WordNet

relating to or being the keynote of a major or minor scale; "tonic harmony"
a medicine that strengthens and invigorates (同)restorative
(music) the first note of a diatonic scale (同)keynote
lime- or lemon-flavored carbonated water containing quinine (同)tonic_water, quinine water
used of syllables; "a tonic syllables carries the main stress in a word" (同)accented
employing variations in pitch to distinguish meanings of otherwise similar words; "Chinese is a tonal language" (同)tonal
of or relating to or producing normal tone or tonus in muscles or tissue; "a tonic reflex"; "tonic muscle contraction"
the act of vibrating (同)quiver, quivering
a distinctive emotional aura experienced instinctively; "that place gave me bad vibrations"; "it gave me a nostalgic vibe" (同)vibe
an automatic instinctive unlearned reaction to a stimulus (同)reflex response, reflex action, instinctive reflex, innate reflex, inborn reflex, unconditioned_reflex, physiological reaction
(of leaves) bent downward and outward more than 90 degrees

PrepTutorEJDIC

強壮剤;養毛剤,ヘアトニック / (精神的に)元気付けるもの / =tonic water / 主音(音階の中心となる第1音) / 強壮にする,元気付ける / 音調の / (音楽で)主音の
〈U〉震え,振動 / 〈C〉〈U〉(物理学で)振動 / 〈C〉《複数形で》(またvibes)《話》(人・状況などから受ける)感じ,直感
反射(刺激に対する無意識の反応) / 《複数形で》反射的な動き / (光などの)反射,反射光;映像 / 反射性の / (カメラが)レフ鋼の,反射型の
(重量単位の)『トン』 / (容積単位の)トン(物によって異なり,木材では40立方フィート,小麦では20立方フィート) / 《話》大量(の…),多数(の…)《+of+名》

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/04/09 01:42:31」(JST)

wiki en

Tonic vibration reflex is a sustained contraction of a muscle subjected to vibration. This reflex is caused by vibratory activation of muscle spindles — muscle receptors sensitive to stretch.

Tonic vibration reflex is evoked by placing a vibrator — which in this case is typically an electrical motor with an eccentric load on its shaft — on a muscle's tendon. 30–100 Hz vibration activates receptors of the skin, tendons and, most importantly, muscle spindles. Muscle spindle discharges are sent to the spinal cord through afferent nerve fibers, where they activate monosynaptic and polysynaptic reflex arcs, causing the muscle to contract.

The effects of sustained vibratory stimulation on muscle contraction, posture and kinesthetic perceptions are much more complex than merely contraction of the muscle being vibrated.

Russian scientists Victor Gurfinkel, Mikhail Lebedev, Andrew Polyakov and Yuri Levick used vibratory stimulation to study human posture control and spectral characteristics of electromyographic (EMG) activity.

References

Gurfinkel, V.S., Lebedev, M.A., Levick, Yu. S. (1992). "What about the so-called neck reflexes in humans?". In Bertoz, A., Graf, W., Vidal, P.P. The Head-Neck Sensory Motor System. Oxford University Press. pp. 543–7.
Gurfinkel' VS, Lebedev MA, Levik IuS (1992). "[Switching effect in the system of equilibrium regulation in man]". Neirofiziologiia (in Russian) 24 (4): 462–70. PMID 1436211. English Translation
Gurfinkel', V. S.; Lebedev, M. A.; Levik, Yu. S. (1993). "Effects of reversal in the human equilibrium regulation system". Neurophysiology 24 (4): 297–304. doi:10.1007/BF01057332.
Lebedev MA, Polyakov AV (1992). "Analysis of surface EMG of human soleus muscle subjected to vibration". J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2 (1): 26–35. doi:10.1016/1050-6411(92)90005-4. PMID 20870524.
Gurfinkel, V.S., Levick, Yu. S. Lebedev, M.A. (1991). "Body scheme concept and motor control. Body scheme in the postural automatisms regulation". Intellectual Processes and Their Modelling. Moscow: Nauka. pp. 24–53.
Lebedev MA, Poliakov AV (1991). "[Analysis of the interference electromyogram of human soleus muscle after exposure to vibration]". Neirofiziologiia (in Russian) 23 (1): 57–65. PMID 2034299. English Translation
Lebedev, M. A.; Polyakov, A. V. (1991). "Analysis of the interference electromyogram of the human soleus muscle under vibrational stimulation". Neurophysiology 23: 47–54. doi:10.1007/BF01052289.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 成人における詳細な神経学的検査 the detailed neurologic examination in adults
2. 幼児および小児における精密な神経学的評価 detailed neurologic assessment of infants and children
3. 糖尿病性多発性神経障害の臨床症状および診断 clinical manifestations and diagnosis of diabetic polyneuropathy
4. 成人における多発性硬化症の臨床的特徴 clinical features of multiple sclerosis in adults
5. 神経伝導検査の概要 overview of nerve conduction studies

English Journal

Functioning of peripheral Ia pathways in leg muscles of newly walking toddlers.

Lee do K1, Ulrich BD2.
Human movement science.Hum Mov Sci.2015 Apr;40:193-210. doi: 10.1016/j.humov.2014.12.007. Epub 2015 Jan 19.
Monosynaptic and polysynaptic spinal level reflexes in the leg muscles of infants show significant dispersion across muscles, high variability, and no change in response patterns over the first 10months. Here we tested the hypothesized relation between early walking experience and the tuning of thes
PMID 25613011

A single bout of exercise with a flexible pole induces significant cardiac autonomic responses in healthy men.

Ogata CM1, Navega MT1, Abreu LC2, Ferreira C3, Cardoso MA4, Raimundo RD4, Ribeiro VL3, Valenti VE2.
Clinics (São Paulo, Brazil).Clinics (Sao Paulo).2014 Sep;69(9):595-600.
OBJECTIVES: Flexible poles can provide rapid eccentric and concentric muscle contractions. Muscle vibration is associated with a "tonic vibration reflex" that is stimulated by a sequence of rapid muscle stretching, activation of the muscle spindles and stimulation of a response that is similar to th
PMID 25318090

In the unloaded lower leg, vibration extrudes venous blood out of the calf muscles probably by direct acceleration and without arterial vasodilation.

Zange J1, Molitor S, Illbruck A, Müller K, Schönau E, Kohl-Bareis M, Rittweger J.
European journal of applied physiology.Eur J Appl Physiol.2014 May;114(5):1005-12. doi: 10.1007/s00421-014-2834-9. Epub 2014 Feb 7.
PURPOSE: During vibration of the whole unloaded lower leg, effects on capillary blood content and blood oxygenation were measured in the calf muscle. The hypotheses predicted extrusion of venous blood by a tonic reflex contraction and that reactive hyperaemia could be observed after vibration.METHOD
PMID 24504654

Japanese Journal

Whole Body Vibration が筋活動に及ぼす影響 : 筋電図学的検討

東原綾子,櫻井敬晋,井上夏香 [他],板垣香里,荒木恵,上田由紀子,福林徹
日本臨床スポーツ医学会誌 = The journal of Japanese Society of Clinical Sports Medicine 17(1), 76-83, 2009-01-30
NAID 10025220651

神経振動子を用いた4足歩行ロボット「鉄犬4」による不整地動的旋回運動の実現(機械力学,計測,自動制御)

福岡泰宏,木村浩
日本機械学會論文集. C編 72(724), 3848-3854, 2006-12-25
… The neural system model consists of a CPG (central pattern generator), stretch reflex center, other reflexes and responses. … In addition, Tekken4 autonomously adapts the phase difference between right and left legs by rolling motion feedback to CPGs so called "tonic labyrinthine response". …
NAID 110006153476

機械的条件刺激を用いた筋電図平均加算法によるヒト母指球筋から橈側手根伸筋への促通の解析

小川恵一,鈴木克彦,藤井浩美[他] [他],オガワケイイチ,スズキカツヒコ,フジイヒロミ,Ogawa Keiichi,Suzuki Katsuhiko,Fujii Hiromi
山形大学紀要. 医学 : 山形医学 23(2), 107-115, 2005-08-15
… キーワード：促通、母指球筋、橈側手根伸筋、叩打刺激、筋電図平均加算法　Our previous study using an electromyogram-averaging (EMG-A) method with electrical conditioning stimulation (ES) showed effects of an excitatory spinal reflex arc (facilitation) from the median nerve innervating hand muscles (MIH) to the extensor carpi radialis (ECR) in humans. …
NAID 110002250942