上小脳脚
WordNet
- of or characteristic of high rank or importance; "a superior ruler"
- one of greater rank or station or quality (同)higher-up, superordinate
- the head of a religious community
- (often followed by `to'
- (sometimes followed by `to'
- having an orbit farther from the sun than the Earths orbit; "Mars and Jupiter are the closest in of the superior planets"
- of high or superior quality or performance; "superior wisdom derived from experience"; "superior math students"
- stalk bearing an inflorescence or solitary flower
- the thin process of tissue that attaches a polyp to the body
- a bundle of myelinated neurons joining different parts of the brain (同)cerebral_peduncle
- a town in northwest Wisconsin on Lake Superior across from Duluth
- relating to or associated with the cerebellum; "cerebellar artery"
PrepTutorEJDIC
- (程度・質が)『普通(平均)以上に優れた』,優秀な / (地位・階級などが)『上位の』,上級の,目上の / (数量的に)勝る,優勢な / (用動が)偉ぶった,高慢な / 《補語にのみ用いて》(…に)屈しない,動じない《+to+名》 / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》(動・植物の器官や部分が)上位の,上についている / (地位・階級などが)『上位の人』,上役,上司,先輩 / 『いっそう優れた人』 / 《しばしば S-》修道院長
- 花柄 / (クラゲ・エビなどの)柄
- スペリオル湖(lake~;北米五大湖中で最北最大のもの)
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/07/05 17:18:34」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
| Superior cerebellar peduncle |
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Sagittal section of the cerebellum, near the junction of the vermis with the hemisphere. (Superior peduncle labeled at upper right.)
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Dissection showing the projection fibers of the cerebellum. (Superior peduncle labeled at center top.)
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| Details |
| Identifiers |
| Latin |
pedunculus cerebellaris superior |
| NeuroNames |
ancil-1289712953 |
| NeuroLex ID |
Superior cerebellar peduncles |
Dorlands
/Elsevier |
p_10/12622535 |
| TA |
A14.1.05.006
A14.1.07.417
A14.1.08.678
A14.1.06.009
A14.1.06.216 |
| FMA |
72495 |
| Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy
[edit on Wikidata]
|
In the human brain, the superior cerebellar peduncle (brachium conjunctivum) is a paired structure of white matter that connects the cerebellum to the midbrain. It consists mainly of efferent fibers, the cerebellothalamic tract that runs from a cerebellar hemisphere to the contralateral thalamus, and the cerebellorubral tract that runs from a cerebellar hemisphere to the red nucleus. It also contains afferent tracts, most prominent of which is the ventral spinocerebellar tract. Other afferent tracts are the trigeminothalamic fibers, tectocerebellar fibers, and noradrenergic fibers from the locus coeruleus. The superior peduncle emerges from the upper and medial parts of the white matter of each hemisphere[citation needed] and is placed under cover of the upper part of the cerebellum.
Contents
- 1 Structure
- 2 Additional images
- 3 External links
- 4 References
Structure
Superior cerebellar peduncles are connected together by the anterior medullary velum, which can be followed upward as far as the inferior colliculi, under which they disappear.
Below, they form the upper lateral boundaries of the fourth ventricle, but as they ascend they converge on the dorsal aspect of the ventricle and thus assist in forming its roof.
Decussation
Deep dissection of brain-stem showing decussation
The decussation of superior cerebellar peduncle is the crossing of fibers of the superior cerebellar peduncle across the midline, and is located at the level of the inferior colliculi. It comprises the cerebellothalamic tract, which arises from the dentate nucleus (therefore also known as dentatothalamic tract), as well as the cerebellorubral tract, which arises from the globose and emboliform nuclei and project to the contralateral red nucleus to eventually become the rubrospinal tract. It is also known as horseshoe-shaped commissure of Wernekinck.[1] It is important as an anatomical landmark, as lesions above it cause contralateral cerebellar signs, while lesions below it cause ipsilateral cerebellar signs.
Additional images
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Scheme showing the connections of the several parts of the brain.
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Superficial dissection of brain-stem. Lateral view.
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Coronal section of the pons, at its upper part.
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Sagittal section through right cerebellar hemisphere. The right olive has also been cut sagittally.
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Dissection showing the course of the cerebrospinal fibers.
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Upper part of medulla spinalis and hind- and mid-brains; posterior aspect, exposed in situ.
External links
- Atlas image: n2a7p6 at the University of Michigan Health System
- Atlas image: n2a7p4 at the University of Michigan Health System
- http://isc.temple.edu/neuroanatomy/lab/atlas/micn/
- http://www.neuroanatomy.wisc.edu/Bs97/TEXT/P18/sum.htm
- NIF Search - Decussation of superior cerebellar peduncle via the Neuroscience Information Framework
References
This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)
- ^ Voogd J, van Baarsen K (February 2014). "The horseshoe-shaped commissure of Wernekinck or the decussation of the brachium conjunctivum methodological changes in the 1840s". N. Cerebellum. 13 (1): 113–20. PMID 24078481. doi:10.1007/s12311-013-0520-9.
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Anatomy of the cerebellum
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| Surface |
| Lobes |
- Anterior lobe
- Posterior lobe
- Flocculonodular lobe
- Primary fissure
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| Medial/lateral |
- Vermis: anterior
- Central lobule
- Culmen
- Lingula
- posterior
- Vallecula of cerebellum
- Hemisphere: anterior
- posterior
- Biventer lobule
- Cerebellar tonsil
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| Grey matter |
| Deep cerebellar nuclei |
- Dentate
- interposed
- Fastigial
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| Cerebellar cortex |
- Molecular layer
- Stellate cell
- Basket cell
- Purkinje cell layer
- Purkinje cell
- Bergmann glia cell = Golgi epithelial cell
- Granule cell layer
- Golgi cell
- Granule cell
- Unipolar brush cell
- Fibers: Mossy fibers
- Climbing fiber
- Parallel fiber
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| White matter |
| Internal |
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| Peduncles |
- Inferior (medulla): Dorsal spinocerebellar tract
- Olivocerebellar tract
- Cuneocerebellar tract
- Juxtarestiform body (Vestibulocerebellar tract)
- Trigeminocerebellar fibers
- Middle (pons): Pontocerebellar fibers
- Superior (midbrain): Ventral spinocerebellar tract
- Dentatothalamic tract
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Anatomy of the midbrain
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Tectum
(Dorsal) |
| Surface |
- Corpora quadrigemina:
- Inferior colliculus
- Superior colliculus
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| Grey matter |
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| White: Sensory/ascending |
- Spinotectal tract
- Central tegmental tract
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| White: Motor/descending |
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Peduncle
(Ventral) |
| Tegmentum |
| White: Sensory/ascending |
- Lemnisci
- Ascending MLF
- Vestibulo-oculomotor fibers
- Spinothalamic tract
- Anterior trigeminothalamic tract
- Dentatothalamic tract
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| White: Motor/descending |
- Rubrospinal tract
- Rubro-olivary tract
- Descending MLF
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| Grey: cranial nuclei |
- GSA
- Mesencephalic- GSE
- Oculomotor nucleus, Trochlear nucleus- GVE
- Edinger–Westphal nucleus
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| Grey: other |
- Periaqueductal gray
- Raphe nuclei
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- Ventral tegmental area
- Rostromedial tegmental nucleus
- Pedunculopontine nucleus
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- Red nucleus
- Rostral interstitial nucleus of medial longitudinal fasciculus
- Parabrachial area
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- Interpeduncular nucleus
- Midbrain reticular formation
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| Ventricular system |
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| Base |
| White: Motor/descending |
- Cerebral crus: Corticospinal tract
- Corticobulbar tract
- Corticopontine tract/Frontopontine fibers/Temporopontine fibers
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| Grey: Substantia nigra |
- Pars compacta
- Pars reticulata
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| Surface |
- Superior cerebellar peduncle
- Interpeduncular fossa
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Brain and spinal cord: neural tracts and fasciculi
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Sensory/
ascending |
| PCML |
| 1°: |
- Pacinian corpuscle/Meissner's corpuscle → Posterior column (Gracile fasciculus/Cuneate fasciculus) → Gracile nucleus/Cuneate nucleus
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| 2°: |
- → sensory decussation/arcuate fibers (Posterior external arcuate fibers, Internal arcuate fibers) → Medial lemniscus/Trigeminal lemniscus → Thalamus (VPL, VPM)
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| 3°: |
- → Posterior limb of internal capsule → Postcentral gyrus
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Anterolateral/
pain |
| Fast/lateral |
- 1° (Free nerve ending → A delta fiber) → 2° (Anterior white commissure → Lateral and Anterior Spinothalamic tract → Spinal lemniscus → VPL of Thalamus) → 3° (Postcentral gyrus) → 4° (Posterior parietal cortex)
2° (Spinomesencephalic tract → Superior colliculus of Midbrain tectum)
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| Slow/medial |
- 1° (Group C nerve fiber → Spinoreticular tract → Reticular formation) → 2° (MD of Thalamus) → 3° (Cingulate cortex)
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Motor/
descending |
| Pyramidal |
- flexion: Primary motor cortex → Posterior limb of internal capsule → Decussation of pyramids → Corticospinal tract (Lateral, Anterior) → Neuromuscular junction
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| Extrapyramidal |
| flexion: |
- Primary motor cortex → Genu of internal capsule → Corticobulbar tract → Facial motor nucleus → Facial muscles
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| flexion: |
- Red nucleus → Rubrospinal tract
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| extension: |
- Vestibulocerebellum → Vestibular nuclei → Vestibulospinal tract
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| extension: |
- Vestibulocerebellum → Reticular formation → Reticulospinal tract
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- Midbrain tectum → Tectospinal tract → muscles of neck
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| Basal ganglia |
| direct: |
1° (Motor cortex → Striatum) → 2° (GPi) → 3° (Lenticular fasciculus/Ansa lenticularis → Thalamic fasciculus → VL of Thalamus) → 4° (Thalamocortical radiations → Supplementary motor area) → 5° (Motor cortex)
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| indirect: |
1° (Motor cortex → Striatum) → 2° (GPe) → 3° (Subthalamic fasciculus → Subthalamic nucleus) → 4° (Subthalamic fasciculus → GPi) → 5° (Lenticular fasciculus/Ansa lenticularis → Thalamic fasciculus → VL of Thalamus) → 6° (Thalamocortical radiations → Supplementary motor area) → 7° (Motor cortex)
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| nigrostriatal pathway: |
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| Cerebellar |
| Afferent |
- Vestibular nuclei → Vestibulocerebellar tract → ICP → Cerebellum → Granule cell
- Pontine nuclei → Pontocerebellar fibers → MCP → Deep cerebellar nuclei → Granule cell
- Inferior olivary nucleus → Olivocerebellar tract → ICP → Hemisphere → Purkinje cell → Deep cerebellar nuclei
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| Efferent |
- Dentate nucleus in Lateral hemisphere/pontocerebellum → SCP → Dentatothalamic tract → Thalamus (VL) → Motor cortex
- Interposed nucleus in Intermediate hemisphere/spinocerebellum → SCP → Reticular formation, or → Cerebellothalamic tract → Red nucleus → Thalamus (VL) → Motor cortex
- Fastigial nucleus in Flocculonodular lobe/vestibulocerebellum → Vestibulocerebellar tract → Vestibular nuclei
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Bidirectional:
Spinocerebellar |
Unconscious
proprioception |
- lower limb → 1° (muscle spindles → DRG) → 2° (Posterior thoracic nucleus → Dorsal/posterior spinocerebellar tract → ICP → Cerebellar vermis)
- upper limb → 1° (muscle spindles → DRG) → 2° (Accessory cuneate nucleus → Cuneocerebellar tract → ICP → Anterior lobe of cerebellum)
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| Reflex arc |
- lower limb → 1° (Golgi tendon organ) → 2° (Ventral/anterior spinocerebellar tract→ SCP → Cerebellar vermis)
- upper limb → 1° (Golgi tendon organ) → 2° (Rostral spinocerebellar tract → ICP → Cerebellum)
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Lateral hypothalamic area mediated the protective effects of microinjection of glutamate into interpositus nucleus on gastric ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.
- Zhu SP, Fei SJ, Zhang JF, Zhu JZ, Li Y, Liu ZB, Qiao X, Li TT.SourceDepartment of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China; Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical College, 84 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China.
- Neuroscience letters.Neurosci Lett.2012 Sep 6;525(1):39-43. Epub 2012 Jul 27.
- We investigated the protective effects of chemical stimulation of cerebellar interpositus nucleus (IN) on gastric ischemia-reperfusion injury (GI-RI) and its possible regulatory mechanisms in rats. Gastric mucosal damage index (GMDI) indicated the severity of gastric mucosal injuries. Transferase dU
- PMID 22842393
- White matter abnormalities in children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder: a diffusion tensor imaging study.
- Jayarajan RN, Venkatasubramanian G, Viswanath B, Reddy YC, Srinath S, Vasudev MK, Chandrashekar CR.SourceDepartment of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.
- Depression and anxiety.Depress Anxiety.2012 Sep;29(9):780-8. doi: 10.1002/da.21890. Epub 2012 Feb 9.
- BACKGROUND: There is paucity of data on white matter (WM) abnormalities in juvenile obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). This study aimed to identify WMmicrostructure changes in juvenile OCD.METHODS: Fifteen children and adolescents with OCDand 15 matched healthy controls underwent diffusion tensor
- PMID 22323419
Japanese Journal
- 拡散テンソル画像が病態理解に有用であった両側性小脳性運動性失調で発症した中脳正中部梗塞の1例
- VEMP 所見異常と治療による回復を認めた中枢神経系脱髄疾患の一症例
Related Links
- Looking for online definition of superior cerebellar peduncle in the Medical Dictionary? superior cerebellar peduncle explanation free. What is superior cerebellar peduncle? Meaning of superior cerebellar peduncle medical term ? ...
- Contents Anatomy Point: 18. Superior cerebellar peduncle Function: Principle efferent (out of) pathway of the cerebellum. Plays a major role in the coordination of the IPSI. arm and leg. Pathway: Cells in the deep ...
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- superior cerebellar peduncle (KH)
- ラ
- pedunculus cerebellaris superior
- 同
- 結合腕 brachium conjunctivum
- 関
- 上小脳脚交叉、赤核
[★]
- 関
- dominance、dominant、dominantly、epi、epistasis、epistatic、excellent、good、predominately、senior、superio、superiorly、supra
[★]
- 関
- epi、epistasis、epistatic、senior、superior、supra
[★]
- 関
- leg、lower extremity、pedunculi、pedunculus
[★]
- 関
- cerebelli、cerebellum