WordNet
- relatively dense in consistency; "thick cream"; "thick soup"; "thick smoke"; "thick fog"
- (of darkness) very intense; "thick night"; "thick darkness"; "a face in deep shadow"; "deep night" (同)deep
- in quick succession; "misfortunes come fast and thick" (同)thickly
- abounding; having a lot of; "the top was thick with dust"
- having component parts closely crowded together; "a compact shopping center"; "a dense population"; "thick crowds"; "a thick forest"; "thick hair"
- not thin; of a specific thickness or of relatively great extent from one surface to the opposite usually in the smallest of the three solid dimensions; "an inch thick"; "a thick board"; "a thick sandwich"; "spread a thick layer of butter"; "thick coating of dust"; "thick warm blankets"
- any of the main branches arising from the trunk or a bough of a tree (同)tree branch
- either of the two halves of a bow from handle to tip; "the upper limb of the bow"
- the graduated arc that is attached to an instrument for measuring angles; "the limb of the sextant"
- (astronomy) the circumferential edge of the apparent disc of the sun or the moon or a planet
- one of the jointed appendages of an animal used for locomotion or grasping: arm; leg; wing; flipper
- moving or going or growing upward; "the ascending plane"; "the ascending staircase"; "the ascending stems of chickweed"
- having or as if having limbs, especially limbs of a specified kind (usually used in combination); "strong-limbed"
- Chinese distance measure; approximately 0.5 kilometers
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 『厚い』,分厚い;『太い』 / 《数量を表す名詞の後に用いて》『厚さ…の』,太さ…の / (液体・気体が)『濃い』,濃厚な / 『密な』,密生した,密集した / (なまりが)著しい,ひどい / (声が)はっきりしない,かすれた / (頭が)重い,ぼんやりした / 《話》ばかな,愚かな / 《話》親密な;(…と)親して《+with+名》 / 《補語にのみ用いて》(…で)いっぱいの,満ちた《+with+名》 / 『厚く』,分厚く,濃く,密に / 《the ~》(…)最も厚い(太い,濃い,密な)部分《+of+名》 / 《the ~》(活動などの)たけなわ,まっただ中《+of+名》
- (動物の)『手足』;(鳥の)翼 / (木の)大枝
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/09/27 10:46:14」(JST)
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- 1. Chapter 4A：ヘンレループにおける輸送の細胞モデル chapter 4a cell model for loop of henle transport
- 2. 小児におけるむずむず脚（レストレスレッグス）症候群と周期性四肢運動障害 restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder in children
- 3. 膝窩動脈瘤の手術および血管内修復 surgical and endovascular repair of popliteal artery aneurysm
- 4. 乳児および小児における心不全のマネージメント management of heart failure in infants and children
- 5. 末梢動脈疾患（PAD）の疫学、危険因子、および自然経過 epidemiology risk factors and natural history of peripheral artery disease
English Journal
- Ultrastructure of Mitochondria and Endoplasmic Reticulum in Renal Tubules of Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rats.
- He X1, Liu Y, Usa K, Tian Z, Cowley AW Jr, Liang M.Author information 11Medical College of Wisconsin.AbstractMetabolic and functional abnormalities in the kidney precede or coincide with the initiation of overt hypertension in the Dahl salt-sensitive SS rat. However, renal histological injury in SS rats is mild before the development of overt hypertension. We performed electron microscopy analysis in 7 week old SS rats and salt-insensitive consomic SS.13BN rats and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats fed a 4% NaCl diet for 7 days. Long mitochondria (>2μm) accounted for a significantly smaller fraction of mitochondria in medullary thick ascending limbs in SS rats (4% ± 1%) than in SS.13BN rats (8% ± 1%, P<0.05 vs. SS) and SD rats (9% ± 1%, P<0.01 vs. SS), consistent with previous findings of mitochondrial functional insufficiency in the medulla of SS rats. Long mitochondria in proximal tubules, however, were more abundant in SS rats than in SS.13BN and SD rats. The width of endoplasmic reticulum, an index of endoplasmic reticulum stress, was significantly greater in medullary thick ascending limbs of SS rats (107 ± 1 nm) than SS.13BN rats (95 ± 2 nm, P<0.001 vs. SS) and SD rats (74 ± 3 nm, P<0.01 vs. SS or SS.13BN). The tubules examined were indistinguishable under light microscopy. These data indicate that ultrastructural abnormalities occur in the medullary thick ascending limbs of SS rats prior to the development of histological injury in renal tubules, providing a potential structural basis contributing to subsequent development of overt hypertension.
- American journal of physiology. Renal physiology.Am J Physiol Renal Physiol.2014 Apr 2. [Epub ahead of print]
- Metabolic and functional abnormalities in the kidney precede or coincide with the initiation of overt hypertension in the Dahl salt-sensitive SS rat. However, renal histological injury in SS rats is mild before the development of overt hypertension. We performed electron microscopy analysis in 7 wee
- PMID 24694587
- Functional consequences of NKCC2 splice isoforms: insights from a Xenopus oocyte model.
- Lu L1, Fraser JA.Author information 1Physiological Laboratory, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK. jaf21@cam.ac.uk.AbstractThe Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) cotransporter NKCC2 is exclusively expressed in the renal thick ascending limb (TAL), where it exists as three main splice isoforms, NKCC2B, NKCC2A, and NKCC2F, with the latter two predominating. NKCC2A is expressed in both medullary and cortical TAL, but NKCC2F localizes to the medullary TAL. The biochemical characteristics of the isoforms have been extensively studied by ion uptake studies in Xenopus oocytes, but the functional consequences of alternative splicing remain unclear. We developed a charge-difference model of an NKCC2-transfected oocyte. The model closely recapitulated existing data from ion-uptake experiments. This allowed the reconciliation of different apparent Km values reported by various groups, which have hitherto either been attributed to species differences or remained unexplained. Instead, simulations showed that apparent Na(+) and Cl(-) dependencies are influenced by the ambient K(+) or Rb(+) bath concentrations, which differed between experimental protocols. At steady state, under bath conditions similar to the outer medulla, NKCC2F mediated greater Na(+) reabsorption than NKCC2A. Furthermore, Na(+) reabsorption by the NKCC2F-transfected oocyte was more energy efficient, as quantified by JNKCC/JPump. Both the increased Na(+) reabsorption and the increased efficiency were eroded as osmolarity decreased toward levels observed in the cortical TAL. This supports the hypothesis that the NKCC2F is a medullary specialization of NKCC2 and demonstrates the utility of modeling in analyzing the functional implications of ion uptake data at physiologically relevant steady states.
- American journal of physiology. Renal physiology.Am J Physiol Renal Physiol.2014 Apr;306(7):F710-20. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00369.2013. Epub 2014 Jan 29.
- The Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) cotransporter NKCC2 is exclusively expressed in the renal thick ascending limb (TAL), where it exists as three main splice isoforms, NKCC2B, NKCC2A, and NKCC2F, with the latter two predominating. NKCC2A is expressed in both medullary and cortical TAL, but NKCC2F localizes to th
- PMID 24477685
- Claudin-14 Underlies Ca++-Sensing Receptor-Mediated Ca++ Metabolism via NFAT-microRNA-Based Mechanisms.
- Gong Y1, Hou J.Author information 1Department of Internal Medicine, Renal Division and.AbstractPathologic dysregulation of extracellular calcium metabolism is difficult to correct. The extracellular Ca(++)-sensing receptor (CaSR), a G protein-coupled receptor that regulates renal Ca(++) handling through changes in paracellular channel permeability in the thick ascending limb, has emerged as an effective pharmacological candidate for managing calcium metabolism. However, manipulation of CaSR at the systemic level causes promiscuous effects in the parathyroid glands, kidneys, and other tissues, and the mechanisms by which CaSR regulates paracellular transport in the kidney remain unknown. Here, we describe a CaSR-NFATc1-microRNA-claudin-14 signaling pathway in the kidney that underlies paracellular Ca(++) reabsorption through the tight junction. With CaSR-specific pharmacological reagents, we show that the in vivo gene expression of claudin-14 is regulated through a transcriptional mechanism mediated by NFATc1-microRNA and associated chromatin remodeling. Transgenic knockout and overexpression approaches showed that claudin-14 is required for CaSR-regulated renal Ca(++) metabolism. Together, our results define an important signaling cascade that, when dysregulated, may mediate Ca(++) imbalance through changes in tight junction permeability.
- Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN.J Am Soc Nephrol.2014 Apr;25(4):745-60. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2013050553. Epub 2013 Dec 12.
- Pathologic dysregulation of extracellular calcium metabolism is difficult to correct. The extracellular Ca(++)-sensing receptor (CaSR), a G protein-coupled receptor that regulates renal Ca(++) handling through changes in paracellular channel permeability in the thick ascending limb, has emerged as a
- PMID 24335970
Japanese Journal
- 腎機能の生後発達
- 森本 哲司
- 日本小児腎臓病学会雑誌 26(1), 70-75, 2013
- 腎臓は，水・電解質の調節機構の主役として，さまざまな生理的役割を果たしているが，胎生期は，その役割の多くの部分を胎盤が担っている。しかし，出生とともに著しい体外環境変化が生じるため，腎機能はこれにすばやく対応する必要がある。例えば，出生時の体表面積あたりの糸球体濾過率(GFR)は成人の20%，生後2週間で40%，生後2か月には50%となり，1～2歳ごろにほぼ成人レベルに達することが知られている。 …
- NAID 130003384541
- Renal outer medullary potassium channel knockout models reveal thick ascending limb function and dysfunction
- WANG Tong
- Clinical and experimental nephrology 16(1), 49-54, 2012-02-01
- NAID 10030342558
- 残腎機能を有する腹膜透析患者に対するシナカルセト投与時のMg, K代謝に及ぼす影響
- 柴田 佳菜子,伊藤 恭彦,水野 正司 [他],鈴木 康弘,平松 英樹,伊藤 功,戸田 晋,丸山 彰一,松尾 清一
- 日本透析医学会雑誌 = Journal of Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy 44(10), 1007-1013, 2011-10-28
- 二次性副甲状腺機能亢進症（2°HPT）の治療薬であるシナカルセトは副甲状腺のカルシウムセンシングレセプター（CaSR）に結合することにより，副甲状腺ホルモン（PTH）の分泌を抑制する．CaSRは副甲状腺のみならず，腎臓や骨，脳など全身に発現している．腎臓では，ヘンレループの上行脚や集合管に発現しているため，CaSRを介したマグネシウム（Mg），カリウム（K）代謝への影響が考えられる．腹膜透析（PD …
- NAID 10029861706
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
| リンク元 | 「太い上行脚」 |
| 拡張検索 | 「cortical thick ascending limb」「thick ascending limb of loop of Henle」 |
| 関連記事 | 「ascending」「thick」「limb」 |
「太い上行脚」
- 英
- thick ascending limb, TAL
- 同
- 太いヘンレループ上行脚 ascending thick limb of Henle's loop thick ascending limb of loop of Henle
- 関
- 遠位尿細管、ヘンレ係蹄、ヘンレループ、尿細管
「cortical thick ascending limb」
- 同
- CTAL,cTAL
- Na-K-Cl transporterが存在
「thick ascending limb of loop of Henle」
「ascending」
- adj.
- 上行性の、上行する、上向きの、上昇する
「thick」
- adj.
「limb」
- n.