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(biology) a branching or armlike part of an animal

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/11/10 09:45:20」(JST)

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The superior cerebellar peduncle (brachium conjunctivum) is one of the structures that connect the cerebellum to the midbrain. It consists mainly of efferent fibers from the cerebellum to the thalamus^{[citation needed]} and red nucleus. It also contains fibers of the ventral spinocerebellar tract (afferent to the cerebellum). The superior peduncle emerges from the upper and medial part of the white matter of each hemisphere^{[citation needed]} and is placed under cover of the upper part of the cerebellum.

Structure

Superior cerebellar peduncles are connected together by the anterior medullary velum, which can be followed upward as far as the inferior colliculi, under which they disappear.

Below, they form the upper lateral boundaries of the fourth ventricle, but as they ascend they converge on the dorsal aspect of the ventricle and thus assist in forming its roof.

Decussation

Deep dissection of brain-stem showing decussation

The decussation of superior cerebellar peduncle is crossing of the superior cerebellar peduncle into the midbrain. It comprises the cerebellothalamic tract, which arises from the dentate nucleus (therefore also known as dentatothalamic tract), as well as the cerebellorubral tract, which arises from the globose and emboliform nuclei and project to the contralateral red nucleus to eventually become the rubrospinal tract. It is also known as horseshoe-shaped commissure of Wernekinck.^[1] It is important as an anatomical landmark, as lesions above it cause contralateral cerebellar signs, while lesions below it cause ipsilateral cerebellar signs.

Function

The ventral spinocerebellar tract enters the cerebellum through the superior cerebellar peduncles, which otherwise mostly contain efferent fibres.

Additional images

Scheme showing the connections of the several parts of the brain.
Superficial dissection of brain-stem. Lateral view.
Coronal section of the pons, at its upper part.
Sagittal section through right cerebellar hemisphere. The right olive has also been cut sagittally.
Dissection showing the course of the cerebrospinal fibers.
Upper part of medulla spinalis and hind- and mid-brains; posterior aspect, exposed in situ.

External links

Atlas image: n2a7p6 at the University of Michigan Health System
Atlas image: n2a7p4 at the University of Michigan Health System
http://isc.temple.edu/neuroanatomy/lab/atlas/micn/
http://www.neuroanatomy.wisc.edu/Bs97/TEXT/P18/sum.htm
NIF Search - Decussation of superior cerebellar peduncle via the Neuroscience Information Framework

References

This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

^ Voogd J, van Baarsen K (February 2014). "The horseshoe-shaped commissure of Wernekinck or the decussation of the brachium conjunctivum methodological changes in the 1840s". N. Cerebellum 13 (1): 113–20. doi:10.1007/s12311-013-0520-9. PMID 24078481.

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Mapping of somatostatin-28 (1-12) in the alpaca (Lama pacos) brainstem.

De Souza E1, Sánchez ML, Aguilar LÁ, Díaz-Cabiale Z, Narváez JÁ, Coveñas R.
Microscopy research and technique.Microsc Res Tech.2015 May;78(5):363-74. doi: 10.1002/jemt.22482. Epub 2015 Mar 5.
Using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique, we studied the distribution of cell bodies and fibers containing somatostatin-28 (1-12) in the alpaca brainstem. Immunoreactive fibers were widely distributed throughout the whole brainstem: 34 brainstem nuclei/regions showed a high or a moderate density
PMID 25754727

Mapping of neurotensin in the alpaca (Lama pacos) brainstem.

de Souza E1, Aguilar LA, Díaz-Cabiale Z, Narváez JA, Coveñas R.
Anatomia, histologia, embryologia.Anat Histol Embryol.2014 Aug;43(4):245-56. doi: 10.1111/ahe.12067. Epub 2013 May 22.
We studied the distribution of cell bodies and fibres containing neurotensin (NT) in the brainstem of the alpaca using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique. Immunoreactive fibres were widely distributed throughout the brainstem, whereas the distribution of cell bodies was less widespread. Immunore
PMID 23692174

The horseshoe-shaped commissure of Wernekinck or the decussation of the brachium conjunctivum methodological changes in the 1840s.

Voogd J, van Baarsen K.
Cerebellum (London, England).Cerebellum.2014 Feb;13(1):113-20.
Up till the 1840s, gross dissection was the only method available to study the tracts and fascicles of the white matter of the human brain. This changed dramatically with the introduction by Stilling (1842, 1843, 1846) of the microscopy of serial sections and his demonstration of the discriminative
PMID 24078481

Japanese Journal

中枢性眼振の神経機序

Equilibrium research 55(4), 335-342, 1996-08-01
NAID 10009415955

SINGLE UNIT STUDIES ON VENTROLATERAL NUCLEUS OF THE THALAMUS IN CAT: ITS RELATION TO THE CEREBELLUM, MOTOR CORTEX AND BASAL GANGLIA

The Japanese Journal of Physiology 16(1), 42-60, 1966
NAID 130003476022

Fiber connections of the forel H-field as seen in marchi preparations

Acta Medicinae Okayama 18(4), 1964-08
NAID 120002311349

「上小脳脚」

Superior cerebellar peduncle
	Sagittal section of the cerebellum, near the junction of the vermis with the hemisphere. (Superior peduncle labeled at upper right.)
	Dissection showing the projection fibers of the cerebellum. (Superior peduncle labeled at center top.)
Details
Latin	pedunculus cerebellaris superior
Identifiers
Gray's	p.792
NeuroNames	ancil-1289712953
NeuroLex ID	Superior cerebellar peduncles
Dorlands; /Elsevier	p_10/12622535
TA	A14.1.05.006; A14.1.07.417; A14.1.08.678
FMA	72495
	Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy