WordNet

the extent of a 2-dimensional surface enclosed within a boundary; "the area of a rectangle"; "it was about 500 square feet in area" (同)expanse, surface_area
a part of a structure having some specific characteristic or function; "the spacious cooking area provided plenty of room for servants"
a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary (usually serving some special purpose or distinguished by its people or culture or geography); "it was a mountainous area"; "Bible country" (同)country
a part of an animal that has a special function or is supplied by a given artery or nerve; "in the abdominal region" (同)region
a subject of study; "it was his area of specialization"; "areas of interest include..."
a unit of surface area equal to 100 square meters (同)ar
of or relating to a septum (同)septate

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〈U〉〈C〉『面積』 / 〈C〉『地域』,『地方』(region, district) / 〈C〉(活動・研究・興味などの及ぶ)『範囲』,『領域』(range)《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈C〉《英》=areaway 1
…『である』,…です(beの二人称の単数とすべての人称の複数の直説法現在形)
アール(メートル法の面積単位;100平方メートル)
are (面積の単位)の変形

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/10/17 04:26:30」(JST)

wiki en

The septal nuclei (medial olfactory area) are a set of structures that lie below the rostrum of the corpus callosum, anterior to the lamina terminalis (the layer of gray matter in the brain connecting the optic chiasma and the anterior commissure where the latter becomes continuous with the rostral lamina). The septal nuclei are composed of medium-size neurons which are classified into medial, lateral, and posterior groups. The septal nuclei receive reciprocal connections from the olfactory bulb, hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus, midbrain, habenula, cingulate gyrus, and thalamus. The septal area (medial olfactory area) has no relation to the sense of smell, but it is considered a pleasure zone in animals. The septal nuclei play a role in reward and reinforcement along with the nucleus accumbens. In the 1950s, Olds & Milner showed that rats with electrodes implanted in this area will self-stimulate repeatedly (i.e. press a bar to receive electrical current that will stimulate the neurons).^[1]

Connections with other structures

The dorsal septum projects to the lateral preoptic area, lateral hypothalamus, periventricular hypothalamus and midline thalamus.

Fibers from the ventral half of the septum project topographically to the hippocampal formation, thalamus, hypothalamus and midbrain. Specifically, neurons located along the midline in the vertical limb of the diagonal band of Broca project through the dorsal fornix to all CA fields of the dorsal hippocampus and adjacent subicular cortex. Other fibers from this region project through the stria medullaris to the medial and lateral habenular nuclei, the paratenial and anteromedial nucleus of the thalamus, and through the medial forebrain bundle to the pars posterior of the medial mammillary nucleus.

Cells located in the intermediolateral septum also project through the lateral part of the fimbria to all CA fields of the ventral hippocampus and adjacent subicular and entorhinal cortices. These cells also send fibers through the stria medullaris to the lateral habenular nucleus and mediodorsal thalamic nucleus. Other axons arising from these cells descend through the medial forebrain bundle to terminate in a region dorsal to the interpeduncular nucleus.

The lateral septum is a relay center for connections from the CA3 of the hippocampus to the ventral tegmental area. These connections help link reward signals with the context in which they occur.^[2]

Fibers from the most lateral part of the ventral septum (i.e., bed nucleus of the anterior commissure) project through the stria terminalis to the ventral subiculum. In addition, cells located in the horizontal limb of the diagonal band project massively to the pars posterior of the medial mammillary nucleus, the ventral tegmental area, and amygdala.

References

^ Olds, J; Milner, P (December 1954). "Positive reinforcement produced by electrical stimulation of septal area and other regions of rat brain.". Journal of comparative and physiological psychology 47 (6): 419–27. doi:10.1037/h0058775. PMID 13233369. Retrieved 17 March 2013.
^ Luo, A. H.; Tahsili-Fahadan, P.; Wise, R. A.; Lupica, C. R.; Aston-Jones, G. (14 July 2011). "Linking Context with Reward: A Functional Circuit from Hippocampal CA3 to Ventral Tegmental Area". Science 333 (6040): 353–357. doi:10.1126/science.1204622. PMC 3150711. PMID 21764750. Retrieved 17 March 2013.

Neuroanatomy book of mansoura faculty of medicine (Egypt)

External links

Stained brain slice images which include the "septal%20nuclei" at the BrainMaps project

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Cortical hypoplasia and ventriculomegaly of p73-deficient mice: Developmental and adult analysis.

Medina-Bolívar C1, González-Arnay E, Talos F, González-Gómez M, Moll UM, Meyer G.
The Journal of comparative neurology.J Comp Neurol.2014 Aug 1;522(11):2663-79. doi: 10.1002/cne.23556. Epub 2014 Apr 3.
Trp73, a member of the p53 gene family, plays a crucial role in neural development. We describe two main phenotypic variants of p73 deficiency in the brain, a severe one characterized by massive apoptosis in the cortex leading to early postnatal death and a milder, non-/low-apoptosis one in which 50
PMID 24500610

Transneuronal tracing of central autonomic regions involved in cardiac sympathetic afferent reflex in rats.

Gao J1, Zhang F1, Sun HJ1, Liu TY1, Ding L1, Kang YM2, Zhu GQ1, Zhou YB3.
Journal of the neurological sciences.J Neurol Sci.2014 Jul 15;342(1-2):45-51. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2014.04.023. Epub 2014 Apr 30.
Stimulation of cardiac afferents (CA) increased sympathetic outflow and blood pressure. The goal of the current study is to determine the central autonomic nuclei involved in the regulation of cardiac sympathetic afferent reflex (CSAR) which has been proved in previously functional studies. Neuroana
PMID 24819915

Withdrawal from chronic amphetamine reduces dopamine transmission in the rat lateral septum.

Renard GM1, Sotomayor-Zarate R, Blanco EH, Gysling K.
Journal of neuroscience research.J Neurosci Res.2014 Jul;92(7):937-43. doi: 10.1002/jnr.23369. Epub 2014 Feb 19.
The lateral septum (LS) is a brain nucleus implicated in the addictive process. This study investigated whether withdrawal from chronic amphetamine (AMPH) induces alterations in dopamine (DA) transmission within the LS. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with AMPH (2.5 mg/kg i.p.) or saline duri
PMID 24753218

Japanese Journal

Devonian tabulate corals from pebbles in Mesozoic conglomerate, Kotaki, Niigata Prefecture, central Japan Part 2: Alveolitina

Science reports of Niigata University. (Geology) 30, 15-25, 2015-03
NAID 120005608032

Letter by Cacko, et al Regarding Article, "Improvement of Cardiac Function by Increasing Stimulus Strength During Left Ventricular Pacing in Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy"

International Heart Journal 56(5), 578-579, 2015
NAID 130005102128

Letter by Cacko, et al Regarding Article, "Improvement of Cardiac Function by Increasing Stimulus Strength During Left Ventricular Pacing in Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy"

International Heart Journal advpub(0), 2015
NAID 130005098507

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「中隔野」「septum of brain」
関連記事	「area」「septal」

「中隔野」

Septal area
Details
Latin	nuclei septales
Identifiers
Gray's	p.840
NeuroNames	hier-241
Dorlands; /Elsevier	n_11/12583395
BAMS	SEPTAL-NUCLEI
TA	A14.1.09.266
FMA	61845
	Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy

　　[★]

英: septal region, septal area
関: septum、septum of brain

「septum of brain」

　　[★] 脳中隔

関: septal area、septal region

「area」

　　[★]

n.

面積、範囲、分野、区域、領域、部域、地域

関: district、domain、extent、field、local、range、reach、realm、region、regional、scope、segment、segmental、spectra、spectrum、territory、universe

「septal」

　　[★]

adj.

中隔の

関: septate、septum

[1] Olds, J; Milner, P (December 1954). "Positive reinforcement produced by electrical stimulation of septal area and other regions of rat brain.". Journal of comparative and physiological psychology 47 (6): 419–27. doi:10.1037/h0058775. PMID 13233369. Retrieved 17 March 2013.

[2] Luo, A. H.; Tahsili-Fahadan, P.; Wise, R. A.; Lupica, C. R.; Aston-Jones, G. (14 July 2011). "Linking Context with Reward: A Functional Circuit from Hippocampal CA3 to Ventral Tegmental Area". Science 333 (6040): 353–357. doi:10.1126/science.1204622. PMC 3150711. PMID 21764750. Retrieved 17 March 2013.

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案内

septal area