
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|
| (N, 580–629) |
- Urologic disease
- Nephropathy
- Urinary bladder disease
- Male genital disease
- Breast disease
- Female genital disease
|
|
| (O, 630–679) |
- Complications of pregnancy
- Obstetric labor complication
- Puerperal disorder
|
|
| (P, 760–779) |
|
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| (Q, 740–759) |
|
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| (R, 780–799) |
|
|
| (S/T, 800–999) |
- Bone fracture
- Joint dislocation
- Sprain
- Strain
- Subluxation
- Head injury
- Chest trauma
- Poisoning
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|
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Consequences of external causes (T66–T78, 990–995)
|
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| Temperature/radiation |
- elevated temperature
- Hyperthermia
- Heat syncope
- reduced temperature
- Hypothermia
- Immersion foot syndromes
- Trench foot
- Tropical immersion foot
- Warm water immersion foot
- Chilblains
- Frostbite
- Aerosol burn
- Cold intolerance
- Acrocyanosis
- Erythrocyanosis crurum
- radiation
- Radiation poisoning
- Radiation burn
- Chronic radiation keratosis
- Eosinophilic, polymorphic, and pruritic eruption associated with radiotherapy
- Radiation acne
- Radiation cancer
- Radiation recall reaction
- Radiation-induced erythema multiforme
- Radiation-induced hypertrophic scar
- Radiation-induced keloid
- Radiation-induced morphea
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|
| Air |
- Hypoxia/Asphyxia
- Barotrauma
- Aerosinusitis
- Decompression sickness
- High altitude
- Altitude sickness
- Chronic mountain sickness
- HAPE
- HACE
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|
| Food |
|
|
| Maltreatment |
- Physical abuse
- Sexual abuse
- Psychological abuse
|
|
| Travel |
- Motion sickness
- Seasickness
- Airsickness
- Space adaptation syndrome
|
|
| Adverse effect |
- Hypersensitivity
- Anaphylaxis
- Angioedema
- Allergy
- Arthus reaction
|
|
| Other |
- Electric shock
- Drowning
- Lightning injury
|
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Ungrouped
skin conditions
resulting from
physical factors |
- Dermatosis neglecta
- Pinch mark
- Pseudoverrucous papules and nodules
- Sclerosing lymphangiitis
- Tropical anhidrotic asthenia
- UV-sensitive syndrome
- environmental skin conditions
- Electrical burn
- frictional/traumatic/sports
-
- Black heel and palm
- Equestrian perniosis
- Jogger's nipple
- Pulling boat hands
- Runner's rump
- Surfer's knots
- Tennis toe
- Vibration white finger
- Weathering nodule of ear
- Wrestler's ear
- Coral cut
- Painful fat herniation
- Uranium dermatosis
- iv use
-
- Skin pop scar
- Skin track
- Slap mark
- Pseudoacanthosis nigricans
- Narcotic dermopathy
|
|
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Immune disorders: Lymphoid and complement immunodeficiency (D80–D85, 279.0–4)
|
|
| Primary |
| Antibody/humoral (B) |
| Hypogammaglobulinemia |
- X-linked agammaglobulinemia
- Transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy
|
|
| Dysgammaglobulinemia |
- IgA deficiency
- IgG deficiency
- IgM deficiency
- Hyper IgM syndrome (1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5)
- Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
- Hyper-IgE syndrome
|
|
| Other |
- Common variable immunodeficiency
- ICF syndrome
|
|
|
| T cell deficiency (T) |
- thymic hypoplasia: hypoparathyroid (Di George's syndrome)
- euparathyroid (Nezelof syndrome
- Ataxia telangiectasia)
peripheral: Purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency
|
|
| Severe combined (B+T) |
- x-linked: X-SCID
autosomal: Adenosine deaminase deficiency
- Omenn syndrome
- ZAP70 deficiency
- Bare lymphocyte syndrome
|
|
|
| Acquired |
|
|
Leukopenia:
Lymphocytopenia |
- Idiopathic CD4+ lymphocytopenia
|
|
| Complement deficiency |
- C1-inhibitor (Angioedema/Hereditary angioedema)
- Complement 2 deficiency/Complement 4 deficiency
- MBL deficiency
- Properdin deficiency
- Complement 3 deficiency
- Terminal complement pathway deficiency
- Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
- Complement receptor deficiency
|
|
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Hypersensitivity and autoimmune diseases (279.5–6)
|
|
Type I/allergy/atopy
(IgE) |
| Foreign |
- Atopic eczema
- Allergic urticaria
- Allergic rhinitis (Hay fever)
- Allergic asthma
- Anaphylaxis
- Food allergy
- common allergies include: Milk
- Egg
- Peanut
- Tree nut
- Seafood
- Soy
- Wheat
- Penicillin allergy
|
|
| Autoimmune |
|
|
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Type II/ADCC
|
| Foreign |
- Hemolytic disease of the newborn
|
|
| Autoimmune |
| Cytotoxic |
- Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
- Immune thrombocytopenic purpura
- Bullous pemphigoid
- Pemphigus vulgaris
- Rheumatic fever
- Goodpasture's syndrome
- Guillain–Barré syndrome
|
|
| "Type V"/receptor |
- Graves' disease
- Myasthenia gravis
- Pernicious anemia
|
|
|
|
Type III
(Immune complex) |
| Foreign |
- Henoch–Schönlein purpura
- Hypersensitivity vasculitis
- Reactive arthritis
- Farmer's lung
- Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
- Serum sickness
- Arthus reaction
|
|
| Autoimmune |
- Systemic lupus erythematosus
- Subacute bacterial endocarditis
- Rheumatoid arthritis
|
|
|
Type IV/cell-mediated
(T cells) |
| Foreign |
- Allergic contact dermatitis
- Mantoux test
|
|
| Autoimmune |
- Diabetes mellitus type 1
- Hashimoto's thyroiditis
- Multiple sclerosis
- Coeliac disease
- Giant-cell arteritis
- Postorgasmic illness syndrome
- Reactive arthritis
|
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| GVHD |
- Transfusion-associated graft versus host disease
|
|
|
Unknown/
multiple |
| Foreign |
- Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
- Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
- Transplant rejection
- Latex allergy (I+IV)
|
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| Autoimmune |
- Sjögren's syndrome
- Autoimmune hepatitis
- Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome
- Autoimmune adrenalitis
- Systemic autoimmune disease
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- Biology portal
- Medicine portal
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Silencing the α2 Subunit of γ-aminobutyric Acid Type A Receptors in Rat Dorsal Root Ganglia Reveals Its Major Role in Antinociception Posttraumatic Nerve Injury.
- Obradovic AL1, Scarpa J, Osuru HP, Weaver JL, Park JY, Pathirathna S, Peterkin A, Lim Y, Jagodic MM, Todorovic SM, Jevtovic-Todorovic V.
- Anesthesiology.Anesthesiology.2015 Sep;123(3):654-67. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000767.
- BACKGROUND: Neuropathic pain (NPP) is likely the result of repetitive high-frequency bursts of peripheral afferent activity leading to long-lasting changes in synaptic plasticity in the spinal dorsal horn. Drugs that promote γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) activity in the dorsal horn provide partial rel
- PMID 26164299
- An Arabidopsis mutant of inositol pentakisphosphate 2-kinase AtIPK1 displays reduced arsenate tolerance.
- Sun Y1,2, Xu W1, Wu L3, Wang R3, He Z1, Ma M1.
- Plant, cell & environment.Plant Cell Environ.2015 Aug 12. doi: 10.1111/pce.12623. [Epub ahead of print]
- Arsenate [As(V)] toxicity is considered to be derived from similarities in the chemical properties of As(V) and phosphate (Pi). An Arabidopsis thaliana mutant of inositol pentakisphosphate 2-kinase (AtIPK1), atipk1-1, has previously exhibited lower level of phytate and higher level of Pi, relative t
- PMID 26264234
- CD1d knockout mice exhibit aggravated contact hypersensitivity responses due to reduced interleukin-10 production predominantly by regulatory B cells.
- Fjelbye J1, Antvorskov JC1, Buschard K1, Issazadeh-Navikas S2, Engkilde K1,3.
- Experimental dermatology.Exp Dermatol.2015 Jun 29. doi: 10.1111/exd.12792. [Epub ahead of print]
- Conflicting observations have been reported concerning the role of CD1d-dependent natural killer T (NKT) cells in contact hypersensitivity (CHS), supporting either a disease-promoting or downregulatory function. We studied the role of NKT cells in CHS by comparing the immune response in CD1d knockou
- PMID 26121177
Japanese Journal
- 消化器病学を駆使した機能性ディスペプシアの治療(機能性消化管障害の最適治療を求めて,2014年,第55回日本心身医学会総会ならびに学術講演会(千葉))
- 富永 和作,藤川 佳子,田中 史生 [他],谷川 徹也,渡辺 俊雄,藤原 靖弘,荒川 哲男
- 心身医学 55(3), 224-232, 2015-03-01
- 機能性ディスペプシア(functional dyspepsia:FD)の病態は,心身医学の側面からみて縁遠い位置にあるものではない.胃酸分泌や消化管運動などの消化管生理機能障害が関与しているが,これらの機能は脳腸相関を考慮すれば心理的側面からの制御も受けているからである.2014年に作成されたFD診療ガイドラインでは,その病態から治療までを網羅しているが完全なものではない.すべての患者において一元 …
- NAID 110009917683
- Lack of impact of high dietary vitamin A on T helper 2-dependent contact hypersensitivity to fluorescein isothiocyanate in mice
- Kobayashi Chie,Kurohane Kohta,Imai Yasuyuki
- Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin advpub(0), 2015
- … We have been studying a fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-induced contact hypersensitivity (CHS) mouse model that involves Th2-type immunity. …
- NAID 130005094020
- The axhs1/dwf4 auxin-hypersensitive mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana defines a link for integration of auxin and brassinosteroid mediated root elongation
- Nagase Taisuke,Takase Hisabumi,Sekiya Jiro,Prieto Rafael
- Plant Biotechnology 32(2), 125-137, 2015
- … Analysis of the expression of the DR5:GUS and HS:AXR3NT-GUS reporter genes in wild type and axhs1 genotypes, and characterization of double mutants between axhs1 and mutants affected in auxin biosynthesis (wei2-1), auxin transport (aux1-7, eir1-1) and auxin signal transduction (tir1-1, axr1-3, axr2-1) indicate that auxin hypersensitivity in axhs1 is mediated by the auxin-signaling pathway and an AUX1, EIR1/PIN2 dependent auxin uptake. …
- NAID 130005085997
Related Links
- A Type V hypersensitivity reaction occurs when IgG class antibodies directed towards cell surface receptors have either a stimulating or inhibitory effect on their target. [1] Grave's disease is an example of this type of hypersensitivity ...
- Introduction to Type V Hypersensitivity Reaction and related diseases. ... Rahul's Noteblog Notes on Immunology Type V Hypersensitivity Reaction What is Type V Hypersensitivity Reaction? • These reactions occur when IgG ...
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